Conservation. Fauna! MALAYSIA. Edited By ZAINAL ABIDIN ABU HASAN ZUBAID AKBAR

Transcription

1 Conservation Fauna! MALAYSIA Edited By ZAINAL ABIDIN ABU HASAN ZUBAID AKBAR PENERBIT UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA BANG. 1996

2 10 ODONATE FAUNA FROM KELANTAN, PAHANG AND MUAR DRAINAGES, MALAYSIA. Norma-Rashid,1 M. Zakaria-Ismail1 and M. Hamalainen2 Department of Zoology, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Applied Zoology, University of Helsinki, Finland ABSTRACT ^^^ fe his paper presents a prelimin?ry survey of the odonate species ^^ ^at the vicinity of the Kelantan, Pahang and johore river basins. ^Fifty-two species representing 10 families were recorded. I Libellulids, gomphids and chlorocyphids accounted for 46% J 14% and 14% respectively. The remaining species were distributed amongst Calopterygidae, Euphaeidae, Coenagrionidae, Protoneuridae, Lestidae, Megapodagrionidaeand Platycnemididae. This record lists some interesting collections. Neurobasis longipes Hagen, 1887 is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Acrogomphus malay3nus\.a\a\ N, 1925, and Burmagomphus plagiatus Lieftinck, 1964 are endemic species. Libel/ago semiopaca (Selys, 1873), L stigmatizans (Selys, 1859), Rhinagrion mima (Karsch, 1891), Indothemis limbata limbata (Selys, 1891), Onychothemis testacea Laidlaw, 1902 and Onychothemiscoccinea Lieftinck, 1953 are species with few previous records.

3 130 / Odcmate Fauna fromkelantan.pahang and Muar Drainages INTRODUCTION Studies on the dragonflies (Anisoptera) and damselflies (Zygoptera) started about 150 years ago. Much attention has been paid to it ever since. However, to date, only one attempt was made to prepare a comprehensive list of the Malaysian odonate fauna (Lieftinck, 1954). This has been an important reference for systematists and biologists interested in this attractive and beautiful insectcs of the region. The handlist includes 189 species of which Zygoptera and Anisoptera are represented by 77 and 112 species respectively. The ever increasing development of the country necessitates a knowledge not only of the composition of the animal fauna as a whole but also the abundance and status of each group including Odonata. Although the odonates occupy both the terrestrial and aquatic habitats at different stages of their life history, the present report is concerned with the adult forms. It is hoped that the paper would contribute to the available information on this group in Malaysia. The survey area includes 13 sites varied from lenthic and lothic waters from the three drainages (Fig. 1). Locations 1 to 4, 5 to 8 and 9 to 13 represent Muar, Kelantan and Pahang basins respectively. 1) KolamAirBekal, GunungLedang, Muar drainage. Dates: 12,13,14-V-1994 Description: Lake in a swampy area surrounded by a virgin forest. Water is clean but brownish with ph of 6.0 and temperature 26.5 C. Altitude 300 m. 2) Sungai Belemang, at the foothill of Gunung Ledang, Muar drainage. Date: 13-V-1994 Description: A small stream with average width and depth of 4 m and 0.25 m respectively. Surrounding vegetation comprised of rubber trees. Clean water with ph 6.0 and temperature 25 C. Bottom substrate 99% sand and leaf litter with a canopy coverage of 5-10%. (3) Sugai Ayer Panas, at the foothill of Gunung Ledang, Muar drainage. Date: 13-V-1995 Description: A stream of 4-8 m wide an average depth of 0.3 m in a recreation area surrounded by rubber and oil palm trees. Very clean water, ph 9 and temperature 25 C. Substrate, 99% sand and 20% boulders with coverage of 5-10%. 4) Sungai Tangkak, at the foothill of Gunung Ledang, Muar drainage. Date: 14-V-1994 Description: A stream with 0.3-

4 FIGURE 1 Map of study area. Stars, hollow circles and hollow triangles represent sampling sites for Kelantan, Pahang and Muar drainages respectively (sk = Sg. Kelantan; sp = Sg. Pahang; sm = Sg. Muar).

5 132 /Odonate Fauna from Kelantan, Pahang and Muar Drainages 0.8 m depth width m. Surrounded by secondary forest, shrub and rubber trees. Substrate, sand and boulders with ph 7.1 and temperature 25.5 C. Shaded with 30-90% cover. 5) A small stream flowing into Sg. Galas, Kelantan drainage. Date: 13-VI-1994 Description: Stream. Width 2 m, depth of 0.3 m. Surrounded by logged forest. Substrate 60% litter, 40% clay and silt. Slow flowing and cool water, 23.6 C and ph 6.3. Coverage of 20-50%. 6) Sungai Galas, on the way to Kuala Betis, Kelantan drainage. Date: 13-VI-1994 Description: Stream of 1.3 m depth and 5.5 m wide. Surrounded by logged forest and bamboo. Substrate, clay and silt. Temperature 25 C and ph 7.1. Cover 30-60%. 7) Sungai Selieh, a tributary of Sg. Berok, Kelantan drainage Date: 14-VI-1994 Description: Stream of 3 m wide and 0.4 m deep. Surrounding vegetation mainly bamboo. Temperature 23.1 C and ph 6.6. Substrate, litter, clay and silt with 50-80% cover. 8) Sungai Lasau, a tributary of Sg. Berok, Kelantan drainage. Date: 14-VI-1994 Description: Stream, 5 m wide and depth of 0.4 m. Surrounded by logged secondary forest. Slow moving water. Temperature 26 C and ph 6.4. Substrate, sand and clay % cover. 9) Sungai Lompat, Pahang drainage. Date: 20-VI-1994 Description: Stream. Fast flowing and clear water. Surrounded by secondary forest. Substrate mainly sand, otherwise pebbles. Shady, 60% coverage. 10) Sungai Perlok, a tributary of Sg. Lompat. Pahang drainage. Date: 21-VI-1994 Description: Stream. Clear water with substrate sand and some pebbles. Vegetation cleared for village and planting fruit trees. Open. 11)Sungai Pian, a tributary of Sg. Lompat, Pahang drainage. Date: 22-VI-1994 Description: Stream, moderate flow. Substrate sand and pebbles. Forest cleared for orchard. Canopy cover 30%. 12) Sungai Krau, in the Krau Game Reserve, Pahang drainage. Date: 22-VI-1994 Description: River >20 m wide with moderately flowing water. Substrate of mud, sand and pebbles. Open. 13) Sungai Krau, on the way to the Krau Came Reserve from Kuala Lompat, Pahang drainage.

6 Conservation and Faunal Biodiversity in Makysia /133 Date: 24-VI-1994 testa/isamoenasetys, Description: River. Moderate flow A total of 12 o" and 2$ were caought and 10 m wide. Substrate mud at locations 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,11 and and sand. Open. 13. A common calopterygid found in areas with sandy bottom, clear, slow- ANNOTATED LIST running lowland or montane streams OF SPECIES in the Peninsula. It also occurred in the dams' (e.g. Klang gates and FAMILY: CALOPTERYGIDAE Ampang). Neurobasis chinensis chinensis FAMILY: CHLOROCYPHIDAE Linnaeus, 1758 A total of 160" and 89 were caught in Libellago aurantiaca (Selys, 1859). locations 2, 3, 6, 9,10,11, 12 and Only 1cf was caught at location The most comspicuous and This is a lowland species, commonly widespread calopterygid species found at riffles and sunny spots. found in the fast-flowing rivers and streams. Establishing territories and Libellago lineata lineata (Burmeister, perching on boulders or marginal 1839) vegetation. Females oviposit endo- It is an open country species and the phytically and sometimes submerged most common of the local Libellago. guarded by their partners. As many However, only two males were females and males can be seen at caught at location 3. breeding time. Libellago semiopaca (Selys, 1873) Neurobasis longipestta^ft, 1887 An uncommon species, and only 4 Specimens caught at location 7 had males were caught in location 6. They 2cf and 3$, while site 8 had 1$. This can be found perching on fallen logs is a new record for Peninsular in still waters. Malaysia. Previously, it was thought to be endemic to Borneo. Its Libellagostigmatizans(Selys, 1859) occurrence in Kelantan together with In location 7, two males were found. N. chinensis confirms Hamalainen's An uncommon dweller of small (1993) view that chinensis and streams which can also be found in longipesstz two different species and cultivated areas such as oil palm not subspecies as previously classified, plantations.

7 134 / Odonate Fauna from Kelantan, Pahang and Muar Drainages Rhinocypha biforata biforata Selys, Euphaea ochracea ochracea Selys, Atotalof30tf and 129 were caught Four males were Cau8ht in each in locations/, i,-^~~i 3,4,5, o A c 6, c. 7,8,9, -i Q Q and ' A locations 5 and They occur in the 7,,., lowland and hill forests, over rocky 11. They can be found in forests and and sandy $treams They a sq ^ open cultivated areas with sandy bottom or muddy streams. Females aggregate on floating logs while ovipositing in a row. They are normally guarded by their male partners. Rhmocypha perforata l,mbata Selys, 1R7Q seen perchingon twigsand boulders. FAMILY: LESTIDAE Lestespraemorsus decipiens Kirby, 1Rcn Only five males were caught in location 1, which is characterized by ma5hyareaswithweedybanks. Thjys is a stagnant water species. In localities 5,6,10 and 11, a total of 9<f and 2? were found in areas of FAMILY: MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE flowing waters. They are rarely together with biforata. Rhinagrion mima (Karsch, 1891) One male was caught in location 13. CAUIIV ciiduacinac A less documented species in the ramily: turhatluat Peninsula but known to occur in areas of sand or muddy bottom streams. Dysphaea dimidiata Selys, 1853 A total of 14cf were caught in FAMILY: COENAGRIONIDAE locations 6, 7, 9,10,11,12 and 13. They prefer shady streams which are Argiocnemisrubescensrubeolatety-,, stagnant or slow-flowing water in the 1877 ow anc(s A single female was caught in location 3. A species that frequents clear, Euphaea impar Selys, 1859 stagnant or slow-running waters. In localities 7 and 9, a total of Srf Pseudagrion australasiae Selys, 1876 were caught. This species occurs at One female was caught in location shady forest streams perching on 1. This species usually occurs in areas twigs, leaves of marginal or of still waterc such as ponds, lakes or overhanging vegetation. quarry pools which are rich in vegetation.

8 uonservauon ana r aunai muuivekiiy in Malaysia / Pseudagrion pru/nosum (Burmeister, 1839) Seven males were caught in locations FAMILY: GOMPHIDAE Acrogomphus malayanus Laid law, 3,5,8,11 and 13. They prefer shady 1925 small streams but can also be found A single female was caught in location,.,.. 2. This is an endemic species. The in cultivated areas of oil palm and.., rr..,, specimen represents the first female banana plantation. ever documented. FAMILY: PLATYCNEMIDIDAE Copera margmipes (Rambur, 1842) Specimens caught in locations 2, 3, 5,6 and 8 had a total of 16cf and 2p. Their preferred habitats range from dense forests to cultivated areas, usually near slow-flowing streams with substrate comprised of pebbles, sand or mud. FAMILY: PROTONEURIDAE Prodasineura autumnalis (Fraser, 1922) A total of 18o" were found in locations 1, 2, 5, 6 and 13. The normal habitat of this species is in areas of stagnant to fast-flowing waters. Prodasineura laidlawi (faster, 1907) From locality 4 we caught 5 d* and 19, while 2cf were from site 5. A widely distributed species throughout much of Peninsular Malaysia. Burmagomphus plag/atus Lieftinck, 1964 A single male was caught in location 11. This is a rare species, previously known only from the type locality which is Johor off Mawai Road (Lieftinck, 1964). This specimen repesents an extension of its distribution limit. Comphidia abbotti abbotti Wiliamson, 1907 One male was found in location 12, They prefer both forested and open areas. Ictinogomphus decoratus melaenops (Selys, 1858) A total of 3cr and 1$ were caught in locations 1, 5 and 6. They are high fliers and normally found as isolated individuals perching on exposed twigs in the middle of the pool. Macrogomphus parallelogramma albardae Selys, 1878 A single male caught in location 11. Although the species was originally

9 136 / Odonate Fauna from Kelantan, Pahaiig and Miiar Drainages recorded from Johore (Lieftinck, Brachydiplax/&/7/7O5<? Kruger, ), it is considered to be A single male was caught in location widespread (Norma-Rashid & van Tol, 12. It is not as common as chalybea, 1995). but founc jn similar habitats. Megalogomphus sumatranus (Kruge r, 1899) A single female specimen was caught in location 10. Paragomphus capricornis (Forster, 1914) One female was caught in location 2. They prefer cultivated areas with streams. FAMILY: LIBELLULIDAE Ad so ma panorpoides panorpoides Rambur, 1842 Two females was caught in location 1. This is a common species in paddy fields, normally perching on grassy boarderc. Aethr/amants grac///s (Brauer, 1878) Six females were caught in location 1. Males typically perching on weedy plants in stagnant waters of open areas for long hours. Brachydiplax chalybea chalybea Brauer, 1868 A total of 2 cf were found in locations 3 and 12. A common species in lowlying areas of well vegetated stagnant waters. Cratilla metallica (Brauer, 1878) One male was found in location 4. Considered to be a generalist, it is usually found in areas with pools and slow-flowing muddy streams. Indothemis limbata limbata (Selys, 1891) Two males, caught in location 1, represent another additional record of the species in Peninsular Malaysia. / athredsta asiatica asiatica (Fa brie i us, 1798) A species which prefers swampy and marshy areas with muddy substrate. A single female was caught in location 4. Neurothemis fluctuans (Fabricius, 1793) A total of 12rf and 1$ were found in locations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 11. A widely distributed and common species, and always found in large numbers. Several males sometimes can perch on the same grass stalk bordering a small shallow drainage. Mated pairs in copulating wheels can frequently be seen among the vegetation (Norma-Rashid, 1993).

10 Conservation and Faunal Biodiversity in Makysia /137 Neurothem/s fulvia (Dairy, 1773) A rather rare species. Only one male specimen was found in location 2. Orthetrum c/7/y5/5(selys, 1891) Three males were found in location 5. A very common and widespread species among the orthetrums. Otfhetrum g/aucum (Brauer, 1865) A couple and a single male were caught in locations 4 and 11 respectively. Frequently, it occurs together with chrysis but not as abundant. The species prefers an area of sunny spots. Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum (Rambur, 1842) One male was caught from location 5 and it is not a common species here. Orthetrum sabina 'sabina (Drury, 1770) A single male was caught in location 11. A common and widespread species at quarry, paddy fields and areas with slow-flowing and well vegetated streams. Orthetrum testaceum testaceum (Burmeister, 1839) A total of 10rf and 19 were caught in locations 2,6,7,11,12 and 13. This species is common in cultivated areas. Onychothemis coccinea Lieftinck, 1953 A single male was caught in location 6. It is a relatively rare species. Rhyothemis phyllis phyllis (Sulzer, 1776) Only 1 a* was caught in location 2. The typical habitat of the species is a richly vegetated pond in the lowlands. It is considered to be a clumsy flier. The female usually oviposits in tandem releasing eggs into the water. Rhyothemis plutonia Selys, 1883 Two males were caught in location 11. It occupies a similar habitat but not as common as phyllis. Rhyothemis triangularis Kirby, 1889 Five males were found in location 1 which is characterized by a swampy area surrounded by virgin forets. Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839) A total of 180" and 12$ were found in locations 1, 2, 4, 5 and 11. A widely distributed species. Males would usually perch on exposed branches bordering the water edge. With their pinkish bodies, they can easily be seen. Trithemis festiva (Ram bur, 1842) Only ten males were found in locations 2, 5, 7, 11 and 13. It is commonly found in cultivated areas.

11 138 / Odonate Fauna from Kelantan, Pahang and Muar Drainages Urothemis signata insignata (Selys, libellulids was the most common 1872) followed by the gomphids, A single male was found in location chlorocyphids and smaller re- 1. This species is normally found in presentatives from Calopterygidae, lowland areas with stagnant and Euphaeidae, Coenagrionidae, sluggish streams. Protoneuridae,Lestidae, Megapodagridae and Platycnemididae. In Zygonyxirismalayana((a\A\2w, 1902) Sg. Belemang, Sg. Galas and Sg. Pian Two males were found in locations species were observed, and 13. A common species, whereas in the other nine sites only preferring rocky areas of lowland and 4-11 species, montane streams. New to the fauna of Peninsular Malaysia is Neurobasis longipes, a RESULTS common species of the forested AND DISCUSSION lowland streams in Borneo (Hamalainen, 1993). Species and A total of 52 species comprising about subspecies which are considered to 28% of the odonate fauna recorded be rare, such as Libellagosemiopaca, from Peninsular Malaysia were Z. stigmatizans, Rhinagrion mima, discovered during the study. It is Indothemis limbata limbata, noteworthy that the species listed Onychothemis testacea testaceaand here reflected a predominant Thai O. cocc/nea were also recorded influence whereby 41 species were during the survey, common to both countries. Since the Although studies on Peninsular survey was not very intensive and Malaysian odonates started almost each site was studied only during one 150 years ago and the fauna is day, the species lists for each locality relatively well known, some new are far from complete. Future species or other novelties to the fauna intensive survey may increase the are still to be expected when number of species from the drainages collections are made throughout the substantially. remote areas. Of the 10 families collected,

12 Observation and Faunal Biodiversity in Makyaa/139 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work was funded by a research grant IRPA from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. Thanks are due to Hj. Mokhtar and the capable field investigators and drivers of the Department of Zoology, University of Malaya. The first author received much encouragement on odonate work from Yoshi Tsubaki and Jan van Tol, ajid their enthusiasms are gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES Hamalainen, M Description of Neurobasisdaviesisp.n. from Palawan, with taxonomic notes on other species of the N, chinensis group (Odonata, Calopterygidae). Tijdschrift voorentomologie. 136: Leiftinck, M.A Handlist of Malaysian Odonata. Treubia 22: Leiftinck, M.A. (1964). Gomphidae from the Malay Peninsula. Zoologische Verhandelingen. 69: Norma-Rashid,Y Dramatic behaviour of Odonata. NatureMalaysiana. 18(1): Norma-Rashid, Y. & J. van Tol New records of Odanata for West Malaysia. Notulae Odonatologicae. 4(6):