Pacific Lamprey in the Pacific Northwest. Conserving a Poorly- Understood Northwest Fish. Jeffrey C. Jolley U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Transcription

1 Pacific Lamprey in the Pacific Northwest Conserving a Poorly- Understood Northwest Fish Jeffrey C. Jolley U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

2 Overview What are lampreys? An introduction to Pacific lamprey Current conservation Science highlights?

3 What are lampreys? Class: Agnatha Order: Petromyzontiformes Family: Petromyzontidae, Geotriidae, Mordaciidae Genus: Lampetra Entosphenus Petromyzon Ichthyomyzon Credit: USFWS

4 What are Lampreys? Commonly mistaken for eels Credit: Gerald Garold Sneegas Credit: Freshwaters Illustrated

5 Current Agnathans 380 mya Lampreys Hagfish

6 Reconstruction illustrating tadpole-like body proportions and large oral disc, compared with modern lamprey

7 Lampreys of the PNW Pacific lamprey E. tridentatus Western brook lamprey L. richardsoni River lamprey L. ayresii Pacific brook lamprey L. pacifica Kern brook lamprey L. hubbsi Miller lake lamprey L. minima Vancouver lamprey L. macrostoma Arctic lamprey L. camtschatica

8 Tale of Two Fishes Pacific lamprey Sea lamprey

9 Tale of Two Fishes Sea lamprey

10 Tale of Two Fishes Sea lamprey control

11 Pacific lamprey an anadromous fish Hatch in freshwater Larvae reside in freshwater Juveniles migrate to the ocean Adults feed in the ocean Adults are semelparous K. Williams, NOAA

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16 Tribal Ecological Knowledge

17 Pacific Lamprey Range From Japan, around the Pacific Rim to Baja California, Mexico Native.

18 Pacific Lamprey Abundance and Distribution Distribution has been reduced in many river drainages Extirpated above dams and other impassable barriers Decline in abundance throughout the Columbia River basin and many west coast streams Pacific lamprey adult counts Winchester Dam, Umpqua River, OR (ODFW) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, Year

19 Population Structure Hypothetical possibilities? One (few) Gene flow and some evidence of genetic differentiation though still indicate a shared evolutionary history and a lack of reproductive isolation Many

20 General Threats Passage both upstream & downstream Dewatering and flows Poor water quality Dredging (channel maintenance and mining) Stream and floodplain degradation Changing ocean conditions Predation by nonnative fish species

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23 USFWS Pacific Lamprey Conservation Initiative Apparent widespread decline throughout the range Uncertain information on Abundance & distribution Population structure Threats Interest by a diversity of groups to conserve lamprey populations and to develop and implement management plans

24 Pacific Lamprey Assessment and Template for Conservation Measures

25 Conservation Agreement Signatories - 10 Tribes, 4 states, 14 federal agencies

26 Regional Implementation Planning Efficiently use limited resources and swiftly implement Pacific lamprey actions Identify and prioritize needed actions and research Identify implementing agencies and funding sources

27 Regional Implementation Planning Deschutes Basin Pacific Lamprey Category Objective Subobjectives Tasks Status Passage Improve passage for Pacific lamprey Define culvert passage and make recommendation Develop and implement structural passage aids Prioritize list of culverts to be modified for lamprey Construct or ehance aids to passage. Evaluate passage at i Begin 2013 Ongoing through 2013 Implementing Entity CTWSRO, USFWS, USFS CTWSRO & USFWS Funding Source Identify Identify

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29 Lamprey Passage System

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31 Lamprey passage on Umatilla and Umpqua Rivers

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33 Balm Grove Dam Barrier??

34 Evaluation of larval Pacific lamprey rearing in mainstem areas of the Columbia and Snake rivers impacted by dams Bergstedt and Genovese 1994

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38 Pacific lamprey experimental populations Develop an appropriate rearing configuration Investigate health and pathology Develop appropriate feeding regimes for that maximize nutrition, growth, and condition Investigate and increase knowledge of metamorphosis timing Investigate salinity tolerance of larvae

39 Configuration many iterations ECNFH Coho building ECNFH Upper station AFTC ECNFH Lower station ECNFH Upper station ECNFH

40 Health and pathology Pacific lamprey Standard fish health examination done (K. Lujan, LCFHC) Larvae relatively disease free Vibrio vulnificus detected Pacific lamprey larvae collected from V vulnificus NOT detected Aeromonas spp. was detected Pacific lamprey larvae Relatively disease free

41 Larval lamprey virus challenges Collaboration b/t CRFPO/ECNFH/LCFH C/USGS WFSC Larvae resistant to IHNV and VHSV Didn t become infected or replicate virus

42 Proportion change in total length Growth and nutrition Algae Leaves No feed Salmon analog Yeast/larval food -0.1 July-NovemberNovember-February Overall Interval Jolley, J.C., C.T. Uh, G.S. Silver, T.A. Whitesel. In press. Larval Pacific lamprey feeding and growth in captive-reared environments. North American Journal of Aquaculture.

43 Growth and nutrition Baseline lamprey Algae Leaf Salmon analog Yeast/larval food Control - non-fed lamprey Algae-fed lamprey Leaf-fed lamprey Salmon analog-fed lamprey Yeast/larval feed C

44 Salinity tolerance High survival in moderate salinity No survival at elevated salinity. predictions about larval lamprey distribution in, and the importance of coastal streams and the Columbia River Estuary.

45 Outreach

46 Outreach

47 Outreach

48 Questions?

49 The End