NATURAL VARIABILITY OF MACRO-ZOOPLANKTON AND LARVAL FISHES OFF THE KIMBERLEY, NW AUSTRALIA: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

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1 Holliday, D. and Beckley, L.E. (2011) Preliminary investigation of macro-zooplankton and larval fish assemblages off the Kimberley coast, North West Australia. Kimberley Marine & Coastal Science Symposium, 20 May, Perth, Western Australia NATURAL VARIABILITY OF MACRO-ZOOPLANKTON AND LARVAL FISHES OFF THE KIMBERLEY, NW AUSTRALIA: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS David Holliday, Lynnath Beckley, Evan Weller and Alicia Sutton 1

2 Anthropogenic effects to the Kimberley pelagic ecosystem Many expanding pressures in Kimberley (e.g. oil and gas, fishing, aquaculture) Pelagic ecosystem of the Kimberley is becoming increasingly exposed to disturbance Marine populations rely upon the pelagic ecosystem for reproductive success (e.g. corals and fishes) and for food (e.g. krill for whales) Need to have good baseline data to ascertain any effects 2

3 Complex oceanography of Kimberley pelagic ecosystem Very large tides (>10m) Circulation is a complex interaction between tides, wind and regional ocean currents (Condie & Andrewartha 2008) Seasonal reversal of currents largely in response to wind field 3

4 Highly seasonal rainfall and fluvial discharge (turbidity) 500 mean monthly rainfall (mm/month) Kimberly region AIMS Source: CSIRO J F M A M J J A S O N D month of the year Rainfall Data Beckley4 4

5 RV Southern Surveyor voyage April 2010 Physical oceanography tides, currents, water masses Biological oceanography light climate, phytoplankton, zooplankton and larval fishes Study Area 5

6 RV Southern Surveyor voyage April 2010 The voyage encompassed a spring-neap cycle Transect A (spring tide) repeated as C (neap tide) Tidal height data for Broome 6

7 Regional temperature and salinity properties Very warm surface water (>30 o C) Cooler, lower salinity deeper water Little variability across region and between spring (A) and neap (C) TS Profile of Upper 300 m 7

8 Temperature and salinity cross-section - Transect B Strong temperature stratification Warm high-salinity water over shelf Some lower salinity coastal water No strong frontal structures 8

9 Natural variability of macro-zooplankton and larval fishes Macro-zooplankton Larval fish A decreasing trend in bio-volume of macro-zooplankton and concentration of larval fishes from coastal to oceanic waters 9

10 Macro-zooplankton bio-volume Mean Settled Volume (ml / m 3 ) Lacepede Is King Sound Isobath (m) / Location Significant (p< 0.001) cross-shelf structuring driven by the factor Isobath Copepod Crab zoea Stomatopod Polychaete Brittlestar pluteus Jellyfish 10

11 Abundance of krill Mean Concentration (number / m 3 ) Adult and juvenile stages Larval stages Lacepede Islands King Sound Isobath (m) / Location Highest concentrations in coastal waters - mostly larvae Pseudeuphausia latifrons dominated shelf assemblage Higher diversity in oceanic waters and characterised by species of Stylocheiron and Euphausia 11

12 Larval fish assemblages - concentrations Mean concentration (number / m 3 ) Oceanic meso-pelagic Neritic Significant (p< 0.001) cross-shelf structuring Highest concentrations in coastal waters Number of Families Location / Isobath (m) 50 Lacepede Islands King Sound Influence of subsequent tides confounded by diel variation (not significant) Larvae of neritic taxa dominated assemblages but declined offshore 12

13 Larval fish assemblages - diversity Mean concentration (number / m 3 ) Oceanic meso-pelagic Neritic 6,513 larvae from 110 teleost families Assemblages at Lacepede Islands and in King Sound different from shelf stations Number of Families Location / Isobath (m) 50 Lacepede Islands King Sound Neritic taxa occurring offshore possibly dispersed from Scott Reef Different environment or limited exchange? 13

14 Larval Fish Assemblages 2D Stress: 0.14 Isobath KS Lac Overall significant cross-shelf structuring (p< 0.001) Clear spatial separation between coastal, shelf and oceanic assemblages as well as the Lacepede Islands and King Sound 14

15 Natural Variability of Larval Fish Assemblages 2D Stress: 0.14 Isobath KS Lac Lanternfish Dragonfish Wrasse Anchovy Mackerel Snakemackerel Grouper / Cod Goby Wrasse Unicornfish Lanternfish Pelagic codlet Snapper Pelagic codlet 15

16 Future Work and Significance Larval fish are being identified to genus/ species level - data will be examined further to elucidate trends which may be masked by analysis at the broad family level To resolve the influence of tide, a 24 hr station, sampled during voyage is currently being analysed These preliminary results have provided first insight into natural variability of macro-zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in the Kimberley pelagic ecosystem This information will be useful for industry, management and planning, particularly for the evaluation of any anthropogenic impacts to the Kimberley pelagic ecosystem 16

17 Acknowledgements MNF ship s time CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship Murdoch University Strategic Research Fund Woodside Energy Ltd Captain, crew and scientists on the RV Southern Surveyor Nick Breheny and Joanna Strzelecki 17

18 Temperature and salinity properties over a tidal cycle TS profiles over 12 hr period (between subsequent tides) Shift from more stratified conditions at low tide to more well mixed at high tide 18

19 Velocity Field Alongshore velocity greater ( m s -1 ) compared to cross-shelf 19

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