Insect Fauna of Korea

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1 Insect Fauna of Korea Volume 12, Number 12 Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae, Stenochiinae, Pimeliinae Darkling Beetles Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

2 China PB JG YG HB HN PN HWB GW GG CB CN GB GB (Ulleung-do) GN JN JJ JB HWN Russia East Sea Yellow Sea South Sea CB Chungcheongbuk-do CN Chungcheongnam-do GB Gyeongsangbuk-do GG Gyeonggi-do GN Gyeongsangnam-do GW Gangwon-do HB Hamgyeongbuk-do HN Hamgyeongnam-do HWB Hwanghaebuk-do HWN Hwanghaenam-do JB Jeollabuk-do JG Jagang-do JJ Jeju-do JN Jeollanam-do PB Pyeonganbuk-do PN Pyeongannam-do YG Yanggang-do

3 Insect Fauna of Korea Volume 12, Number 12 Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae, Stenochiinae, Pimeliinae Darkling Beetles 2013 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment

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5 Insect Fauna of Korea Volume 12, Number 12 Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae, Stenochiinae, Pimeliinae Darkling Beetles Boo-Hee Jung Korean Entomological Institute, Korea University

6 Copyright c 2013 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon, , Republic of Korea All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : Government Publications Registration Number Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Sang Pal Lee Project Staff : Ki Gyoung Kim, Hong-Yul Seo, Sang-Hoon Han Published on October 30, 2013 A Korean translation of this issue is simultaneously published for Korean speaking readers. This English version therefore should be regarded as an original publication that has nomenclatural priority. The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo.

7 Preface In 2010, the 10th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing of biological resources. Since then, the national and international environment of the use and management of biological resources has been rapidly changed. Therefore, it is imperative to identify indigenous biological species in details and to build scientific data worthy of international recognition in order to take the initiative in bio-industry. The National Institute of Biological Resources of the Ministry of Environment has been publishing the Flora and Fauna of Korea to generally manage biological resources and to enhance national competitiveness by setting the foundation for the sovereignty over biological resources. Professional research group consisting of professors of taxonomy and related experts has systematically examined a variety of and wide range of taxa for the last 6 years since As a result, 90 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering a total of 8,888 species and 2 issues of World Monograph covering 216 species were published. And 30 issues of the Flora and Fauna of Korea, both in Korean and in English, covering 1,665 species of invertebrates, insects and algae are additionally published this year. These efforts serve to identify indigenous species living in Korea, to investigate biota, to improve the quality of national biological resources management and to provide the opportunity to lay the groundwork for the biotechnological industrialization of biological resources. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for those who spared no effort to publish the biological magazines; Dr. Kyu-Tek Park of The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Professor Jong Kyun Park of Kyungpook National University, Dr. Jinyoung Park of Kyungpook National University, Professor Yang-Seop Bae of University of Incheon, Mr. Uljizarkal and Ms. Bo-Seon Park of University of Incheon, Dr. Hong-Sik Won of Jeohyeon Highschool, Dr. Jeong-Kyu Kim of Hanseo University, Professor Jong-Wook Lee of Yeungnam University, Dr. Jong-Chul Jeong of Korea National Park Service, Dr. Jin-Kyung Choi and Mr. Ki-Beom Kim of Yeungnam University, Dr. Heung-Sik Lee Animal Plant and Quartine Agency, Professor Dong-Pyo Ryu of Sangji University, Dr. Boo-Hee Jung of Korea University, Dr. Young Bok Cho of Hannam University, Professor Sei-Woong Choi of Mokpo National University, Dr Kyungduk Han of Korea University, Dr. Sangwook Park of Research Institute of Forest Insects Diversity, Professor Ki-Jeong Hong of Sunchon National University, and Professor See-Ae Bae of Shinheung College. And I hope they will help to discover useful biological resources in Korea and to create high value-added activities including natural product, gene resource and medical substance development. Sang-pal Lee President National Institute of Biological Resources

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9 1 Contents List of Taxa 3 Introduction 5 Materials and Methods 7 Taxonomic Notes 9 Subfamily Lagriinae Latreille Laena chejuana M.T. Chûjô Anaedus mroczkowskii Kaszab Luprops orientalis (Motschulsky) Luprops cribrifrons Marseul Micropedinus pullulus (Boheman) Micropedinus pallidipennis Lewis Lagria nigricollis Hope Lagria rufipennis Marseul Cerogria janthinipennis (Fairmaire) Arthromacra viridissima Lewis Anisostira rugipennis (Lewis) Macrolagria hirsuta Lewis 30 Subfamily Stenochiinae Kirby Ainu tenuicornis Lewis Promethis valgipes valgipes (Marseul) Promethis subrobusta subrobusta (Motschulsky) Promethis striatipennis (Lewis) Promethis punctatostriata (Motschulsky) Promethis rectangula (Motschulsky) Promethis insomnis (Lewis) Derosphaerus subviolaceus (Motschulsky) Stenophanes mesostena (Solsky) Stenophanes strigipennis (Marseul) Menephilus lucens Marseul Misolampidius molytopsis (Marseul) Misolampidius clavicrus (Marseul) Misolampidius koreanus M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky Misolampidius chejudoensis M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka Gnesis helopioides helopioides (Pascoe) Strongylium cultellatum cultellatum Mäklin Strongylium marseuli marseuli Lewis Strongylium niponicum Lewis 50

10 2 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Subfamily Pimeliinae Latreille Idisia ornata Pascoe 51 Literature Cited 53 Plates 62 Index to Scientific Names 72

11 3 List of Taxa Family Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Lagriinae Latreille, 1825 Tribe Laenini Seidlitz, 1896 Genus Laena Dejean, 1821 Laena chejuana M.T. Chûjô, 1992 Tribe Goniaderini Lacordaire, 1859 Genus Anaedus Blanchard, 1843 Anaedus mroczkowskii Kaszab, 1968 Tribe Lupropini Ardoin, 1958 Genus Luprops Hope, 1833 Luprops orientalis (Motschulsky, 1868) Luprops cribrifrons Marseul, 1876 Genus Micropedinus Lewis, 1894 Micropedinus pullulus (Boheman, 1858) Micropedinus pallidipennis Lewis, 1894 Tribe Lagriini Latreille, 1825 Genus Lagria Fabricius, 1775 Lagria nigricollis Hope, 1843 Lagria rufipennis Marseul, 1876 Genus Cerogria Borchmann, 1909 Cerogria janthinipennis (Fairmaire, 1886) Genus Arthromacra Kirby, 1837 Arthromacra viridissima Lewis, 1895 Genus Anisostira Borchmann, 1915 Anisostira rugipennis (Lewis, 1896) Genus Macrolagria Lewis, 1895 Macrolagria hirsuta Lewis, 1895 Subfamily Stenochiinae Kirby, 1837 Tribe Cnodalonini Gistel, 1856 Genus Ainu Lewis, 1894 Ainu tenuicornis Lewis, 1894 Genus Promethis Pascoe, 1869 Promethis valgipes valgipes (Marseul, 1876) Promethis subrobusta subrobusta (Motschulsky, 1872) Promethis striatipennis (Lewis, 1894) Promethis punctatostriata (Motschulsky, 1872) Promethis rectangula (Motschulsky, 1972) Promethis insomnis (Lewis, 1894) Genus Derosphaerus Thomson, 1858 Derosphaerus subviolaceus (Motschulsky, 1860)

12 4 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Stenophanes Solsky, 1876 Stenophanes mesostena (Solsky, 1871) Stenophanes strigipennis (Marseul, 1876) Genus Menephilus Mulsant, 1854 Menephilus lucens Marseul, 1876 Genus Misolampidius Solsky, 1876 Misolampidius molytopsis (Marseul, 1876) Misolampidius clavicrus (Marseul, 1876) Misolampidius koreanus M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982 Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, 1876 Misolampidius chejudoensis M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982 Genus Gnesis Pascoe, 1866 Gnesis helopioides helopioides (Pascoe, 1866) Tribe Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 Genus Strongylium Kirby, 1819 Strongylium cultellatum cultellatum Mäklin, 1864 Strongylium marseuli marseuli Lewis, 1894 Strongylium niponicum Lewis, 1894 Subfamily Pimeliinae Latreille, 1802 Tribe Idisiini G.S. Medvedev, 1973 Genus Idisia Pascoe, 1866 Idisia ornata Pascoe, 1866

13 5 Introduction The family Tenebrionidae is one of the most diverse group within Coleoptera. Tenebrionidae, the largest family of the Tenebrionoidea, is represented worldwide by approximately described species in about 2,000 genera (Arnett et al., 2002) and about 96 tribes belonging to 10 subfamilies (Bouchard et al., 2005; Löbl et al., 2008). Most tenebrioinds are heavily sclerotized, dark in color, long lived, mostly crepuscular or active at night (Arnett et al., 2002). Tenebrionids are strongly represented in tropical and subtropical regions and in both hot and cold deserts, but are less numerous in damp and cool-temperate climates, and on the oceanic islands. Both adults and larvae of tenebrionid beetles inhabit diverse habitats all over the world. They live in rotten wood, in stored products, in the soil or sand, in the leaf litter, on dead or living plant tissue and in fungi including moulds and lichens (Watt, 1974). Adult tenebrionids with abdominal defensive glands produce repugnatorial secretion containing benzoquinones (Eisner and Meinwald, 1966). Tenebrionid beetles are represented in Korea by 6 subfamilies, including Tenebrioninae, Diaperinae, Alleculinae, Lagriinae, Stenochiinae and Pimeliinae (the latter including only one species). 1. Subfamily Lagriinae Latreille, 1802 The subfamily Lagriinae is distributed in most parts of the Palaeartic region, with 5 tribes, 39 genera and about 504 described species (Löbl et al., 2008). In Korea, 3 tribes, 9 genera, and 12 species are known to occur (Löbl et al., 2008). Lagriinae is apparently an early offshoot of tenebrionidae, and is readily characterized as follows: Most adults have elongate and cylindrical body, prognathous head, filiform, rarely moniliform, sometimes indistinctly clavate (in a few tropical forms flabellate) antennae, often very long apical antennomere, reniform (circular in Laena) eyes, and tarsal formula usually In addition, elytra rarely striate (if so, 10-striae) and penultimate tarsomeres lobed ventrally (Watt, 1974). Larvae are usually found in leaf litter, especially in forests, in dead and rotten wood, or under bark of dead trees (Hayashi, 1964). A adults live under bark of logs, on the ground or (some Lagriini) on vegetation (Watt, 1974). The long history of the classification of Tenebrionidae has been discussed by Watt (1967, 1974), Doyen (1972) and Doyen and Lawrence (1979). The breakthough in our understanding came when what is now the Lagriinae was recognized as a major natural group, first as larvae then as adults, specifically in Watt (1974). Kolbe (1886) published the first comprehensive study on the Tenebrionidae fauna in Korea, based on collecting mainly in Seoul and partly in Busan and Pyeongyang in 1883 and In this work, one species of Lagriinae, Luprops sinensis (now synonym of Luprops orientalis) was included. Later, Heyden (1887) added one species. Cho (1934, 1963), Mochizuki and Tsunekawa (1937), and Kaszab (1968) reported four species. Korean Lagriinae was frequently recorded since the 1980 s. During the s, taxonomic review and faunistic data to the Korean Lagriinae were published by Kim (1981), Chûjô and Lee (1992, 1994), Kim and Kim (1996) and Kim (1996) reported eight species including one new species from Korea. In addition, Jung and Kim (2009) conducted taxonomic review of species of Lagria.

14 6 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles 2. Subfamily Stenochiinae Kirby, 1837 The subfamily Stenochiinae is distributed in most parts of the Palaeartic region, with 2 tribes, 74 genera and 432 described species (Löbl et al., 2008). In Korea, 2 tribes, 8 genera, and 20 species are known to occur (Löbl et al., 2008; Jung, 2008). Most adults of Stenochiinae are morphologically recognized by their elongate or gourd-shaped body. Their antennae are diverse (usually filiform, serrate, incrassate or weakly clavate), bearing stellate compound sensoria at apical antennomeres 5 to 8. Procoxal cavities broadly closed both externally and internally. Mesocoxal cavities closed laterally by mesepimeron. Elytra with 9 complete striae. Very large defensive reservoirs strengthened by annular foldings of the cuticular wall and defensive glands opening through a few large collecting ducts (Doyen, 1989). Members of Stenochiinae primarily occur in forest and woodland habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The larvae are almost exclusively found in dead and decaying wood, both in and under bark, sometimes in heartwood and occasionally in fruiting bodies of fungi. The larvae of Stenochiini, one of the big group in this subfamilty, are known to live in the decaying trees (Doyen, 1989). They often have strongly sclerotized posterior segments and well-developed urogomphi. These probably aid locomotion in the larval burrows and also possibly have a protective function. Adults are frequently found associated with various sorts of dead wood and are usually nocturnal (Marshall, 1982). Kolbe (1886) published the first comprehensive study on the Tenebrionidae fauna of Korea. In this work, two species of Stenochiinae, Misolampidius morio (now synonym of Misolampidius tentyrioides), and Strongylium cultellatum, were included. Later, Mochizuki (1934) added one species. Cho (1957), Cho et al. (1968) and Kaszab (1968) reported three species. ZSK (1968) added 2 species, Chu (1969) added one species, Kim and Kim (1971, 1974) added two species, and Yoon and Nam (1979) reported one species which was misidentified. Several species of this group were reported by Kim (1981), Kwon and Choi (1986, checklist of Korean Tenebrionidae). Kim et al (1994) and Kim (1995a, b). Chûjô and Imasaka (1982) reported two new species Misolampidius koreanus and Misolampidius chejudoensis. In addition, subsequent taxonomic studies of Korean Stenochiinae were conducted as part of a doctoral program (Jung, 2008).

15 7 Materials and Methods The Lagriinae and Stenochiinae materials examined in this study are deposited in the Sungshin Women s University and Jung s Insect Collection (majority of the specimens), in the Ewha Womans University, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, the Seoul National University, and the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo. Other specimens collected through national surveys or projects by the Ministry of Environment of Korea are mainly deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources in Incheon, Korea. Materials for this study were collected from March to November of from rotten wood, in or on leaf litter, on leaves and flowers, and in the fungi associated with trees. All materials were preserved in 99% ethanol, then pinned. The morphological terminology follows Watt (1974) and other major monographs. References regarding higher taxa (tribes and subfamilies) consulted Bouchard et al. (2005), and genera and species are arranged alphabetically adopted from Löbl et al. (2008). Descriptions of higher taxa and species, taxonomic keys, synonyms, type and bibliographic information, materials examined, distribution, habitats and ecology, and taxonomic remarks are provided. Some taxa known only from North Korea are not included in the identification keys. World distribution was arranged by countries or zoogeographical regions, i.e. Korea, China, Asia, Oriental Region, Palaearctic Region, Afrotropical Region etc. The abbreviations used in this study are as follows: GW (Gangweon-do), SL (Seoul), GG (Gyeonggido), CB (Chungcheongbuk-do), CN (Chungcheongnam-do), GB (Gyeongsangbuk-do), GN (Gyeongsangnam-do), JB (Jeollabuk-do), JN (Jeollanam-do), JJ (Jeju-do); Mt. (Mountain), Tem (Temple). Acknowledgements Thanks are due to E.B. Seung, who photographed habituses and aedeagi for this study, and Mr. C.Y. Lim, who assisted in editing this manuscript.

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17 9 Taxonomic Notes Family Tenebrionidae Latreille 1802: 165. Ténébrionites Latreille, 1802: 165. Body oval or elongate, mm in length. Head usually oval, punctate or rugose, sometimes with horns. Antennae 11-segmented, filiform, moniliform, often perfoliate, clubbed, serrate, and rarely flagellate, inserted under lateral extension of genae. Eyes usually emarginated or sometimes completely separated by canthus. Pronotum usually carinate or explanate laterally. Procoxal cavity closed behind by postcoxal extension of propleura, or partly open. Procoxae without exposed trochantins. Mesoventrite short, mesocoxae with or without exposed trochantins. Metaventrite usually with median longitudinal suture. Elytra usually with 9 striae, soemtimes 10 striae. Pygidium often exposed. Legs short and stout or slender and long; tarsal formula usually 5-5-4, rarely or 4-4-4; tasomeres usually not lobed ventrally, or sometimely lobed in Lagriinae; tarsal claws usually simple, or rarely pectinate in Alleculinae. Abdomen with 5 ventrites; ventrites 4 5 movable. NUMBER OF SUBFAMILIES 10 (6 in Korea), TRIBES about 96 (25 in Korea), GENERA about 1,800 (66 in Korea), SPECIES about 22,000 (129 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide in the tropical and subtropical regions and in both hot and cold deserts, but less numerous in areas with damp, cool-temperate climates, and on oceanic islands. KEY REFERENCES: Watt (1974), Doyen and Lawrence (1979), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen (1988), Doyen et al. (1989), Ren and Yu (1999), Arnett et al. (2002), Medvedev (1992), Kim (2003), Jung (2008). Key to the subfamilies of Korean Tenebrionidae 1. Elytra rarely striate; if so, with 10 striae Pimelinae Elytra distinctly striate or without striae 2 2. Tarsal claws simple 3 Tarsal claws pectinate Alleculinae 3. Penultimate tarsomere not lobed ventrally 4 Penultimate tarsomere usually lobed ventrally Lagriinae 4. Antennae with setiform or compound stellate sensoria on apical antennomeres Diaperinae Antennae with compound stellate sensoria at least on 4 apical antennomeres 5 5. Antennae with compound stellate sensoria on 4 to 6 apical antennomeres Tenebrioninae Antennae with compound stellate sensoria on 5 to 8 apical antennomeres Stenochiinae

18 10 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Subfamily Lagriinae Latreille, 1825 Lagriariae Latreille, 1825: 381. Lagriae Redtenbacher, 1845: 134. Lagriides Mulsant, 1856: 12. Lagriidae Borchmann, 1910: 2. Body length mm. Body elongate, cylindrical. Winged. Head prominently prognathous. Eyes reniform (circular in Laena), coarsely granulate. Antennae filiform, rarely moniliform, sometimes indistinctly clavate from antennomere 8 to apex. Apical antennomere often very long, with simple setiform sensoria. Labrum elongate to transverse, basal membrane exposed. Mandible with mola, elongated longitudinally with 3 transverse ridges. Apical maxillary palpomere enlarged apically. Pronotum explanate, or carinate, or completely rounded at lateral margins. Basal part of pronotum narrower than elytral base. Elytra, if striate, with 10 striae. Wings, if present, without subcubital fleck. Procoxae prominent, middle coxae conical, hind coxae transverse. Tibiae and femora slender. All tarsomeres with dense and fine pubescence. Penultimate tarsomeres frequently dilated. Fore penultimate tarsomere lobed beneath, distinctly broader than apical tarsomere. Abdomen with intersegmental membranes exposed, abdomen with 5 ventrites; ventrites 4 5 movable. Aedeagus oriented normally. Biological notes. Larvae are usually found among leaf litter, especially in forests, in rotten wood, or under bark of dead trees (Hayashi, 1964). Adults live under the bark of logs, on the ground or (Lagriini) on vegetation (Watt, 1974). NUMBEF OF PALAEARCTIC TRIBES: 5 (3 in Korea), GENERA: 39 (9 in Korea), SPECIES: 504 (12 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: This group is widely distributed all over the world. KEY REFERENCES: Borchmann (1936), Watt (1974, 1992), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Masumoto (1987), Doyen et al. (1989), Arnett et al. (2002). Key to the tribes of Korean Lagriinae 1. Elytra with strial punctures 2 Elytra without strial punctures 3 2. Body gourd-shaped, wingless, strongly constricted in middle Laenini Body cylindrical and elongate, winged (Anisostira) Lagriini 3. Abdominal defensive glands entirely lacking Goniaderini Abdominal defensive glands open between sternites 7 and Last antennomere of male elongate, much longer than two preceding combined (all genera, except Anisostira) Lagriini Last antennomere of male shorter than two preceding combined Lupropini

19 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 11 Tribe Laenini Seidlitz, 1896 Laenina Seidlitz, 1896: 669. Body gourd-shaped, strongly constricted in middle. Elytra with strial punctures, strongly sculptured. Abdominal defensive glands lacking. Type genus: Laena Dejean, 1821: 64. NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 3 (1 in Korea). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 266 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Europe. KEY REFERENCES: Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Chûjô (1982), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998). REMARKS: Laenini certainly appear to be the sister-group of Adeliini, since they are similar in all respects other than absence defensive glands. It is theoretically possible that Laenini evolved fom Adeliini by the total loss of the glands (Adeliini have glands between sterinites 8 and 9), and the two tribe could be united, but their geopraphical separation makes it more likely that they are sistergroups descended from an ancestor that had defensive glands between sternites 7 and 8 but not 8 and 9. Genus Laena Dejean, 1821 Laena Dejean, 1821: 64. Catolaena Reitter, 1900: 282. Ebertius Jedlička, 1965: 98. Laena Latreille, 1829: 39. Psilolaena Heller, 1923: 70. Body strongly constricted between fore and hind parts. Elytra with setiferous umblicate pores. Femora often angulate or spined (Masumoto, 1996). Type species: Scaurus viennensis J. Sturm, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: more than 260 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Europe. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982, 1992), Masumoto (1990, 1996), Schawaller (1995), Matthews (1998). REMARK: Members of Laena are usually found under leaf litter in temperate broadleaved forests. This genus including more than described 260 species is widely distributed in Asia and Europe (Löbl et al., 2008). It occurs from the central ranges of the Malay Peninsula (Schawaller 1995) westward through the Himalayas, where most species are found, to south-eastern Europe and was included in Lacordaire s (1859) original adeliides.

20 12 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles 1. Laena chejuana M.T. Chûjô, 1992 [fig. 1 in pls. I, VIII] Laena chejuana M.T. Chûjô, 1992: 41; Kim, 1996: 8; Kim, 2002a: 225; Kim, 2002b: 263; Löbl et al., 2008: 108. Body length mm. Body brown to blackish brown, shining, gourd-shaped, strongly constricted in middle, with yellow long hairs. Head convex, with sparse and large punctures; occiput densely and strongly rugose; frons with sparse and distinctive punctures; ocular distance about 5 times wider than eye diameter; eyes circular and rimmed; antennae moniliform, with long yellow hairs; antennomere 1 stout, 2 cylindrical, 3 to 10 circular, 6 to 11 gradually thickened, apical antennomere ovate; antennomere 2 almost equal to antennomere 3 and 4; clypeus trapezoidally produced anteriad, strongly punctate at lateral part; frontoclypeal suture strongly depressed; gena obliquely and roundly expanded; labrum nearly quadrate, frontal angles rounded, strongly and sparsely punctate; mandible hook-shaped, strongly produced anteriad; apical maxillary palpomere nearly triangular, crescent-shaped. Pronotum roundly convex, with sparse and strong punctures; front margin nearly straight; lateral margins arcuately expanded anteriad, narrowed posteriad, and thinly rimmed; basal margin arched posteriad, and thinly rimmed; scutellum with dense and distinctive punctures, mostly covered by basal part of pronotum. Elytra strongly convex, punctate-striae; strial punctures deep and sparse; intervals weakly convex, with sparse and fine punctures; base strongly constricted behind basal part of pronotum, gradually enlarged and widest at middle, then narrowed to apex; lateral margins not visible dorsally. All femora with shallow groove, and with large spine at basal 5/7; fore femora with sharp spine on dorsal edge of femoral groove, middle and hind femora with sharp spines on ventral edge of groove; all tibiae weakly curved inwards at basal part, and gradually enlarged apically; all tarsi simple. Prosternal process narrowed at basal half, dilated and rounded apically; mesoventrite without mesosternal groove, densely punctate at middle; metaventrite strongly punctate along mesocoxal cavities. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (endemic). KOREA: CN, GB. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [CN] 2, 1, Cheongyang-gun, 18.vi.1999, SW Park; [GB] 1, Mt. Baekdusan, Churyeong, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, 25.ix.2001, YB Lee. Tribe Goniaderini Lacordaire, 1859 Goniadérides Lacordaire, 1859: 390. Phobéliides Lacordaire, 1859: 393. Phobeliina Ardoin, 1961: 33. Abdominal membranes present. Defensive glands absent. Aedeagus not inverted. Ovipositor reduced with paraprocts subquadrate or oval and basal coxite lobes fused. Coxite lobe 4 digitate. Type genus: Goniadera Perty, 1832 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 1 (1 in Korea).

21 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 13 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 5 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic Region (Korea, Nepal, Taiwan, China), Oriental Region, Afrotropical region, Neotropical Region. KEY REFERENCES: Kaszab (1968), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998), Arnett et al. (2002). Genus Anaedus Blanchard, 1843 Anaedus Blanchard, 1843: 198. Body moderate to small in size, elongate, winged and moderately punctate. Antennae gradually expanded to apex. Labrum subquadrate. Mandibles sometimes elongate, with long and highly asymmetrical molar lobes. Pronotum with margins, sometimes denticulate or laterally expanded. Penultimate tarsomere weakly to strongly bilobed. Abdominal defensive glands absent. Intersternal membrane of abdomen exposed. Type species: Anaedus punctatissimus Blanchard, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 5 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic Region (Korea, Nepal, Taiwan, Sichuan), Oriental Region, Afrotropical region, Neotropical Region. KEY REFERENCES: Kaszab (1968), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998); Arnett et al. (2002). 2. Anaedus mroczkowskii Kaszab, 1968 [fig. 2 in pls. I, VIII] Anaedus mroczkowskii Kaszab, 1968: 10; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Chûjô and Lee, 1994: 187; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 107. Body length mm. Body oblong-oval, brown to blackish brown, shining and hairy. Head smooth on frons; lateral part and clypeus coarsely rugulose and densely punctate; occiput with small, dense punctures and rugulose; frons with two oblique raised lines posteriad and median raised line; ocular distance about twice wider than eye diameter; eyes transverse, not emarginate, and thinly rimmed; antennae moniliform, antennomere 3 to 5 cylindrical, 6 to 11 spherical; apical antennomere ovate; antennomere 3 almost equal to antennomere 4; clypeus depressed, with long hairs; frontoclypeal suture arched anteriad, clypeal anterior margin straight; labrum nearly square, with rugulose punctures and long hairs; apical maxillary palpomere nearly triangular, crescentshaped. Pronotum omega (Ω) shaped, convex, except lateral part, with median raised longitudinal line; rugulose partially, and densely, coarsely, largely punctate; all margins thinly rimmed; anterior margin arched anteriad; lateral margins gradually narrowed anteriad, and sinuate posteriad with long hairs; basal margin sinuous, hind angles sharp. Scutellum triangular, with sparse punctures. Elytra weakly convex, with dense punctures and rugulose; without strial punctures, parallel-sided,

22 14 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles gradually narrowed from apical 1/3 to apex; lateral margins serrated from elytral base to basal 1/5. All tibia weakly enlarged apically; all tarsi lobed, with dense seta ventrally. Procoxae projecting, separated by gourd-shaped prosternal process. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Antennomere 3 and 4 thick (length: width = 5:3); antennomere 3 about three times longer than antennomere 2. Female: Antennomere 3 and 4 thinner than on male (length:width = 5:2); antennomere 3 about four times longer than antennomere 2. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (endemic; incl. Jejudo, N. Korea). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, CN, JB, JN, GB, GN. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Mt. Odaesan, Pyeongchang-gun, 9.viii.1994, HS Eom; 1, Mt. Chiaksan, Weonju-si, 14.viii.1999, DS Ku; 1, Mt. Obongsan, Chuncheon-si, 18.v.2001, HS Eom; [GG] 1, Galhyeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, 3.viii.1981, HY Jeong; 1, Gangnam-gu, 18.viii.1981, EY Lee; 1, Goyang-si, 15.iv.1984, MY Chae; 1, Mt. Suraksan, Noweon-gu, 9.v.1984, KO Oh; 1, Temp. Seungasa, Jongno-gu, 28.vii.1984, SE Kim; 2, Eommi-ri, Gwangju-si, 15.ix.1984, JI Kim; 1, Mt. Yongmasan, Dongdaemun-gu, 1.v.1985, YS Kim; 1, Mt. Yongmasan, Dongdaemun-gu, 1.vi.1986, YS Kim; 1, Muak-dong, Jongno-gu, 27.viii.1986, KJ Lee; 2, Eunhaeng-dong, Seongnamsi, 2.ix.1986, SE Joh et al.; 1, 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 25.iv.1987, SY Kim et al.; 1, Mok-dong, Gangseo-gu, 28.v.1987, JM Park; 1, 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Gwacheon-si, 27.viii.1989, YJ Choi; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 12.v.1990, EJ Joh; 1, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 5.ix.1990, MS Lee; 1, Namhansanseong, Hanam-si, 20.v.1993, JS Yang; 1, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 29.viii.1993, SY Kim; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 28.v.1994, EM Kim; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 23.viii.1995, EM Park; 1, Suyu-dong, Gangbuk-gu, 26.viii.1995, MS Ham; 1, Amsa-dong, Gangdong-gu, 29.viii.1995, SE Joh; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 6.vi.1996, HJ Hong; 1, Mt. Buramsan, Namyangju-si, 9.vi.1996, JI Kim; 1, Mt. Gwanaksan, Gwanak-gu, 30.vii.1996, HJ Hong; 1, Mt. Daemosan, Gangnsm-gu, 4.viii.1996, SJ Lee; 1, Mangweon-dong, Mapo-gu, 29.viii.1996, IH Eom; 1, Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, 14.v.1997, DW Kim; 1, Wonji-dong, Seocho-gu, 1.v.1998, KS Jang; 1, Mt. Umyeonsan, Seocho-gu, 5.v.1998, SK Oh; 2, 2, Mt. Suraksan, Noweon-gu, 9.v. 1998, SK Oh et al.; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 15.v.1999, HJ Kim; 1, Namhansanseong, Seongnam-si, 23.v.1999, K Min; 2, Mt. Cheongryongsan, Namyangju-si, 10.viii.1999, Kim et al.; 1, Mt. Bukhansan, 9.vi.2002, AY Kim; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 23.v.2004, JE Ban; 1, Geumeu-ri, Hwaseong-si, 24.v.2004, SI Kim; 1, Sinjeong-dong, Yangcheon-gu, 13.v.??, HS Kim; [CB] 1, Baegok-myeon, Jincheon-gun, 1.viii.1996, EJ Im; [CN] 1, Mt. Seobongsan, Asan-si, 15.ix.1985, JU Lee; 1, Deoksangongwon, Yesan-gun, 19.viii.1997, TH Kang; 1, 1, Cheongyang-gun, 18.vi. 1999, SW Park; [JB] 1, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, 26.vii.1996, MS Choi; [JN] 1, Mt. Jogyesan, Sunchen-si, 23.v.1988, SR Lee; 1, 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 29.vii.1998, SW Park; 1, Chusan-ri, Gwangyang-si, 30.vii.1998, SW Park; [GB]: 1, Mungyeongsaejae, Mungyeong-si, 11.vii. 1977, CK Song; [GN] 1, Haeundae, Busan-si, 20.viii.1995, HS Eom; 1, Oido-dong, Geoje-si, 3.vii. 1999, JW Mok. ECOLOGY: This species has been found in leaf litter or under bark.

23 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 15 Tribe Lupropini Ardoin, 1958 Lupropsini Ardoin, 1958: 59. Lupropina Ardoin, 1961: 33. Defensive glands absent (except Luprops). Elytra not striate. Tarsi densely pubescent beneath, penultimate tarsomere broader than preceding. Ovipositor elongate and slender, with coxite lobe 4 digitate and gonostyle large. Larvae either onisciform, living on surfaces or in the leaf litter or under bark (Luprops), or elongate, living in rotten wood (Lorelus and Iscanus). Type genus: Luprops Hope, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 7 (2 in Korea). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 28 (4 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental, Australian-Pacific and Afrotropical Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Watt (1974), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998). Key to the genera of Korean Lupropini 1. Legs not modified for digging in sand; tibiae slightly enlarged to apex Luprops Hope Legs modified for digging in sand; fore tibiae strongly enlarged apically Micropedinus Lewis Genus Luprops Hope, 1833 Luprops Hope, 1833: 63. Oligorus Dejean, 1834: 206. Syggona Fåhraeus, 1870: 330. Etazeta Fairmaire, 1889: 358. Antennae distinctly longer than head width. Elytra without strial punctures and not strongly sculptured. Legs not modified for digging in sand. Tarsi densely pubescent beneath, with penultimate tarsomere broader than apical tarsomere. Defensive glands open between sternites 7 and 8. Spermathecal tube absent. Type species: Luprops chrysophthalmus Hope, NUMBER OF SPECIES: 15 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical Region. KEY REFERENCES: Watt (1974), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998). REMARKS: Larvae live on surfaces or in leaf litter or under bark.

24 16 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Key to the species of Korean Luprops 1. Body with weak, dense punctures. Anterior angle of pronotum rounded; lateral margins smooth L. orientalis Body with coarse, rugose punctures. Anterior angle of pronotum angulate; lateral margins weakly serrate L. cribrifrons 3. Luprops orientalis (Motschulsky, 1868) [fig. 3 in pls. I, VIII] Anaedus orientalis Motschulsky, 1868: 195. Luprops sinensis Marseul, 1876a: 126 (Lyprops); Kolbe, 1886: 210; Paik, 1936: 120; ZSK, 1968: 112; Chu, 1969: 123; Kaszab, 1968: 10; Masumoto and Kondo, 1984: 19; Kim and Lee, 1991: 49; Kim, 1996: 8; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Kim, 2002: 225. Luprops orientalis: Kaszab, 1983: 137; Chûjô, 1985: 87; Kim et al., 1991: 163; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 119. Lagria sinensis (misprint of Luprops sinensis): Kim et al., 1994: 176. Body length mm. Body elongate, slightly widening posteriorly, brownish red to reddish brown. Head with regular, fine punctures and weakly rugose; ocular distance about twice wider than eye diameter; frons with impression at middle; eyes expanded laterad; ocular canthi blunt, projected upward; antennae moniliform, dilated from antennomere 6 to apex; antennomere 3 twice longer than 2, about 1.3 times longer or equal to antennomere 4; apical antennomere oval-oblong, about twice longer than antennomere 10; frontoclypeal suture transverse and widely grooved; clypeal anterior margin weakly curved posteriad; labrum almost quadrate, bisinuous at margin; apical maxillary palpomere securiform. Pronotum weakly convex and with oval impression at middle; with moderate, regular punctures; all margins very thinly rimmed; anterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded; lateral margins gently expanded at middle; posterior angles weakly angulate. Scutellum almost quadrate, rounded at posterior margin. Elytra weakly convex, without striae, with moderate, coarse punctures, weakly rugose, bearing soft hairs; subparallel-sided, gradually widening to apical 1/3 and roundly arched to apex. All tibia swollen at middle; tibiae enlarged to apex, with golden setae ventrally and laterally; all tarsi with dense and golden setae; penultimate tarsomeres lobed ventrally. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Asia (including Japan, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Nepal etc). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, CN, JB, JN, GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1ex, Yongdae-ri, Inje-gun, 26.v.1983, JI Kim; 3exs, Mt. Chiaksan, Weonju-si, 10.vi.1988, HH Park; 1ex, Mt. Chiaksan, Weonju-si, 11.vi.1988, PC M; 1ex, Ganseong-eup, Goseong-gun, 10.vii.1990, HC Park; 6exs, Gangchon, Chuncheon-si, 17.vi.1994, HS Eom; 1ex, Hongcheon-gun, 3.vii.1996, EJ Song; 1ex, Uiamho, Chuncheon-si, 23.v.1998, HH Lee; 1ex, Changwon-ri, Yeongwol-gun, 7.ix.1998, SS Jang; 1ex, Mt. Gujeolsan, Chuncheon-si, 9.vii.1999, COXA; 1ex, Gangchon, Chuncheon-si, 15.ix.1999, SJ Ye; 1ex, Samcheon-dong, Chuncheon-si, 24.v.2002, TW Kim; 1ex, Cheongok-dong, Donghae-si, 23.v.1998, HH Lee; [GG] 1ex, Jingwannae-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, 20.v. 1976, WD Han; 1ex, Seoul, 13.vii.1976; 1ex, Mt Geomdansan, Hanam-si, 12.vi.1977, HG Lee; 2exs, Jangwi-dong, Seongbuk-gu, 23.vi.1980, JI Kim; 1ex, Ongjin-gun, Deokjeok-myeon, Incheon-si, 5.vii.

25 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae , GS Jang; 1ex, Seopo-ri, Deokjeokdo, Incheon-si, 5.vii.1981, JI Kim; 1ex, Seopo-ri, Deokjeokdo, Incheon-si, 6.vii.1981, GS Jang; 1ex, Ongjin-gun, Deokjeok-myeon, Incheon-si, 7.vii.1981, HG Park; 1ex, Jeongreung, Seongbuk-gu, 16.viii.1981, HS Jeong; 1ex, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 5.vi.1982, HS Kim; 8exs, Myeongil-dong, Gangdong-gu, 28.vi.1982, JI Kim; 1ex, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 13.ix.1982, HJ Kim; 1ex, Wolgye-dong, Seongbuk-gu, 10.v.1983, JI Kim; 1ex, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 14.v.1983, YJ Kim; 1ex, Mt. Chungryeongsan, Namyangju-si, 15.v.1983, JB Lee; 1ex, Seongnam-si, 29.v. 1983, HG Han; 1ex, Hyoja-dong, Goyang-si, 14.v.1984, HJ Yoo; 1ex, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, 7.x.1984, JS Park; 1ex, Gweonseon-gu, Suweon-si, 8.x.1984, CH Heo; 1ex, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 15.v. 1985, K Park; 1ex, Aengmubong, Paju-si, 22.v.1985, TY Mun; 1ex, Weonji-dong, Seocho-gu, 1.vi.1985, OJ Lee; 1ex, Palya-ri, Namyangju-si, 3.v.1986, EY Choi; 1ex, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 1.vi.1986, SJ Lee; 1ex, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 18.iv.1987, HJ Kim; 1ex, Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, 8.v.1987, SR Lee; 1ex, Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, 8.v.1987, SR Lee; 1ex, Suweon-si, 16.v.1987, SK Cho; 1ex, Suweonsi, 19.v.1987, UT Lim; 2exs, Anyang-si, 20.v.1987, Lee; 1ex, Suweon-si, 22.v.1987, LH S; 2exs, Suweonsi, 24.v.1987, UT Lim; 1ex, Unjeong-dong, Seongnam-si, 11.vi.1987, YR Lee; 1ex, Suweon-si, 11.vi.1987, LH S; 1ex, Suweon-si, 12.vi.1987, CJ U; 1ex, Seopo-ri, Deokjeokdo, Incheon-si, 6.vii.1987, HG Park; 1ex, Anyang-si, 21.v.1988, LT H; 2exs, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 5.vi.1988, SB C; 1ex, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobonggu, 3.ix.1988, YS Shin; 1ex, Mt. Padalsan, Suweon-si, 5.v.1989, YJ Choi; 1ex, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Gapyeong-gun, 31.vii.1989, SH Jeon; 1ex, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 2.viii.1989, JH Hwang; 1ex, Suweon-si, 26.iii.1990, YS Son; 1ex, Suweon-si, 18.iv.1990, KI T; 1ex, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 5.v. 1990, LJ H; 1ex, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, 8.v.1990, BJ Oh; 1ex, Weonji-dong, Seocho-gu, 2.vi.1990, IH Lee; 1ex, Weoncheon-dong, Suweon-si, 12.vi.1990, Z C; 1ex, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 20.v.1991, SJ Lee; 1ex, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 22.v.1991, KH Han; 1ex, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Gapyeong-gun, 18.vi.1991, KD Han; 2exs, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Gapyeong-gun, 19.vi.1991, PS S; 2exs, Mt. Baegunsan, Pocheon-si, 22.vi.1991, PS M; 1ex, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 26.vi.1991, SW Park; 1ex, Anyang-si, 27.vi.1991, ML K; 1ex, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 17.v.1992, H K; 1ex, Bokjeong-dong, Seongnam-si, 26.v. 1992, CE J; 1ex, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 30.v.1992, MY Park; 1ex, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 4.vi.1992, CY J; 1ex, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 14.vi.1992, HJ Jeong; 1ex, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 21.vi.1992, PS I; 1ex, Mok-dong, Yangcheon-gu, 10.vii.1993, MA Jang; 1ex, Mt. Daemosan, Gangnam-gu, 20.vii.1993, YJ Kang; 2exs, Suweon-si, 11.vii.1994, HJ Kim; 1ex, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, 16.v.1995, MR Yoon; 1ex, Sudong-myeon, Namyangju-si, 28.vi.1995, TK Kim; 1ex, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 13.viii.1995, MS Ham; 3exs, Seodun-dong, Suweon-si, 10.x.1995, MP Jeong; 1ex, Temp. Bogwangsa, Paju-si, 12.v.1996, YS Joh; 1ex, Bono-dong, Ansan-si, 23.v.1996, EJ Heo; 2ex, Gwangju-si, 24.vi.1996, DJ Kang; 1ex, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, 25.vi.1996, JH Kim; 1ex, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 13.viii.1996, DJ Kang; 1ex, Mt. Gaehwasan, Gangseo-gu, 30.viii.1996, JH Song; 1ex, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 1.v.1997, JH Shin; 1ex, Namhansanseong, Seongnam-si, 11.v.1997, JS Jang; 1ex, Yeoncheon-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, 18.v.1997, EA Kim; 1ex, Mt. Samgaksan, Jongno-gu, 31.v.1997, HJ Im; 1ex, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 17.vi.1997, JY Kim; 1ex, Seongbuk-gu, 20.iv.1998, JW Mok; 1ex, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 30.iv.1998, Kang and Han; 2exs, Giheung-eup, Yongin-si, 7.v.1998, YJ Shin; 1ex, Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, 15.vi.1998, TW Kim; 1ex, Macheon-dong, Songpa-gu, 23.vi.1988, SM Paek; 1ex, Daeseong-ri, Gapyeong-gun, 5.vi.1999, COXA; 1ex, Seodun-dong, Suweon-si, 11.viii.1999, C Namgung; 4exs, Manan-gu, Anyang-si,, 16.viii.1999, DW Kim; 1ex, Mt. Gyeyangsan, Incheon-si, 20. viii.1999, SI Kim; 1ex, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 4.v.2000, GS Jang; 1ex, Pyeongchang-dong, Jongno-gu, 26.v.2000, SH Hwang; 1ex, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 9.vi.2001, JS Lee; 1ex, Suseodong, Gangnam-gu, 8.vi.2003, SH Park; 2exs, Nam-myeon, Yangju-si, 17.vi.2006, AY Kim; 1ex, Hwadomyeon, Incheon-si, 24.vi.2006, BH Jung; [CB] 1ex, Wonpung-ri, Goesan-gun, 25.vi.1986, SY Park; 1ex, Mt. Songrisan, Boeun-gun, 21.vi.1989, Dept. Biologoy; 3exs, Mt. Woraksan, Jecheon-si, 1.v.1992, RS

26 18 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles K; 1ex, Mt. Woraksan, Jecheon-si, 1.v.1992, DS K; 1ex, Hoenam-myeon, Boeun-gun, 25.v.1996, Dept. Biologoy; 2exs, Danwol-dong, Chungju-si, 5.v.1997, YH Jeon; 3exs, Jungryeong, Danyang-gun, 11.v. 1997, SW Park; 3exs, Danwol-dong, Chungju-si, 5.vi.1997, YH Jeon; 1ex, Danyang-eup, Danyang-gun, 1.ix.1997, KS Woo; 1ex, Mt. Woraksan, Chungju-si, 22.v.1998, Kang and Han; 5exs, Daemun-ri, Jincheon-gun, 7.vii.1998, TM Han; [CN] 1ex, Gongju-si, 8.viii.1982, SH Seok; 5exs, Guseong-ri, Asan-si, 29.v.1993, YS Kim; 2exs, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, 16.vi.1994, JM Park; 2exs, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, 16.vi.1994, SY Kim; 1ex, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, 16.vi.1994, HS Choi; 2exs, Mt. Indalsan, Daejeon-si, 4.v.1997, HJ Im; 2exs, Cheon-dong, Daejeon-si, 11.vii.1997, HJ Im; 2exs, Temp. Muryangsa, Buyeo-gun, 10.vi.1999, Han and Kim; 1ex, Mt. Mansusan, Buyeo-gun, 10.vi. 1999, Han and Kim; 1ex, Mt. Mansusan, Buyeo-gun, 11.vi.1999, SW Park; 1ex, Boryeong-gun, Mt. Mansusan, 12.vi.1999, TW Kim and TM Han; 1ex, Mt. Baekhwasan, Taean-gun, 4.viii.2001, JB Jeon; 2exs, Sambong beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eub, Taean-gun, 6.iv.2005, SY Kim and BH Jung; [JB] 1ex, Seolcheon-myeon, Muju-gun, 12.v.1990, BH Kang; 1ex, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 26.v.1994, YJ Kwon; 1ex, Jinan-gun, 13.v.2001, EJ Kim; [JN] 1ex, Mt. Daedunsan, Haenam-gun, 14.viii.1972, CH Kim; 2exs, Hyangnobong, Haenam-gun, 14.viii.1972, JI Kim; 1ex, Chusan-ri, Gwangyang-si, 18.v. 1981, PY G; 1ex, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, 6.vii.1982, Dept. Biologoy; 31exs, Nohwa-eup, Wandogun, 19.viii.1982, JI Kim and GS Jang; 1ex, Temp. Hwaeomsa, Gurye-gun, 3.v.1984, JH Ko; 1ex, Anmado, Yeonggwang-gun, 19.viii.1984, JI Kim; 1ex, Wolgok-ri, Yeongam-gun, 19.vii.1986, SY Park; 2exs, Temp. Hwaeomsa, Gurye-gun, 22.vi.1987, Dept. Biologoy; 1ex, Temp. Hwaeomsa,Gurye-gun, 22.vi.1987, SY Ku; 1ex, Damyang-gun, 21.v.1988, ML K; 2exs, Anmado, Yeonggwang-gun, 19.vii. 1989, OJ Lee; 2exs, Anmado, Yeonggwang-gun, 19.viii.1989, JI Kim; 8exs, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 23.iv.1991, PC M et al.; 1ex, Sandong-myeon, Gurye-gun, 24.vi.1993, JH Kim; 1ex, Temp. Baegyangsa, Jangseong-gun, 24.v.1994, MJ Shin; 8exs, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 23.vi.1995, Shin et al.; 1ex, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 29.v.1997, JB Park; 1ex, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 13.vi.1997, OK Jun; 1ex, Chusan-ri, Gwangyang-si, 28.vii.1998, DR Seo; 1ex, Sandong-myeon, Gurye-gun, 9.vii.2001, JB Jeon; [GB] 1ex, Mt. Baekamsan, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1992, YH Kim; 1ex, Mungyeongsaejae, Mungyeongsi, 26.v.1996, HY Lee; 1ex, Mt. Cheongryansan, Andong-si, 14.vi.1996, KS Shin; 1ex, Buryeonggegok, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1999, YH Kim; 1ex, Temp. Buryeongsa, Uljin-gun, 2.viii.1999, Kim et al.; 1ex, Mt. Geumosan, Gumi-si, 19.vii.2000, JI Kim and AY Kim; 1ex, Mt. Geumosan, Gumi-si, 19.vii.2006, AY Kim; [GN] 1ex, Mt. Baegunsan, Hamyang-gun, 1.vi.1988, GS L; [JJ] 1ex, Hanrim-eup, Bukjejugun, 6.v.1978, SH Nam; 1ex, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 12.vi.1983, KS Eom; 1ex, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 12.vii.1983, GS Im; 2exs, Jeju-si, 13.vii.1983; 2exs, Mt. Sanbangsan, Namjeju-gun, 1.v.2004, JG Kim and TW Kim; 1ex, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 12.vii.2004, HC Park; 3exs, Aewoleup, Bukjeju-gun, 4.vi.2006, AY Kim; 1ex, Seosa-myeon, 10.vi.1979, KS Woo. REMARKS: It is most abundant in crevices, under leaf litter, in dead stems of Batatas edulus, which is often hung up in trees to dry in both China (Jiangzhi and Fujian) and Japan (Lewis, 1984). Lagria sinensis (Kim et al., 1994) is a non-existing scientific name, it is perhaps a misprint of Luprops sinensis. This species can be distinguished from L. cribrifrons as follows (Table 1).

27 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 19 Table 1. Differences between Luprops orientalis and Luprops cribrifrons L. orientalis L. cribrifrons punctures of body moderate, regular, sparser coarse, rugulose, denser, large hairs in punctures soft stiff maxillary palpomere 4 moderate securiform wide securiform scutellum almost quadrate wide triangular anterior margin of pronotum almost straight arcuately emarginate anterior angle of pronotum rounded angulate lateral margins of pronotum smooth weakly serrate elytra regularly punctate, irregularly punctate, with traces of striae without traces of striae elytral ratio of length and width about 1.63 about Luprops cribrifrons Marseul, 1876 [fig. 4 in pl. II] Lyprops cribrifrons Marseul, 1876a: 125; Chûjô and Lee, 1994: 187; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 119. Body length mm. Body elongate, weakly dilated apically, brownish red to brownish black. Head with coarse, large, dense punctures and rugose; ocular distance about 1.6 times wider than eye diameter; eyes expanded laterad; ocular canthi blunt, projected upward; antennae moniliform, weakly dilated from antennomere 6 to apex; antennomere 3 about twice longer than 2, and about 0.3 times longer than 4; apical antennomere oval-oblong, about twice longer than antennomere 10; frontoclypeal suture shallowly and arcuately grooved, clypeal anterior margin weakly curved meso-posteriad; labrum almost quadrate; apical maxillary palpomere widely securiform. Pronotum weakly convex, with large, dense punctures and rugose; all margins very thinly rimmed; anterior margin arcuately emarginate, anterior angles angulate; lateral margins almost parallel-sided, weakly serrated, widest at middle; posterior angles weakly angulate. Scutellum widely triangular, rounded at posterior margin. Elytra weakly convex with large, dense, coarse punctures and strongly rugose, without striae, with stiff hairs; subparallel-sided, gradually widened to apical 1/3 and arcuately narrowed to apex. All femora swollen at middle; tibiae widening toward apex, with golden setae ventrally and laterally; all tarsi with dense golden setae; all penultimate tarsomeres lobed ventrally. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (South region incl. Jejudo), Japan, Taiwan, Oriental Region. KOREA: GN. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GN] 2exs, Mt. Palyeongsan, Goheung-gun, 14.v.2008, HC Park at night under the leaf litter. REMARKS: This species is usually found resting under stones (Lewis, 1894) and in leaf litter. It is usually active at night and can be attracted by light.

28 20 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Micropedinus Lewis, 1894 Micropedinus Lewis, 1894: 379. Notoprataeus Carter, 1924: 37. Pronotum with shallow sulcus at prebasal parts. Elytra without strial punctures. Male fore and mid tarsi transverse and wide, enlarged from second to third tarsomeres. Type species: Micropedinus algae Lewis, NUMBER OF SPECIES: 3 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic (Korea, Japan, Far East, Taiwan, Hongkong) and Oriental Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Lewis (1894), Chûjô (1982), Medvedev (1992), Jung et al. (2009). REMARKS: These species inhabit rotten seaweed on beaches and coastal dunes. Key to the species of Korean Micropedinus 1. Antennomeres loosely articulated; pronotum length: width ratio 0.8 M. pullulus Antennomeres closely articulated; pronotum length: width ratio 0.7 M. pallidipennis 5. Micropedinus pullulus (Boheman, 1858) [fig. 5 in pls. II, VIII] Heterophaga pullulus Boheman, 1858: 94. Micropedinus algae Lewis, 1894: 379; Kim, 1981: 61; Kim, 1983a: 77; Kim, 1983b: 159; Kim and Yoo, 1987: 213; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Jung et al., 2009: 146. Micropedinus pullulus: Löbl et al., 2008: 119. Body length mm. Body elongate, parallel-sided, reddish black to yellowish brown and weakly glossy. Head with coarse punctures at anterior part, densely rugose at basal part; antennae moniliform, gradually widening from antennomere 7 to apex; antennomeres loosely articulated; apical maxillary palpomere securiform; apical labial palpomere cylindrical. Pronotum with coarse hoofshaped punctures; lateral margins almost parallel-sided; basal margin with two shallow and short impressions. Elytra elongate, with dense and coarse punctures gradually disappearing from middle to apex, not forming striae. Secondary sexual characteristics: Male fore tibiae strongly widened apically; fore and mid tarsi widened from tarsomere 2 to 3, with dense setae ventrally. Female fore tibiae weakly dilated apically; fore and mid tarsi almost straight from tarsomere 2 to 3, with coarse setae ventrally. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Asia (Russian Far East, Taiwan, Japan, Hongkong). KOREA: GG, CN, JN, GB. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GG] 1, Is. Baiknyeong-do, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, 5.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; [CN] 7exs, Gijipo beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eub, Taean-gun, 9.vii.2005, Kim et al. ex sand dune; 1ex, Wonsando beach, Is. Wonsan-do, Ocheon-myeon, Boryeong-si, 11.v.2007, HC Park and BH Jung ex in the seaweed on beach flat; [JN] 2, Is. Uooyi-do, Sinan-gun, 21.vii.1979, JI Kim ex sand

29 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 21 dune; 1, 1, Heochonmyoen Boseong-gun, 19.vii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 3, 3, Is. Cheongsando, Wando-gun, 20.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 1, 1, Is. Bogildo, Wando-gun, 21.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 1, Is. Gwanmaido, Jindo-gun, 29.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 1, Jindo-gun, 27.vii.1983, JI Kim ex sand dune; [GB] 1ex, Weolsongjeong beach, Pyeonghae-eup, 26.iv.2006, BH Jung ex the seafood on the flat beach. REMARKS: This species inhabits beaches and coastal dunes. We frequently collected it under seaweed and shellfish in varying states of decay in all areas of coastal dunes in Korea. 6. Micropedinus pallidipennis Lewis, 1984 [fig. 6 in pls. II, VIII] Micropedinus pallidipennis Lewis, 1894: 377; Kim, 1981: 61; Kim and Chang, 1982, 161; Kim, 1983a: 77; Kim, 1983b: 159; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kim, 1995b: 129; Löbl et al., 2008: 119; Jung et al., 2009: 146. Microlyprops maderi Kaszab, 1940: 154. Body length mm. Body elongate, parallel-sided, reddish black to yellowish brown and weakly glossy. Head with coarse punctures at anterior part, and densely rugose at basal part; antennae moniliform, gradually widening from antennomere 7 to apex; antennomeres closely articulated; apical maxillary palpomere securiform; apical labial palpomere cylindrical. Pronotum with coarse punctures; lateral margins almost parallel-sided; basal margin with two shallow and short impressions; pronotum length to width ratio 0.7. Elytra elongate, with dense and coarse punctures, not forming striae, gradually disappearing from middle to apex. Secondary sexual characteristics: Male fore tibiae strongly widened apically; fore and mid tarsi widened from tarsomere 2 to 3, with dense setae ventrally. Female fore tibiae weakly dilated apically; fore and mid tarsi almost straight from tarsomere 2 to 3 with coarse setae ventrally. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Asia (Russian Far East, Taiwan, Japan, East China), Oriental Region. KOREA: GW, GG, CN, JB, JN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Mangsang-dong, Donghai-si, 6.i.1980, JI Kim ex sand dune; [GG] 1, Is. Baikryeongdo, Ongjin-gun, Incheon, 27.vii.1987, JI Kim ex sand dune; [CN] 6, Sinhab-ri, Seochon-gun, 11.x.1981, JI Kim ex sand dune; [JB] 1, Baikryeon-ri, Buan-gun, 9.x.1981, JI Kim ex sand dune; [JN] 2, Is. Cheongsando, Wando-gun, 28.v.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 2, Is. Bogildo, Wando-gun, 20.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 1, 2, Is. Bogildo, Wando-gun, 21.viii. 1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; 9, 3, Is. Gwanmaido, Jindo-gun, 29.viii.1982, JI Kim ex sand dune; [JJ] 20, 20, Sinyang beach, Seongsan-eub, 22.vi.2012, BH Jung and JB Seung in the seaweed on the flat beach. REMARKS: This species is very similar to Micropedinus pullulus. However, it is smaller and brownish black; in particular, its elytra are mostly pale brown or variable in colour. This species is frequently collected under seaweed and shellfish in varying states of decay.

30 22 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Tribe Lagriini Latreille, 1825 Lagriariae Latreille, 1825: 381. Loubacantini Bonadona, 1959: Body elongate, cylindrical or slightly flattened. Hindwings present. Head prominently prognathous. Antennae filiform, apical antennomere often elongate and slender, equal to or longer than antennomeres 9 and 10 combined. Labrum elongate. Pronotum narrower than elytral base. Lateral sides of pronotum rounded. Procoxae strongly projecting, widely or very narrowly separated by prosternal process. Penultimate tarsal segment lobed below. Defensive glands present on sternites 7 8. Type genus: Lagria Fabricius, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 26 (5 in Korea). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 117 (6 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical, Neotropical, Nearctic and Australian Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Borchmann (1911), Borchmann (1936), Watt (1974), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Masumoto (1987), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998), Arnett et al. (2002), Jung and Kim (2009). REMARKS: Lagriini are especially numerous in the tropics, and are not very well represented in temperate regions (Watt, 1974; Arnett et al., 2002 ). Key to the genera of Korean Lagriini 1. Elytra with doubled rows of strial punctures, with a few erect hairs; body cylindrical Anisostira Borchmann Elytra without striae, with dense decumbent pubescence or seemingly glabrous; body more or less flattened 2 2. Fore coxae separated by wide prosternal process; epipleura narrow and reaching apex Arthromacra Kirby Fore coxae subcontiguous, prosternal process very narrow; epipleura broad in front and not reaching apex 3 3. Antenna simple in both sexes, male apical antennomere much longer than preceding Lagria Fabricius Antenna of male strongly distorted, antennomeres 4 7 deformed, antennomeres 6 or 7 toothlike, 8 narrower, 9 extended tooth-like, apical antennomere much longer than preceding Cerogria Borchmann Genus Lagria Fabricius, 1775 Lagria Fabricius 1775: 124. Lachna Billberg, 1820: 35.

31 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 23 Body elongate, slightly flattened. Hind wing present. Head prominently prognathous. Antennae filiform, apical antennomere often elongate and slender, equal to or longer than antennomeres 9 and 10 combined. Labrum elongate. Pronotum narrower than elytral base. Lateral sides of pronotum rounded. Procoxae strongly projecting, subcontiguous. Penultimate tarsal segment lobed below. Type species: Chysomela hirta Linnnaeus, 1758 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 40 (2 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental, Afrotropical and Australian Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Kôno (1929), Borchmann (1936), Watt (1974), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Masumoto (1987), Doyen et al. (1989), Matthews (1998), Arnett et al. (2002), Jung and Kim (2009). REMARKS: Species of this genus are numerous in the Old World. Key to the species of Korean Lagria 1. Male: Ocular distance about 1.4 times wider than diameter of eye; antennae almost reaching half of elytra; length of apical antennomere about 1/2 of antennomeres 1 to 10 combined. Female: Pronotum equal in length and width; elytra slightly widened toward apex L. rufipennis Male: Ocular distance about 1.6 times wider than diameter of eye; antennae reaching 1/3 of elytra; length of apical antennomere about 1/3 of antennomeres 1 to 10 combined. Female: Pronotum wider than long; elytra strongly widened toward apex L. nigricollis 7. Lagria nigricollis Hope, 1843 [fig. 7 in pls. III, VIII] Lagria nigricollis Hope, 1843: 63; Cho, 1934: 75; Mochizuki and Tsumekawa, 1937: 75; Cho, 1955: 213; Cho, 1963: 207; Chu, 1969: 123; Masumoto, 1987: 42; Medvedev, 1992: 621; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 115; Jung and Kim, 2009: 275. Lagria picea Brancsik, 1914: 58. Lagria subtilipunctata Seidlitz, 1898: 340. Body length mm. Body gradually widening toward apex; head, pronotum, scutellum and legs brownish black with brown hairs, elytra yellowish brown with yellow hairs. Head rounded diamond in shape, sparsely and coarsely rugose; frons densely rugose, with oval impression; eyes strongly convex, expanded laterad, reniform, strongly emarginate, thinly rimmed; antennae filiform; antennomere 3 almost equal to 4 in length; clypeus strongly depressed, with long hairs; frontoclypeal suture deep, clypeal anterior margin truncate; labrum bisinuous; apical maxillary palpomere cylindrical-triangular, widened apically and obliquely truncate. Pronotum almost cylindrical, strongly, coarsely, densely and largely punctate; convex, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrowed at basal 1/3; with coarse punctures at middle; all margins very thinly rimmed, basal and anterior margins straight. Scutellum widely tongue-shaped with dense punctures. Elytra convex, with irregular punctures and rugose; parallel-sided, gradually widened toward apical 1/3 then narrowed to apex; elytral base about 1.6 times wider than base of pronotum. All tibiae gradually widening apically; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally.

32 24 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Frons weakly rugose; ocular distance about 1.6 times wider than eye diameter; eyes extremely large, strongly convex laterad; antennomere 3 about 1.7 times longer than 2; apical antennomere long and thin, 5 times longer than 10; all tibiae weakly curved inward. Female: Frons strongly rugose; ocular distance about 3.5 times wider than eye diameter; eyes small; antennomere 3 about 2.8 times longer than 2; apical antennomere long and thin, about 2.5 times longer than antennomere 10; tibiae not curved inward. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China, Russia (Far East). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, JB, JN, GB, GN. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Mt. Seoraksan, 16.viii.1971; 1, Mt. Odaesan, Pyeongchanggun, 21.vii.1974; 1, 2, Temp. Samwhasa, Donghae-si, 27.vi.1984, SS Jeong and WH Kim; 1, Haksapyeong, Sokcho-si, 3.vii.1984, SY Yang; 1, Jinbu-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, 30.vi.1985, KH Shin; 1, 2, Haanmi-ri, Pyeonchang-gun, 1.vii.1985, Yoon et al.; 3, Sodo-dong, Taebaek-si, 22.vii.1986, GS Jang and JI Kim; 1, Hongcheon-eup, Hongcheon-gun, 28.vii.1987, JH Jeong; 1, Ganhyeon-myeon, Yangyang-gun, 7.viii.1993, EH Kim; 1, 1, Daegwanryeong, 24.vii.1994; 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Wonju-si, 5.vii.1996, JI Kim; 1, Sinbuk-eup, Chuncheon-si, 10.viii.1998, SS Jang; 1, Mt. Chiaksan, Wonju-si, 19.vi.1999, Dept. Environment; 1, Wonju-si, 29.vi.2000, HB Kim; 1, Mt. Odaesan, Pyeongchang-gun, 21.vii.2002, SJ Jang; 1, Podong-ri, Hoengseong-gun, 19.vi.2005, BH Jung; 1, Mt. Yeonyeopsan, Chuncheon-si, 6.vii.2006, TW Kim; [GG] 1, 1, Suweonsi, 26.vi.1974, JC Park; 1, Mt. Achasan, Gwangjjn-gu, 5.vii.1980, SH Kim; 1, 1, Mt. Chungryeongsan, Namyangju-si, 12. viii.1980, GS Jang; 1, Buk-ri, Deokjeok-myeon, Incheon-si, 7.vii.1981, MH Seo; 1, Eungogae, Hanam-si, 18.vi.1983, MH Choi; 1, Gongjureung, Gangbuk-gu, 21.vi.1983, SS Jeong; 1, Hyeon-ri, Gapyeong-gun, 15.ix.1984, SE Lee; 1, Maseok, Namyangju-si, 1.viii.1985, MG Hwang; 1, Gugidong, Jongno-gu, 30.vii.1986, GJ Lee; 1, Suweon-si, 26.vi.1987, YH Ko; 1, Siam-ri, Gimpo-si, 1.vii. 1987, HJ Yoo; 1, Siam-ri, Gimpo-si, 1.vii.1987, JI Kim; 2, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Gapyeong-gun, 7.vi. 1991, JI Kim; 1, Yeongpyeong-ri, Pocheon-si, 20.vii.1996, JI Kim et al.; 1, Mt. Bukhansan, Jongnogu, 5.vii.2006, TW Kim; [CB] 1, Gasan-ri, Danyang-gun, 16.vii.1981, YJ Choi; 1, Wonpung-ri, Goesan-gun, 25.vi.1986, HS Lee; 1, Mt. Songrisan, Boeun-gun, 7.viii.1990, TJ Kim; [JB] 1, Temp. Seonunsa, Gochang-gun, 27.vi.1990, EJ Joh; 1, Namwon-si, 18.viii.1991, DG Park; 1, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 4.vii.2006, DJ Jeon; [JN] 1, Duwon-myeon, Goheung-gun, 7.x.1987, YM Lee; [GB] 2, Mt. Juwangsan, Cheongsong-gun, 29.vii.1983, HG Park; 1, Mt. Juwangsan, Cheongsong-gun, 24.vii.1984, YS Kim; 1, 1, Mt. Juwangsan, Cheongsong-gun, 24.vi.1986, EY Choi and HS Kim; 1, Gwaneum-ri, Mungyeong-si, 18.vii.1986, MS Jeong; 1, 1, Joryong, Mungyeong-si, 22.vi.1989, EJ Jeong; 1, 1, Mt. Eoraesan, Yeongju-si, 30.vi.1998, JI Kim et al.; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 3.vii. 1998, JI Kim et al.; 1, Temp. Baekamsa, Yecheon-gun, 2.viii.1999, JI Kim et al.; 1, Cheongun-ri, Cheongsong-gun, 26.vi.2001, HC Park; [GN] 1, Mt. Gajisan, Ulsan-si, 30.vi. 1930, HJ Kim; 1, Mt. Jirisan, Sancheong-gun, 31.vii.1981, JI Kim. 8. Lagria rufipennis Marseul, 1876 [fig. 8 in pls. III, VIII] Lagria rufipennis Marseul, 1876b: 337; Jung and Kim, 2009: 275. Lagria vervex Marseul, 1876b: 338. Body length mm. Body weakly widening toward apex; head, pronotum, scutellum and

33 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 25 legs brownish black with blackish brown hairs; elytra yellowish to reddish brown with yellow hairs. Head rounded diamond in shape, with coarse and sparse punctures and rugose; frons flat; eyes strongly convex and expand laterad, thinly rimmed; antennae filiform; antennomere 3 about twice longer than 2, almost equal to 4 in length; clypeus strongly depressed, with long hairs; clypeal anterior margin emarginate, V-shaped; apical maxillary palpomere cylindrical-triangular, widened apically and truncate. Pronotum almost cylindrical, with fine and sparse punctures; convex, widest at at apical 1/3, weakly narrowed at basal 1/3; all margins thinly rimmed. Scutellum tongue-shaped with dense punctures. Elytra weakly convex, with fine, dense punctures and rugose; parallelsided, gradually widened toward apical 1/3 then narrowed to apex. All tibiae gradually widening apically; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Ocular distance about 1.4 times wider than eye diameter; eyes extremely large, strongly convex laterad; apical antennomere long and thin, 9 times longer than antennomere 10; all tibiae weakly curved inward. Female: Ocular distance about 2.2 times wider than eye diameter; apical antennomere long and thin, about 3 times longer than antennomere 10; tibiae not curved inward. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China, Russia (Far East). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, JB, JN, GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Temp. Samhwasa, Donghae-si, 26.vi.1984, YJ Im; 1, Seo-myeon, Uido, Chuncheon-si, 14.vii.1984, HJ Yoo; 1, Haanmi-ri, Pyeonchang-gun, 1.vii.1985, YH Choi; 1, Haanmi-ri, Pyeonchang-gun, 1.vii.1985, HJ Kwon; 2, Haanmi-ri, Pyeonchang-gun, 1.vii.1985, HY Joh; 1, Pyeonchang-gun, 1.vii.1985, HJ Yoon; 1, Temp. Cheongwonsa, Taebaek-si, 23.vii.1986, KH Kim; 1, Goseong-gun, 10.vii.1990, JI Kim; 1, Myeongho-ri, Goseong-gun, 10.vii.1990, JI Kim; 1, Soyanggang, Chuncheon-si, 23.vii.1993, SR Kim; 3, Mt. Bangtaesan, Inje-gun, 15.vii.1995, JI Kim; 1, Jogyeong-dong, Inje-gun, 24.vii.2000, SY Kim and AY Kim; 1, Ganseong-eup, Goseong-gun, 26,viii.2002, Kim et al.; 1, Osaek-ri, Yangyang-gun, 24.vii.??, SY Kwon; [GG] 2, Suweonsi, 26.vi.1974, JC Park; 1, Eungogye, Gwangju-si, 13.vi.1981, ES Song; 1, Mt. Yawolsan, Yeoncheon-gun, 26.vi.1987, HJ Yoo; 1, Gorangpo-ri, Yeoncheon-gun, 27.vi.1987, HJ Yoo; 1, Siam-ri, Gimpo-si, 1.vii. 1987, JI Kim; 1, Suweon-si, 26.iii.1990, HM Lee; 1, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 6.viii.1991, JI Kim; 1, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 8.viii.1993, GJ Kwon; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 6.vii. 1996, JH Kim; 2, Mt. Hwaaksan, Gapyeong-gun, 25.vii.1998, HA Lee; 1, Olympicgongwon, Songpa-gu, 23.viii.2005, BH Jung; 3, 1, Mt. Bukhansan, Jongno-gu, 5.vii.2006, TW Kim; [CB] 1, Mt. Songrisan, Boeun-gun, 23.vi.1989, JH Hwang; 1, Mt. Songrisan, Boeun-gun, 28.vi.1989, BJ Kim; 1, Mt. Woraksan, Jecheon-si, 9.viiil.1991, JY Na; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Danyang-gun, 13.viii.1999, DS Ku; 2, Mt. Gyemyeongsan, Chungju-si, 17.vi.2003, KD Han and TW Kim; [JB] 2, Muju-gun Mt. Minjujisan, 12.vii.1997, HJ Park; [JN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 3.vii.1984, GS Jang; [GB] 1, Daehyeon-ri, Bonghwa-gun, 25.viii.1986, JI Kim; 2, Dalgipokpo, Cheongsong-gun, 24.vi.1988, JH Kim and MY Lee; 2, Temp. Huibangsa, Yeongju-si, 2.vii.1994, TY Mun; 1, Mt. Seondalsan, Yeongju-si, 29.vi. 1998, JI Kim et al.; 4, Sogwang-ri, Uljin-gun, 1.viii.1999, Kim et al.; 1, Daehyeonri, Bonghwa-gun,??, GS Jang; [GN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, Sancheong-gun, 31.vii.1981, HY Han; 1, Mt. Jirisan, Hadong-gun, 1.viii.1998, TM Han; [JJ] 1, Pyeongdae-ri, Bukjeju-gun, 21.vii.2000, YB Lee. REMARKS: This species is most abundant on leaves and stems of annual plants.

34 26 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Cerogria Borchmann, 1909 Cerogria Borchmann, 1909: 210. Cerogriodes Borchmann, 1941: 25. Aeschrocera Chen and Chou, 1996: 265. Eyes strongly emarginate. Antennae usually long, often strongly deformed in male, and simple in female. Labrum and clypeus emarginate. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, lateral sides rounded. Elytra transversely wrinkled, without strial puncutes, epipleura broad and complete. Type species: Lagria anisocera Wiedemann, 1823 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 26 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Oriental and Afrotropical Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Kôno (1929), Borchmann (1936), Masumoto (1987). 9. Cerogria janthinipennis (Fairmaire, 1886) [fig. 9 in pls. IV, VIII] Lagria janthinipennis Fairmaire, 1886: 349. Lagria distincticornis Heyden, 1887: 269. Lagria antennata Borchmann, 1911: 714. Cerogria antennata Jacobson, 1913: 1016; ZSK, 1968: 112; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162. Cerogria janthinipennis: Jacobson, 1913: 1016; Kim et al., 1994: 101; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kim, 1995: 129; Kim, 1996: 8; Kim and Kim, 1996: 43; Kim et al., 1999: 125; Kim, 2000: 127; Kim, 2002: 225; Kim et al., 2002: 115; Merkl, 2004: 291; Löbl et al., 2008: 113. Cerogria notability: Park et al., 1992: 153 (Misidentification of Cerogria janthinipennis). Body length mm. Body subparallel-sided, weakly widening apically, purplish blue with white hairs, shining; antennae black except blue antennomere 1. Head rounded diamond in shape, strongly convex, with moderately sparse punctures and rugose; frons with elongate impression, rugose and coarsely punctate; with oblique lines from ocular canthi to midbasal part; eyes weakly convex, deeply emarginate, thinly rimmed; antennae filiform, some antennomeres deformed; antennomere 1 barrel-shaped, nearly as long as 2 to 4 together; antennomere 2 8 trapezoidal, 9 triangular or trapezoidal, 11 long and thin; ocular canthi swollen, oblique, smooth, strongly shining; clypeus strongly depressed, with long hairs; clypeal anterior margin emarginate, V-shaped; apical maxillary palpomere widely triangular, enlarged apically and truncate. Pronotum strongly convex, cylindrical, with fine, regular and sparse punctures except for middle; all margins very thinly rimmed; anterior and basal margins straight, lateral margins not visible in dorsal view. Scutellum triangular. Elytra convex, with dense and strongly rugose punctures, subparallel-sided, gradually widening toward apical 1/3 then roundly narrowing to apex; humeral angles prominent. All femora swollen at middle; front tibia weakly widening apically; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally, penultimate tarsomeres lobed ventrally. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Ocular distance about 1.2 times wider than eye diameter; ocular canthi strongly swollen; antennomere 1 strongly swollen, antennomere 9 with dentiform

35 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 27 process; antennomere 3 about 1.2 times longer than 2, 1.6 times shorter than 4; apical antennomere long and thin, about 10 times longer than 10; middle of pronotum weakly rugose or sparsely punctate with obscure midlongitudinal line; hind tibiae weakly curved inward. Female: Ocular distance about twice wider than eye diameter; ocular canthi weakly swollen; antennomere 1 weakly swollen, antennomere 9 trapezoidal, without dentiform process; antennomere 3 about twice longer than 2, and 1.3 times shorter than 4; apical antennomere long and thin, about 3.3 times longer than 10; middle of pronotum strongly and transversely reticulate, with distinctive midlongitudinal line; hind tibiae not curved inward. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China (Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi, Zhejiang). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, CN, JB, JN, GB, GN. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Heungeop-myeon, Weonju-si, 29.vi.1990, EJ Joh; 2, Myeongryundong, Weonju-si, 1.vi.1991, HH Kim; 1, 1, Hyeoncheon-ri, Hoengseong-gun, 6.vii.1993, KH Kwon; 1, Gangchon, Chuncheon-si, 22.v.1997, SS Kim; 1, Mt. Seoraksan, Sokcho-si, 7.vii.1997, IH Chae; 1, Yeonsei Uni., Maesisan, Heongeop-myeon, Wonju-si, 22.vi.2007, BH Jung; [GG] 1, Mt. Bukhansan, 24.v.1987, JH Yoon; 1, 1ex, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 1.vi.1987, HW Yoon; 1, Hyeon-ri, Gapyeong-gun, 20.vii.1987, HK Kim; 1, Paju-eup, Paju-si, 12.ix.1987, HJ Kim; 1, 1, Singal-dong, Yongin-si, 19.v.1990, HJ Lee et al.; 1, 1, Mt. Umyeonsan, Seocho-gu, 19.v.1991, ES An; 1, Mt. Umyeonsan, Seocho-gu, 29.v.1991, MJ Shin; 3exs, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 24.viii. 1991, MU Jeong et al.; 1, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 16.v.1992, HA Lee; 1, Mt. Buramsan, Namyangju-si, 29.v.1992, HJ Kim; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 30.v.1992, MJ Kim; 1, Gwangju-eup, Gwangju-gun, 13.vi.1992, MJ Shin; 1, 1, 5exs, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, viii.1992, EJ Yoo et al.; 1ex, Yunggeonreung, Hwaseong-gun, 30.viii.1992, JH Park; 1, Namhansanseong, Hanam-si, 21.v.1993, JS Yang; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 19.v.1994, SW Hong; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 22.v.1994, SY Yang; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 4.vi.1994, HJ Jeong; 1, 1, Univ. Aju, Suweon-si, 4.vi.1994, SY Yoo; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 5.vi.1994, JY Yoon; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Gwacheon-si, 6.vi.1994, SO Lee; 1, Univ. Kyeonghoi, Suweon-si, 6.vi.1994, YJ Kim; 1ex, Beomyang-dong, Gwacheon-si, 27.ix.1994, SY Yoo; 2, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, 25.v.1996, JE Paek; 1, Namhansanseong, Hanam-si, 15.v.1997, JY Yoo; 1, Sinsang-ri, Gapyeong-gun, 3.v.1998, EH Lee; 1, Hanam-si, 31.v.1998, JS Yoo; 1, Mt. Yongmunsan, Yangpyeong-gun, 22.v.1999, HJ Oh; 1, Mt Geomdansan, Hanam-si, 22.v.2001, MH Kwon; [CB] 1, Mochung-dong, Cheongju-si, 27.v.1987, KH Hong; 1, Gosa-ri, Goisan-gun, 22.vi.1989, MY Choi; 11, 13exs, Mt. Woraksan, 10.vii.1991, DS Choi et al.; 3exs, Mt. Woraksan, 10.viii.1991, HJ Park et al.; 1, Tangeumdae, Chungju-si, 26.v.1995, YH Jeon; 3, Oesongri-myeon, Boeun-gun, 14.v.1999, SY Kim; 1, Songmyeon-ri, Goesan-gun, 12.v.2001, SY Kim; [CN] 1, Temp. Sudeoksa, Yesan-gun, 20.vii.1984, MJ Kang; 1, Gongsansanseong, Gongju-si, 16.v.1987, SY Yoon; 1ex, Mt. Gyeryongsan, Gongju-si, 17.v.1987, SY Yoon; 3, Univ. Dankuk, Cheonan-si, 9.vi.1987, EJ Oh; 1, Univ. Chungnam, Daejeon-si, 22.v.1989, MS Shin; 1, Ungcheoneup, Boryeong-si, 26.v.1989, EJ Jang; 3, 2exs, Asanman, Asan-si, 16.v.1997, JY Noh et al.; [JB] 1, Gapsan-myeon, Jinan-gun, 26.v.1989, HY Seong; 1, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 7.vii.1990, JH Rim; 1, Mt. Maisan, Jinan-gun, 18.v.1991, MJ Kim; 1, Busan-gun, 20.v.1992, KM Ham; 1, Junggye-ri, Busan-gun, 21.v.1992, MS Joh; 2, 8, Temp. Seonunsa, Gochang-gun, 21.v.1992, KI Lee et al.; 2, Mt. Moaksan, Gimje-si, 23.v.1992, EJ Yoo et al.; 1ex, Mt. Deogyusan, Muju-gun, 25.v.1993, EJ Lee; 1, Daebul-ri, Muju-gun, 26.v.1993, MR Son; 5, 3, Gucheon-dong, Muju-gun, 26.v.1993, YJ Kang et al.; 8, 20, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 26.v.1994, JY Kim et al.; [JN] 1, Temp. Hwaeomsa, Gurye-gun, 23.v.1984, YS Kim; 21, 1ex, Temp. Hwaeomsa, Gurye-gun, vi.1987, JI Kim et al.; 3, 4, Temp. Baegyangsa, Jangseong-gun, 24.v.1994, JH Shin et al.; 1, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 22.v.1999, TM Han;

36 28 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles [GB] 1, Mungyeongsaejae, Mungyeong-si, 26.v.1996, JI Kim; 1ex, Mt. Seondalsan, Yeongju-si, 29.vi. 1998, Kim et al.; 1ex, Mt. Eoraesan, Yeongju-si, 30.vi.1998, Kim et al.; 2, Hyeon-dong, Bonghwagun, 31.v.1999, EK An et al.; [GN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, Sancheong-gun, 10.vii.1994, KI Lee; 1, 1, Taejongdae, Busan-si, 26.vi.1996, MS Ham. REMARKS: Cerogria antennata was proposed as a junior subjective synonym of Cerogria janthinipennis by Merkl (2004). Genus Arthromacra Kirby, 1837 Arthromacra Kirby, 1837, 238. Macrarthra Agassiz, 1846b: 219 (unjustified emendation). Eyes narrow and emarginate. Ocular distance wide. Antennae long and narrow, antennomeres elongate triangular, apical antennomere strongly extended. Pronotum nearly cylindrical, anterior corners angulate. Elytral base twice broader than base of pronotum, Elytra rugose, without strial punctures. Epipleura narrow and complete. Abdominal ventrite 6 emarginate at apex in male. Type species: Arthromacra donacioides Kirby, 1837 NUMBER OF SPECIES: 29 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental and Nearctic Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Lewis (1895), Borchmann (1936), Masumoto (1987), Imasaka (2005). 10. Arthromacra viridissima Lewis, 1895 Arthromacra viridissima Lewis, 1895: 277; Cho, 1963: 207. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Jejudo), Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. Since this species was recorded by Cho (1963) from the Jeju-do fauna, it was included in one Korean checklist based on Cho s record until now. I tried to collect this species several times a year for 8 years in Jejudo, without success. Korea is not listed in the recent catalogue of Palaeartic region (Löbl et al., 2008) among the countries where this species is known to occur. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list.

37 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae 29 Genus Anisostira Borchmann, 1915 Anisostira Borchmann, 1915: 296. Eyes emarginate, ocular distance narrower than eye diameter. Labrum heart-shaped, clypeal anterior margin straight. Elytral base about twice broader than base of pronotum. Elytra with strial punctures, arranged in double rows, epipleuron not reaching apex. Hind legs with sexual dimorphism. Type species: Anisostira varicolor Borchmann, 1915 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 2 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Fujian, Guandong, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang). KEY REFERENCES: Borchmann (1936), Masumoto (1987). 11. Anisostira rugipennis (Lewis, 1896) [fig. 10 in pls. IV, VIII] Macrolagria rugipennis Lewis, 1896: 341. Nemostira rugipennis: Borchmann, 1910: 18. Nemostira sinuatipes Pic, 1911a: 7. Nemostira nigripes Pic, 1911b: 190. Nemostira cognata Borchmann, 1912: 11. Nemostira abnormipes Borchmann, 1912: 10. Nemostira rufoscutellaris Pic, 1914a: 76. Nemostira ferriei Pic, 1914b: 304. Nemostira testaceithotax Pic, 1914b: 305. Anisostira abnormipes Borchmann, 1915: 299; Kim, 1995: 129 ; Kim, 1996: 8; Kim, 2002: 225. Anisostira rugipennis Borchmann, 1915: 297; Kim, 1995: 129; Kim, 1996: 8; Kim, 2002: 225; Löbl et al., 2008: 116. Anisostira similaris Borchmann, 1915: 297. Anisostira lucidicollis Borchmann, 1915: 298. Anisostira varicolor Borchmann, 1915: 298. Anisostira abdominalis Kôno, 1929: 23 Anisostira flavipes Kôno, 1929: 33. Anisostira kikuchii Kôno, 1929: 34. Body length mm. Body elongate, parallel-sided, shining; reddish brown, often pronotum red and elytra black, antennae and legs black. Head spherical, with sparse, coarse punctures and partially rugose; frons with oblong impression between eyes, largely and finely punctate with long sparse hairs; ocular distance almost equal to eye diameter; eyes transverse, weakly emarginate; ocular canthi smooth and elevated upward; antennae filiform; antennomere 3 about 3.5 times longer than 2 and 1.4 times longer than 4; apical antennomere long and thin, 4 times longer than 10; clypeus strongly depressed, with sparse punctures and hairs; clypeal anterior margin semicircular,

38 30 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles frontoclypeal suture roundly curved anteriad; labrum trapezoidal, with long hairs, anterior margin rounded; apical maxillary palpomere elongate securiform; apical labial palpomere cylindrical. Pronotum strongly convex and oblong; with sparse, irregular, large punctures; parallel-sided, slightly constricted at middle; base with impressed fovae; basal and anterior margins thickly rimmed, anterior angle rounded; lateral margins not visible in dorsal view, obscurely rimmed and diminished at middle. Scutellum smooth and tongue-shaped. Elytra weakly convex, parallelsided, gradually widening from apical 1/3; with coarse, rugose punctures forming irregular double rows; intervals smooth and gradually convex apically. Fore and mid tibiae thin and long, weakly dilated and curved at basal 1/3, with setae; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally, penultimate tarsomeres bilobed. Procoxae strongly projecting. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Hind tibiae strongly curved, with long and dense setae. Female: Hind tibiae not curved, without long setae. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Fujian, Guandong, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang). KOREA: JB. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [JB] 1, Naebyeonsan, Buan-gun, 26.vi.1991, SL Lee; 2, Naebyeonsan, Buangun, 26.vi.1991, JI Kim. Genus Macrolagria Lewis, 1895 Macrolagria Lewis, 1895: 422. Elytra with strial punctures, and epipleuron reach to apex. Type species: Statyra rufobrunnea Marseul, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 6 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Asia (China), Russia (Far East, Kuril Is.). KEY REFERENCES: Lewis (1895), Borchmann (1936). 12. Macrolagria hirsuta Lewis, 1895 Macrolagria hirsuta Lewis, 1895: 423. Nemostira hirsuta Borchmann, 1910: 18; Mochizuki and Tsumekawa, 1937: 75; Chu, 1969: 123. DISTRIBUTION: Korea?, Russia (Far East, Kuril Is.), Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. This species was newly recorded by Mochizuki and Tsumekawa (1937), and Chu (1969) reported it from North Korea without any further information. Korea is not listed in the recent catalogue of Palaeartic region (Löbl et al., 2008) among the countries where this species is known to occur. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list.

39 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae 31 Subfamily Stenochiinae Kirby (= Coelometopinae), 1837 Stenochiinae Kirby, 1837: 238. Coelometopinae Lacordaire, 1859: 358; Schaum, 1859: 71. Body 5 45 mm in length. Antennae filiform, serrate, incrassate or weakly capitate; apical antennomeres 5 to 8 bearing stellate compound sensoria. Labrum transverse, basal membrane exposed or concealed. Mandible with mola finely striate. Procoxal cavities broadly closed both externally and internally. Mesocoxal cavities closed laterally by mesepimeron. Elytra with 9 complete striae. Tarsi with fine and dense pubescence ventrally or with sparse and coarse setae. Tibiae frequently with setose inner apical margins. Ovipositor with coxites clearly 4-lobed (Tschinkel and Doyen, 1980), paraprocts rotated about 145 degrees around articulation with coxite at rest, or, rarely, rotated about degrees (Menephilus). Internal female reproductive tract consisting of vagina, enlarged bursa copulatrix, and single duct (Tschinkel and Doyen, 1980). Aedeagus with tegmen dorsal at rest, rotated about degrees, or occasionally inverted (rotated 180 degrees); median lobe usually adnate to tegmen, rarely freely extrusible. Very large defensive reservoirs strengthened by annular foldings of the cuticular wall, and defensive glands opening through a few large collecting ducts (Doyen, 1989). REMARKS: Stenochiinae primarily occur in forest and woodland situations in the tropics and subtropics. The larvae are almost exclusively found in dead and decaying wood, both in and under bark, sometimes in heartwood and occasionally in tree fungi. They often have strongly sclerotized posterior segments and well-developed urogomphi. These probably aid locomotion in the larval burrows and also possibly have a protective function. Adults are frequently found associated with various sorts of dead wood and are usually nocturnal (Marshall, 1982). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC TRIBES: 2 (2 in Korea), GENERA: 74 (8 in Korea), SPECIES: 432 (20 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental, Australian, Afrotropical, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Marshall (1982), Doyen (1989), Arnett et al. (2002). Key to the tribes of Korean Stenochiinae 1. Antennae with stellate sensoria on 5 or 6 apical antennomeres; basal tarsomere 3 or 4 covered with dense and yellow pubescence ventrally; tarsomeres flattened Cnodalonini Antennae with stellate sensoria on 7 or 8 apical antennomeres; all tarsomeres covered with stiff and darkish setae ventrally; tarsomeres nearly cylindrical Stenochiini Tribe Cnodalonini Gistel (= Coelometopini), 1856 Cnodalidae Gistel, 1856: 382. Coelométopides Lacordaire, 1859: 291, 358. Coelometopidae Schaum, 1859: 71.

40 32 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Catapiestides Lacordaire, 1859: 367, 381. Eutélides Lacordaire, 1859: 291, 354. Upidae Thomson, 1859: 116. Misolampides Lacordaire, 1859: 432, 440. Polypleuri LeConte, 1862: 229. Cnodaloniden: Kraatz, 1880: Misolampidiini Reitter, 1917: 60, 65. Camariinen Gebien, 1919: Menephilini Reitter, 1920: 15. Hegemonini Reitter, 1922: 3. Stenophanini Reitter, 1922: 2, 3. Nodotelini Koch, 1950: 67. Thesileini Kaszab, 1982: 29. Basal antennomere deeply inserted into ocular canthi. Apical maxillary palpomere expanded. Mandibles cleft at apex. Metacoxae flattened, forming distinctly rimmed cavities with intercoxal process. Tarsomeres frequently lobed ventrally. Abdomen with 5 ventrites visible (a small sixth ventrite is often visible in male and rarely in female), sides and base marginate and acutely narrowed. Type genus: Cnodalon Latreille, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 71 (7 in Korea). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 289 (17 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental, Australian, Afrotropical, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Watt (1974), Tschinkel and Doyen (1980), Chûjô (1982), Doyen and Tschinkel (1982), Doyen (1989), Medvedev (1992), Arnett et al. (2002). REMARKS: In the catalogue of Gebien (1941, 1942), most coelometopine genera are listed under Tenebrionini, which are different in several important internal features as follows: 1) defensive reservoirs elongate, with one or a few collecting ducts emptying at the neck; wall of reservoirs almost always having annular folds, which allow expansion; 2) paraprocts much shorter than coxites, and rotated 180 degrees at rest; 3) aedeagus is usually rotated, so median lobe lateral or ventro-lateral to tegmen; 4) with compound stellate sensoria on the apical antennomeres 5 to 8 (Medvedev, 1977; Tschinkel and Doyen, 1980; Doyen and Tschinkel, 1982). Key to the genera of Korean Cnodalonini 1. Body gourd-shaped, strongly convex 2 Body elongate and parallel-sided, moderately convex or flattened 4 2. Body short, black to blackish brown; pronotum with strong, dense punctures Gnesis Body elongate, black; pronotum with strong, dense or sparse punctures 3 3. Pronotum rimmed at anterior margin, basal angles, and apical 1/2 of lateral margin; femora strongly clavate; fore femur angulate with blunt projection at inner margin; male fore tibiae slightly curved inward or straight, without teeth Misolampidius All margins of pronotum completely rimmed; femur slightly clavate; fore femur without blunt projection at inner margin; male fore tibiae strongly curved at apical 1/3 part, with teeth Stenophanes 4. Body narrow, antennae filiform, very long, longer than half of body length Ainu Body broader, antennae moniliform, much shorter than half of body length 5

41 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae Body metallic green, purple and blue; pronotum strongly convex and nearly oval; basal part of pronotum narrower than elytral base; elytral apex rounded Derosphaerus Body black, not metallic; pronotum flattened and nearly rectangular; basal part of pronotum nearly as wide as elytral base; elytral apex strongly narrowed 6 6. Mesoventrite without bundle of golden hairs; elytral epipleura disappearing near apex; male fore tibiae strongly bent, with yellow hairs at apex Menephilus Mesoventrite with a bundle of golden hairs; elytral epipleura reaching apex; male fore tibia slightly curved downward at apical 1/3 Promethis Genus Ainu Lewis, 1894 Ainu Lewis, 1894: 479. Antennae very long and slender. Intervals of elytra convex and smooth. Four tarsomeres of fore and middle leg dilated and padded ventrally. Type species: Ainu tenuicornis Lewis, 1894 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 6 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang). KEY REFERENCES: Lewis (1894), Chûjô (1982). 13. Ainu tenuicornis Lewis, 1894 Ainu tenuicornis Lewis 1894: 480; Kim and Kim, 1972a: 79; Kim and Kim, 1972b: 157; Kim et al., 1974: 182; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Park, 1998: 51; Löbl et al., 2008: 339. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. Since it was recorded by Kim and Kim (1972a) from the fauna of Mujugucheondong, it was mentioned in several Korean checklists based on their report. Ainu tenuicornis occurs in Japan only. We did not find specimens in any institutes and universities having insect collections. So we guessed that it was a misidentified species of the genus Allecula (Alleculinae). Occurrence of this species is unlikely in Korea, thus it is treated in this study as a doubtful species.

42 34 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Promethis Pascoe, 1869 Promethis Pascoe, 1869: 148. Mederis Motschulsky, 1872: 24. Pediris Motschulsky, 1872: 24. Setenis Motschulsky, 1872: 24. Pseudobates Fairmaire, 1882c: 231. Pronotum nearly rectangular; basal part of pronotum nearly as wide as elytral base. Elytral epipleura reaching apex. Male fore tibia strongly curved downward at apical 1/3; middle and hind tibia strongly sinuate. Female fore tibia slightly curved. Type species: Upis angulatus Erichson, 1842 NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 54 (6 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982), Kaszab (1988a, b). 14. Promethis valgipes valgipes (Marseul, 1876) [fig. 11 in pls. V, IX] Nyctobates valgipes Marseul, 1876a: 117. Nyctobates villosipes Marseul, 1876a: 118. Nyctobates davidis Fairmaire, 1878: 119. Setenis valgipes: Lewis, 1894: 473; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106. Setenis villosipes, Marseul, 1876a: 118. Promethis valgipes: Kaszab, 1988a: 85; Kaszab, 1988b: 85; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 347. Body length mm. Body elongate, black and moderately shining. Head with small, coarse punctures; eyes reniform and strongly rimmed; ocular distance about 1.3 times wider than eye diameter; ocular canthi strongly elevated; antennae moniliform, weakly capitate and slighty dilated, from antennomere 6 to apex with stellate sensoria; antennomere 3 about 0.3 times longer than 2 and about 1.3 times longer than 4; apical antennomere oblong, twice longer than 10; labrum semicircular; apical maxillary palpomere triangular. Pronotum convex, finely and densely punctate; about 0.3 times wider than long; midlongitudinal sulcus distinct; all margins distinctive, posterior angle sharply pointed; procoxae separated by flat and wide prosternal process. Elytra almost parallel-sided, a little wider at apical 1/4; elytral striae fine; intervals flat, with tiny and fine punctures. Fore tibiae with yellow setae ventrally at apical 1/3; mid and hind tibiae with yellow setae ventrally and laterally at apical 1/3; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally and laterally. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male of Promethis valgipes is distinguished from female as follows (Table 2). DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Jeju-do), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tshushima), China (Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi), Oriental Region.

43 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae 35 Table 2. Male and female of Promethis valgipes valgipes characters male female metaventrite with long yellow hairs and without yellow hairs more than 4 tubercles and tubercles apical 1/3 of fore tibiae strongly curved not curved apex of fore tibiae with a bundle of dense with a bundle of yellow setae coarse yellow setae projection of middle and present absent hind tibiae KOREA: JN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [JN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 5.vi.1977, SJ Jeong; [JJ] 1ex, Jeju-si, 2.v.1992, JI B; 2, Jeju-si, 13.vii.1993, OY Kwon; 1, Jeju-si, 30.vii.1993, BH Kang; 1, Bomok-dong, Seogwipo-si, 30.vii.1993, DS Ku; 1, Jungmun-dong, Seogwipo-si, 23.vii.1995, JY Kim; 1, Oedodong, Jeju-si, 21.viii.1996, HJ Jeong; 1, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 28.vii.1998, HC Park; 5, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 29.viii.1998, SW Park; 1, Mt. Hallasan, 23.v.1999, HS Eom; 1, Yeraedong, Seogwipo-si, 6.viii.1999, SY Kim; 1, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 29.viii.1999, SW Park; 2, Udo-myeon, Bukjeju-gun, 10.x.1999, TW Kim; 1, Andeokgyegok, Namjeju-gun, 11.x.1999, TW Kim; 1, 1, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun, 8.vii.2002, TW Kim; 1, Nohyeong-dong, Jeju-si, 10.viii.2002, TW Kim; 1, Hwasun-ri, Namjeju-gun, 13.vi.2004, JK Kim and TW Kim; 3, 2, Mt. Sanbangsan, Namjeju-gun, 14.viii.2004, JK Kim and TW Kim. Oh s collection; [JJ] 1, 5, Andeokgyegok, Namjeju-gun, 25.vii.2002, HY Oh; 3, 1, Andeokgyegok, Namjeju-gun, 9.vii.2004, HY Oh. REMARKS: This species mainly occurs in Jejudo in Korea. It is nocturnal, and gathers on rotten wood. When reared in laboratory, it can be fed with rotten wood and fruiting bodies of fungi, including Inonotus of Aphyllophorales when other food is short. 15. Promethis subrobusta subrobusta (Motschulsky, 1872) Nyctobates subrobustus Motschulsky, 1872: 33. Nyctobates coracina Fairmaire, 1882: 230. Nyctobates fairmairei Kolbe, 1900: 74. Setenis fairmairei Gebien, 1914: 38. Promethis subrobusta subrobusta: Kaszab, 1988a: 82; Kaszab, 1988b: 77; Löbl et al., 2008: 346. DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic (Korea) and Oriental Region (Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Kaszab (1988a, b) reported this species from Quelpart. The depositories were Museum Dr. Georg Frey, Tutzing (1ex. MGFT) and Transvaal Museum, Pretoria (1 TMPA). MGFT is famous for being the largest private Coleoptera collection in the world. After dispute of its possession, the collection moved to the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland, in I got contacted the

44 36 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles museum for information about Promethis subrobusta subrobusta, unfortunately without success. I have visited Jejudo to collect this species about three times a year, but I have never collected it. This species is distributed in the Oriental Region, so it is regarded as doubtful in Korea. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list. 16. Promethis striatipennis (Lewis, 1894) Setenis striatipennis Lewis, 1894: 473. Promethis striatipennis: Kaszab, 1988a: 74; Kaszab, 1988b: 62; Löbl et al., 2008: 346. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Jejudo), Japan (Honshu, Nansei). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. Since it was recorded by Kaszab (1988a, b) from Jejudo, there were no further records. We contacted Dr. Ottó Merkl in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) for confirming the Korean specimen of Promethis striatipennis (Lewis). Unfortunately there is no Korean specimen of this species in the HNHM. However, it is not impossible that this species exists in Jejudo because it is known to occur in Honshu and Nansei in Japan. So I will go on collecting and search. 17. Promethis punctatostriata (Motschulsky, 1872) Setenis punctatostriata Motschulsky, 1872: 39. Nyctobates indosinicus Fairmaire, 1893: 296. Setenis indosinica Gravely, 1915: 526. Stenenis foveiceps Pic, 1929: 17. Setenis pilipes Pic, 1929: 17. Setenis indosinica Ardoin, 1969: 125. Promethis punctatostriata: Kaszab, 1988a: 83; Kaszab, 1988b: 79; Löbl et al., 2008: 346. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Jejudo), Japan, India (Assam, Bengal, Sikkim), Nepal, China (Yunnan, Hainan), Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: none. REMARKS: Kaszab (1988a, b) reported this species from Quelpart. The depositories were Museum Dr. Georg Frey, Tutzing (1ex. MGFT) and Transvaal Museum, Pretoria (1 TMPA). MGFT is famous for being the largest private Coleoptera collection in the world. After dispute of its possession, his collection moved to Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland, in I got contacted to the museum for information about Promethis punctatostriata, unfortunately without success. We contacted Dr. Ottó Merkl in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) for confirming the Korean specimen of Promethis punctatostriata. I have visited Jejudo to collect this species about three times a year, but I never collected it. It was perhaps mislabeled or misidentified. This species is distributed in the Oriental Region, and its occurrence is regarded as doubtful in Korea. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list.

45 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae Promethis rectangula (Motschulsky, 1972) Setenis rectangula Motschulsky, 1872: 28. Nyctobates semisulcata Fairmaire, 1882: 228. Setenis biangulata Gebien, 1918: 122. Setenis semisulcata, Kaszab and Chûjô, 1964: 236. Setenis rectangulus Kaszab, 1979: 263. Promethis rectangulus: Kaszab, 1988a: 87; Kaszab, 1988b: 95; Löbl et al., 2008: 346. DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Quelpart), China (Hainan, Yunnan), Oriental Region [Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Salanga, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines (?)]. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Kaszab (1988a, b) reported this species from specimens from Jejudo deposited in the private collection of Dr. Hasn Bremer and in the collections of the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, the Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, and in the Frey Collection in Basel. We contacted the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, for information about Promethis rectangula, unfortunately without success. This species is distributed in the Oriental Region, so it is regarded as doubtful in Korea. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list. 19. Promethis insomnis (Lewis, 1894) Setenis insomnis Lewis, 1894: 472; ZSK, 1968: 112; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106. Setenis higonius Lewis, 1984: 472. Promethis insomnis: Kaszab, 1988a: 81; Kaszab, 1988b: 95; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 346. DISTRIBUTION: Korea?, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean Specimens of this species were not examined. Since this species was reported by ZSK (1968), it was included in the Korean checklists, based on that record. This species is similar to female Promethis valgipes, having smooth metaventrite and simple mid and hind tibiae. It is highly probable that specimens were misidentified females of Promethis valgipes. It is doubtful whether this species occurs in Korea. So I will go on collecting and search. Genus Derosphaerus Thomson, 1858 Derosphaerus Thomson, 1858: 99. Encyalesthus Motschulsky, 1860: 139. Pachyurgus Leconte, 1862: 230. Notiolesthus Motschulsky, 1872: 25. Neandrosus Pic, 1921: 12.

46 38 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Falsoencyalesthus Pic, 1923: 29. Body bluish purple or greenish black, with metallic shine. Pronotum oval, strongly convex. Basal part of prothorax narrower than elytral base. Type species: Derosphaerus globicollis Thomson, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 17 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982). 20. Derosphaerus subviolaceus (Motschulsky, 1860) [fig. 12 in pls. V, IX] Encyalesthus subviolaceus Motschulsky, 1860: 139. Upis violaceipennis Marseul, 1876a: 118: Kolbe, 1886: 203. Encyalesthus violaceipennis Gebien, 1941: 645 [350]; Kim and Kim, 1971: 110; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 110; Park et al., 1992: 180; Chûjô and Lee, 1993: 109; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kwon et al., 1996: 163. Derosphaerus subviolaceus Tschinkel and Doyen, 1980; Löbl et al., 2008: 341. Body length mm. Body elongate, parallel-sided, convex, gradually widening toward apex, strongly metallic, shining, purplish black or greenish black. Head with coarse punctures; vertex strongly convex; eyes reniform and strongly rimmed; ocular distance about twice wider than eye diameter; ocular canthi strongly elevated; deep sulcus along eyes from corner of clypeus to posterior part of head; between frons and clypeus with transverse raised line; antennae moniliform, weakly capitate and slighty dilated from antennomere 6 to apex, with stellate sensoria; antennomere 3 about 4 times longer than 2 and about 0.3 times longer than 4; apical antennomere oval, 0.7 times longer than 10; clypeus depressed, anterior margin truncate; labroclypeal membrane exposed; apical maxillary palpomere triangular, widened and truncate. Pronotum convex, and densely punctate; slightly wider anteriorly, almost equal in length and width; basal part narrower than elytral base; lateral and posterior margins thinly rimmed, anterior not rimmed, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles angulated. Scutellum triangular. Elytra almost parallel-sided, a little broader at apical 1/4; elytral striae deep; elytral stria 1 diminished at basal 1/10; intervals convex, with tiny and dense punctures. All femora strongly clavate; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally. Procoxae separated by flat and wide, coarse punctate prosternal process. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Fore tibiae curved inward at apical 1/3; hind tibiae slightly curved with dense yellow setae ventrally at apical 1/3. Female: Fore tibiae not curved; mid and hind tibiae straight with sparse yellow setae ventrally at apical 1/3. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China (Northeast Territory), Japan, Russia (Far East). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, CN, JB, JN, GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Hyoja-dong, Chuncheon-si, 2.ix.1997, HS Eom; 2, Sindongmyeon, Chuncheon-si, 21.iii.2001, HS Eom; 1, Sindong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, 18.v.2001, HS. Eom; [GG] 1, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 17.iv.1986, JY Choi; 1, Anyang-si, 21.v.1988, HY Park; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 22.iv.1992, H Namgung; 1, Hwaseong-si, 12.vi.1992, SW Park; 1, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 25.v.1994, DH Kim; 2, 1, Daean-ri, Pyeongtaek-si, 5.iv.1998, TM Han;

47 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae 39 1, Gupabal-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, 1.xi.1998, TH Kang; 1, Daean-ri, Pyeongtaek-si, 12.ix.1998, TM Han; 1, 5, Daean-ri, Pyeongtaek-si, 16.v.1999, TM Han; 1, Yeoju-gun, 11.x.2000, HL Han; [CB] 1, Mt. Songrisan, Boeun-gun, 31.vii.1957, BH Lee; [CN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, 6.vi.1987, DJ Jeon; 2, 1, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, 16.vi.1994, JI Kim et al.; 1, Deoksangongwon, Yesan-gun, 19.viii.1997, TH Kang; 1, Mt. Mansusan, Buyeo-gun, 19.vii.1999, JI Kim; [JB] 1, Temp. Naesosa, Buan-gun, 6.ix.1998, SM Ryu; [JN] 3, Mt. Baegyangsan, Jangseong-gun, 4.viii.1974, JI Kim et al.; 1, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 30.viii.1985, HJ Yoon; 1, Temp. Hwaeomsa, Gurye-gun, 22.vi.1987, SJ Ban; 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 25.vi.1994, JS Park; [GB] 1, Sangju-si, 31.viii.1998, JS Park; [GN] 3, Temp. Ssanggyesa, Hadong-gun, 5.vi.1977, SJ Jeong et al.; 1, Mt. Bibongsan, Jinju-si, 4.ix. 1993, YH Kim; 1, Goseong-gun, 11.viii.1996, SM Kim; 1, Temp. Ssanggyesa, Hadong-gun, 5.vi. 1997, JH Yoo; 1, 2, Univ. Gyeongsang, Jinju-si, 8.viii.2001, JS Park et al.; 1, Jukjuk-ri, Hapcheon-gun, 14.v.2004, MH Kim. NIAST; [GW] 1ex., Gangwon Uni., 30.viii.1982, GY Yu; [GG] 1ex., Suweon-si, 22.vii.1996, at light; 1ex., Suweon-si, 4.viii.1921, Okamoto; 1ex., 7.vi.1926 Yugato; 1ex., 19.vi.1931, Mauramathu; [CB] 1ex., Jincheon, 24.v.1987, SB An; [GB] 1ex., Bongwha, 1 15.vi.1993, RG O; 1ex., Andong, 2.vii.1988, GS Lee; [JJ] 1ex, Eorimok, Jeju-si,??.viii.1983 GS Lee. Genus Stenophanes Solsky, 1876 Stenophanes Solsky, 1876: 294. All margins of pronotum completely rimmed. Femora slightly swollen at apical 1/2; fore femora without blunt projection at inner margin. Fore tibiae strongly curved at apical 1/3, with teeth in male; weakly curved at apical 1/3, without teeth in female. Type species: Hedyphanes mesostena (Solsky, 1871). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 2 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Nei Mongol, Northeast Territory), Russia (Far East). KEY REFERENCES: Medvedev (1992). 21. Stenophanes mesostena (Solsky, 1871) [fig. 13 in pls. VI, IX] Hedyphanes mesostena Solsky, 1871: 376. Helops rubripennis Marseul, 1876a: 137. Stenophanes mesostena: Gebien, 1942: 759 [776]; Kaszab, 1968: 6; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 111; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Chûjô and Lee, 1993: 109; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kim, 1995: 407; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 347. Body length mm. Body long gourd-shape, almost brown to black, weakly shining. Head strongly rugose and coarsely, densely punctuate; frons with weak midlongitudinal sulcus or pressed fovea at middle; eyes reniform and strongly rimmed; ocular distance about three times wider than eye diameter; ocular canthi strongly elevated; antennae moniliform, weakly capitate

48 40 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles and slighty dilated from antennomere 6 to apex, with stellate sensoria; antennomere 3 about three times longer than 2 and about 0.8 times longer than 4; apical antennomere fusiform; clypeus depressed and semicircular; clypeal margin truncate, elevated at side; labrum almost square; apical maxillary palpomere triangular. Pronotum convex, with large, coarse and dense punctures; almost square, almost equal in length and width; anterior margin weakly rimmed, lateral margins thinly rimmed, basal margin strongly rimmed at middle. Scutellum widely triangular, with strong punctures. Elytra strongly convex, with deep elytral striae, strial punctures large; intervals strongly convex and rugose, with weak punctures. All legs very long; all tarsi with dense golden setae ventrally. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Fore tibiae strongly curved inward at apical 1/3, with teeth at middle; with dense setae ventrally and laterally at apical 1/3; tarsi with dense setae. Female: Fore tibiae weakly curved at apical 1/3 and without teeth at apical 3/5 with moderate setae ventrally and laterally; tarsi with moderate setae. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Russia (Far East), Japan (Tsushima), China (Northeast Territory). KOREA: GW, GG, JB, JN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, 1, Mt. Odaesan, Pyeongchang-gun, 27.vii.1957; 1, 1, Oakvalley, Wonju-si, 11.ix.1997, JS Kim; 1, 1, Ganseong-eup, Goseong-gun, 26.viii.2002, TW Kim et al.; 1, 1, Univ. Gangwon, Chuncheon-si,??, HS Eom; [GG] 1, 2, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 6.vii.1975, BY Oh; 1, Mt. Yongmunsan, Yangpyeong-gun, 31.vii.1976, HY Choi; 1, Tap-dong, Suweon-si, 9.vi.1991, KIM; 1, Sangpan-ri, Gapyeong-gun, 10.viii.1992, JI Kim; 1, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 12.viii.1992, SM Lee; 1, Mt. Yongmunsan, Yangpyeong-gun, 25.viii.1998, SY Kim; 1, 2, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 9.vi.2001, AY Kim; 1, 1, Jangheung-myeon, Yangju-si, 9.vi.2001; [GN] Kim; 1, 1, Okcheon-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, 28.viii.2002, JI Kim et al.; [JB] 1, 2, Temp. Anuksa, Muju-gun, 8.ix.1999, HC Park; [JN] 2, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 11.vii.1993, SY Kim; 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 10.viii.1993, YG Im; 2, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 26.vi.1994, EG Joh; 2, 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 24.vi.1997, SY Ha; 1, 1, Chusan-ri, Gwangyang-si, 28.vii.1998, SH Joh; [JJ] 1, Andeokgyegok, Namjejugun, 13.vi.2004, JG Kim and TW Kim. REMARKS: As a result of measuring 10 specimens of this species, tubercles of tibiae were found variously placed from apical 1/2 to apical 3/5 in male fore tibiae. Shape of tubercles varied from blunt to sharp. This species is found in rotten wood, rarely on forest ground. It is active at night. It prefers coniferous forests, although is often found in coniferous-broadleaved forests. Field observations suggest that adults feed on mycelia or fruiting bodies of Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum belonging to Aphyllophorales. It was also found on lichens growing on decaying trees ant stones. Larvae inhabit decaying trees. The species overwinters as larvae, pupae in the wood and as adults in the wood or under bark. 22. Stenophanes strigipennis (Marseul, 1876) Helops strigipennis Marseul, 1876a: 138. Stenophanes doii Kôno, 1935: 89. Stenophanes strigipennis: Allard, 1877: 62; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 111; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 347.

49 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae 41 DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Russia (Far East), Japan, China (Nei Mongol). RECORD EXAMINED: Negeumkang N. Korea, 7.viii SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Stenophanes strigipennis differs from S. mesostena in having the tooth of the anterior tibia less acute dorsally, but the best distinguishing structural character is the relative shortness of the antennomeres 4 to 7 (Lewis, 1894). Genus Menephilus Mulsant, 1854 Menephilus Mulsant, 1854: 291. Body flattened. Antennae capitate. Lateral margins of pronotum parallel-sided. Elytral intervals smooth. Fore tibiae strongly curved, with or without yellow hairs at apex in male. Type species: Tenebrio curvipes Fabricius, 1792 (= Tenebrio cylindricus Herbst, 1784). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 10 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982), Medvedev (1992). 23. Menephilus lucens Marseul, 1876 [fig. 14 in pl. VI] Menephilus lucens Marseul, 1876a: 121; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 110; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 343. Body length mm. Body oblong and flat, parallel-sided, shining, black. Antennae capitate; clypeus transverse, not depressed; frontoclypeal suture arcuate; apical maxillary palpomere securiform; mentum oval, with groove at each side. Pronotum with impressions at subbasal part; anterior angles bluntly rounded, posterior angle acutely angulate; prosternal process short, gradually widened apically and raised at sides of procoxae. Elytra elongate and parallel-sided; strial punctures distinct, intervals weakly and transversely rugose. Fore tibiae curved inward at basal 1/2, with yellow hairs at apex; basal tarsomere of hind legs short. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. KOREA: CB. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [CB] 1, Mt. Wolaksan, Jecheon-si, 10.vii.1991, COXA.

50 42 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Misolampidius Solsky, 1876 Misolampidius Solsky 1876: 292. Body gourd-shaped. Clypeus depressed, with fine punctures. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform. Pronotum strongly convex. Prosternal process wide and tongue-shaped. Legs long and slender; fore and middle tibiae gently curved downward at inner part; hind tibiae curved downward or not. Type species: Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 30 (5 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Korea, Japan, China, Far East). KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982), Chûjô and Imasaka (1982), Imasaka and Chûjô (1983), Medvedev (1992). Key to the species of Korean Misolampidius 1. Body less elongate; pronotum about 0.3 times longer than wide 2 Body more elongate; pronotum almost equal in length and width 3 2. Pronotum with small and sparse punctures; elytral striae shallow, intervals flattened; hind tibiae in male curved outward at middle M. molytopsis Pronotum with large and dense puncture; elytral striae deep, intervals convex; fore tibiae curved outward in male, male mid tibiae with sharp thorn at apical 1/4 M. clavicrus 3. Fore femoral projection trapezoidal; fore tibiae nearly straight at apical half, gently curved downward at middle, middle tibiae nearly straight, moderately clavate, thickest at apical 1/8 M. koreanus Fore femoral projection triangular; fore tibiae curved downward at apical 1/4, roundly expanded at middle, curved inward subapically 4 4. Antennae rather stout; middle tibiae curved inward at apical part, dilated and angulate at apex; hind tibiae weakly expanded inwards at apical part M. tentyrioides Antennae rather slender; middle tibiae not curved inward at apical part, dilated and rounded at apex; hind tibiae not expanded at apical part M. chejudoensis 24. Misolampidius molytopsis (Marseul, 1876) Heliophygus molytopsis Marseul, 1876a: 135. Misolampidius hikosanus Nakane, 1963: 28; Kim and Kim, 1972: 157. Misolampidius molytopsis: Nakane, 1968: 81; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 343. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None.

51 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae Misolampidius clavicrus (Marseul, 1876) Helops clavicrus Marseul, 1876a: 139. Misolampidius clavicrus: Lewis, 1894: 476; Gebien, 1911: 523; Gebien, 1942: 758 [775]; Cho et al., 1968: 261; Lee et al., 1985: 408; Kim, 1995: 406. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. Although I thoroughly examined all specimens of Misolampidius, especially those from Jejudo, we could not find this species. The record from Korea was perhaps based on misidentification. Korea is not listed in the recent catalogue of Palaeartic region (Löbl et al., 2008) among the countries where this species is known to occur. So I propose to delete this species from the Korean list. 26. Misolampidius koreanus M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982 [fig. 15 in pls. VI, IX] Misolampidius koreanus M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982: 123; Imasaka and Chûjô, 1983: 19; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 111; Chûjô and Lee, 1993: 109; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 343. Body length mm. Body gourd-shaped, strongly shining, strongly convex, and black. Head almost parallel-sided, with coarse punctures; vertex convex with shallow depression at middle; eyes reniform, weakly expanded outwards; inner ocular groove deeply concave; antennomeres 1 to 7 filiform, antennomeres 8 to 11 moniliform with stellate sensoria; antennomere 3 about 1.2 times longer than 2 and about 1.5 times longer than 4; apical antennomere fusiform; clypeus depressed, roundly curved anteriad, anterior margin shallowly sinuate, gradually narrowing; apical maxillary palpomere securiform; apical labial palpomere oval; mentum with two deep, wide and longitudinal grooves. Pronotum convex, with regular, dense punctures; width almost equal to its length; anterior margin nearly straight, not rimmed; lateral margins faintly rimmed at apical 1/3 and nearly parallel-sided at basal 1/7; basal margin distinctly rimmed. Scutellum triangular. Elytra strongly convex; strial punctures fine and sparse; intervals nearly flat, with dense and fine punctures; epipleura very narrow, reaching elytral apex, apical 1/3 of inner margin very narrow; all femora strongly clavate; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally. Prosternal process widest at front coxae, gradually narrowed posteriad; mesoventrite with V-shaped receptor of prosternal process. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male of Misolampidius koreanus is distinguished from female as follows (Table 3). DISTRIBUTION: Korea (endemic). KOREA: GW, GG, CB, CN, JB, JN, GB, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Sogeumgang, Gangreung-si, 17.ix.1971, CH Kim; 1, Temp. Baekdamsa, Inje-gun, 4.vi.1979, BU Choi; 1, Temp. Samhwasa, Donghae-si, 25.viii.1997, JI Kim et al.; 1, Mt. Taebaeksan, 30.v.1999, JH Park; 1, Osaek-ri, Yangyang-gun, 27.viii.2002, TW Kim et

52 44 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Table 3. Comparison characteristics between male and female of M. koreanus characters male female projection of front femora moderately blunt weakly blunt apical 1/2 of fore tibiae curved not curved apical 3/5 of fore tibiae with blunt teeth without blunt teeth basal 7/8 of middle tibiae weakly clavate nearly straight hind tibiae dilated apically, weakly curved outward nearly straight last abdominal ventrite truncate rounded al.; 1, Mt. Daeamsan, Yanggu-gun, 7.vii.2003, JG Kim and TW Kim; 9, 10, Jakjinhang, Samcheok-si, 25.v.2006, BH Jung; [GG] 1, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 30.iv.1961, JU Jeong; 1, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 30.iv.1961, YB Yoo; 1, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 30.vi.1961; 1, Temp. Bogwangsa, Paju-si, 17.vi.1977, JH Yoo; 1, Aengmubong, Paju-si, 18.vi.1977, SM Yeo; 1, Namhansanseong, Gwangju-si, 19.vi.1979, CS Yoo; 1, Mt. Wangbangsan, Pocheon-si, 4.v.1981, KY Yoon; 1, Mt. Soyosan, Dongducheon-si, 10.v.1984, TY Moor; 1, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangjusi, 24.vi.1984, YH Ko; 1, Mt. Cheonmasan, Namyangju-si, 5.v.1987, TY Mun; 1, Mt. Gwanaksan, Gwanak-gu, 15.vi.1987, DJ Kim; 1, Gwangreung, Namyangju-si, 5.v.1988, HJ Jeong; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 15.v.1988; [CE] 1, Mt. Umyeonsan, Gangnam-gu, 25.v.1988, YS Lee; 1, Suweon-si, 3.vi.1991, LJ H; 1, Mt. Yumyeongsan, Gapyeong-gun, 9.iv.1995, JI Kim; 1, Mt. Buramsan, Namyangju-si, 17.ix.1995, JI Kim; 1, Samga-dong, Yongin-si, 30.ix.1995, MS Kim; 1, Mt. Daemosan, Gangnam-gu, 9.vi.1996, HJ Jeong; 1, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suweon-si, 9.iv.1998, SW Park; 1, Mt. Cheonggyesan, Seocho-gu, 19.iv.1998, TW Kim; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 30.iv.1998, Kang and Han; 1, Mt. Hwaaksan, Gapyeong-gun, 29.v.1998, SY Kim; 1, Mt. Suraksan, Nowon-gu, 30.v.1998, HG Kang; 1, Mt. Dobongsan, Dobong-gu, 30.vi.1998, Kang and Han; 1, Mt. Gwanaksan, Gwacheon-si, 14.v.1999, EK Kang; 1, Mt. Umyeonsan, Seocho-gu, 15.v.1999, EH Choi; 1, Namhansanseong, Seongnam-si, 19.v.1999, EK Kang; 1, Namhansanseong, Seongnam-si, 22.v.1999, HR Lee; 1, Okcheon-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun, 28.vii.2000, JI Kim et al.; 1, Achimgoyosumokwon, Gapyeong-gun, 13.v.2001, SY Kim; 2, 1, Mt. Taehwasan, Gwangju-si, 25.ix.2003, SC Hong; 1, Seongmodo, Incheon-si, 12.vi.2005, AY Kim; 1, Gil-dong, Gangdong-gu, 23.vi.2006, BH Jung; 1, Anyang-si, 5.vi.??, SI Park; [CB] 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Danyang-gun, 2.viii. 1994, JI Kim; 1, Danyang-eup, Danyang-gun, 10.v.1997, SY Joh; 1, Mt. Cheondeungsan, Chungju-si, 5.viii.2002, JI Kim et al.; [CN] 1, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, 16.vi.1994, JI Kim; 1, Mt. Seonggeosan, Cheonan-si, 11.iv.1998, JG Lee; [JB] 1, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 5.vii.1985, YH Jeong; 1, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 26.v.1994, JM Park; 1, Temp. Anuksa, Muju-gun, 8.ix. 1999, HC Park; [JN] 1, Mt. Jirisan, Gurye-gun, 7.vii.1976, SH Nam; 1, Gwangju-si, 29.vi.1991; 1, Mt. Baegunsan, Gwangyang-si, 11.viii.1993, SY Kim; [GB] 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 6.vi.1981, SM Kim; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 6.vi.1981, JE Jeong; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 6.vi. 1981, IY Choi; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongju-si, 6.vi.1988, OJ Kwak; 1, Temp. Huibangsa, Yeongju-si, 2.viii.1994, JI Kim; 1, Buryeonggyegok, Uljin-gun, 28.v.1999, JI Kim et al.; 1, Buryeonggyegok, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1999, YH Kim; 1, Buryeonggyegok, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1999, MA Nam; 1, Sogwang-ri, Uljin-gun, 1.viii.1999, JI Kim et al.; [JJ] 1, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun, 15.i.2003, TW Kim. [??] 1,??, 15.viii.1936, S Eguchi.

53 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, 1876 [fig. 16 in pls. VII, IX] Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, 1876: 293; Kaszab, 1968: 11; Imasaka and Chûjô, 1983: 19; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 111; Chûjô and Lee, 1993: 109; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kim, 1995: 406; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 343. Body length mm. Body gourd-shaped, strongly shining, strongly convex, black. Head ovaloblong, with dense punctures and weakly rugose; frons with sparse and coarse punctures; clypeus with fine and sparse punctures; eyes reniform, weakly expanded outwards; inner ocular groove deeply concave; antennomeres 1 to 6 almost filiform, antennomeres 7 to 11 moniliform with stellate sensoria, dilated apically; antennomere 3 about twice longer than 2 and about 1.5 times longer than 4; apical antennomere asymmetrical fusiform; frontoclypeal suture deeply and strongly concave; clypeal anterior margin truncate; apical maxillary palpomere narrow securiform, apical labial palpomere cylindrical to triangular. Pronotum barrel-shaped, roundly and strongly convex, with regular, fine, tiny punctures; anterior margin nearly straight, not rimmed; lateral margins rounded, widest at middle; basal margin slightly rounded. Scutellum rounded triangular. Elytra gradually widening from elytral base to apical 1/3 and steeply narrowing to apex; strongly convex; strial punctures with deep, irregular and fine; intervals convex, with tiny and sparse punctures. All femora strongly clavate; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Front femora with triangular projection at apical 1/3. Fore tibia curved at apical 1/4, roundly dilated inwards at middle, middle tibia clavate, weakly crooked inwards at apical 1/5, apical corner of interior margin triangularly dilated; Female: Fore femora with blunt projection at middle; inner margin of fore tibia weakly sinuous; inner margin of middle tibia weakly sinuous, without teeth. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China (Kirin), Russia (East Siberia). KOREA: GW, GG, CN, JB, JN, GB, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Mt. Daeamsan, Injegun, 5.x.1972; 1, Mt. Chiaksan, 30.vii.1975, JI Kim; 1, Gachilbong, Hongcheon-gun, vi.1984, YI Cho; 1, Temp. Bukdaesa, Mt. Odaesan, 27.v.1998, MG Lee; 1, Mt. Taebaeksan, Taebaek-si, 30.v.1999, JH Park; 1, Mt. Garisan, Hongcheon, 23.viii.1999, HS Eom; [GG] 1, Gwanggyo, Suweonsi, 22.v.1978, MI Baek; 1, Suweon-si, 10. vi.1991, BH Kim; 1, Suweon-si, 13.vii.1994, YS Son; 1, Mt. Gwangyosan, Suweon-si, 23.ix.1995, JS Shin; 1, Mt. Chukryeongsan, Namyangju-si, 23.v.1996, SJ W; 1, Suweon-si, 20.vi.1997, DH Kim; 2, Pocheon-si, 20.viii.1997, JS Kim; 1, Mt. Myeongjisan, Gapyeong-gun, 29.v.1998, SY Kim; [CN] 1, Mt. Gwangdeoksan, Cheonan-si, vi.1994, JI Kim; [JB] 1, Mt. Moaksan, Kimje-si, 30.v. 1997, DH Kim; [JN] 1, Dapgok, Gwangyang-si, 25.vii.1989, SI Lee; 1, Dapgok, Gwangyang-si, 23. vi.1993, CP Choe; 1, Mt. Baekunsan, Gwangyang-si, 26.vi.1993, GS Woo; 1, Mt. Baekunsan, Gwangyang-si, 11.viii.1993, SY Kim; 3, 2, Dapgok, Gwangyang-si, 26.vi.1994, GG Son et al.; 1, Mt. Baekunsan, Gwangyang-si, 26.vi.1994, IG Lee; 1ex., Mt. Baekunsan, Gwangyang-si, 12.viii.1994, JH Kim; 2, Mt. Baekunsan, Gwangyang-si, 23.vi.1995, JH Shin; 2, Mt. Girisan, Piagol, Gurye-gun, 29.v.1997, DH Kim; 1, Mt. Baekamsan, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1999, JI Kim et al.; 2, Nogodan, Jirisan, 29.vii.1999, WG Min; 1, Temp. Angugsa, Mt. Jeokseongsan, Muju-gun, 8.ix.1999, HC Park; [GB] 1, Mt. Sobaesan, 5.vi.1981, CK Kim; 1, Mt. Sobaeksan, Yeongpung-gun, 4.ix.1993, SY Kim; 1, Daegu-si, 1997, JS Kim; [JJ] 1, Jeju-si, 2.viii.1959, KR Lee; [??] 3, 15.viii.1936, Eguchi.

54 46 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles 28. Misolampidius chejudoensis M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982 [fig. 17 in pls. VII, IX] Misolampidius chejudoensis M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka 1982: 124; Imasaka and Chûjô, 1983: 19; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 111; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Kim et al., 1994: 178; Kim, 1995: 406; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 343. Body length mm. Body gourd-shaped, stout, black, and shining. Head with strong, large and coarse punctures; vertex convex, feebly undulate, with shallow groove medially; eyes reniform, weakly emarginate and nearly transverse; anterior area of eyes strongly elevated, inner ocular groove wide and deeply concave; ocular distance about three times wider than eye diameter; antennomeres 1 to 7 filiform, antennomere 8 moniliform, apically with yellow pubescence; antennomere 3 about three times longer than 2 and about 1.4 times longer than 4; apical antennomere fusiform; clypeus depressed, with sparse and fine punctures; frontoclypeal suture deep; clypeal margin truncate; mentum with deep and longitudinal semicircular grooves on both sides; apical maxillary palpomere securiform; apical labial palpomere nearly oval. Pronotum strongly convex, almost barrel-shaped, with dense punctures; anterior margin truncate, not rimmed, anterior angle rounded; lateral margins weakly rimmed, basal margin thickly rimmed; Scutellum triangular, with sparse punctures. Elytra strongly convex; strial punctures fine and dense; intervals weakly convex, with fine and irregular punctures; all femora strongly clavate, with triangular dental projection at basal 2/3; all tarsi with golden setae ventrally. Prosternal process roundly convex, apex obtuse, a little projected backwards. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male of Misolampidius chejudoensis is distinguished from female as follows (Table 4). DISTRIBUTION: Korea (Jejudo, endemic). KOREA: JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [JJ] 1, Jeju-si, 2.ix.1957, PS Cho; 1, Hawon-dong, Seogwipo-si, 20.vii. 1994, HJ Mun; 1, Bukjeju-gun, 17.vii.1995, TJ Kang; 1, Aewol-eup, Bukjeju-gun, 15.vii.1997, JI Kim; 1, 516 roadside, 29.viii.1998, SW Park; 1, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 29.viii.1998, SW Park; 2, Nohyeong-dong, Jeju-si, 10.vii.2002, TW Kim; 1, Mt. Sanbang, Namjeju-gun, 20.iv.2004, TW Kim; 1, 4, Ara-dong, Jeju-si, 27.iv.2006, TM Han. Table 4. Comparison characteristics between male and female of M. chejudoensis characters male female projection of front femora sharp blunt apical 1/4 of fore tibiae strongly curved weakly curved apical 1/5 of middle tibiae with triangular projection without triangular projection basal 7/8 of middle tibiae weakly clavate nearly straight Last abdominal ventrite truncate rounded

55 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae 47 Genus Gnesis Pascoe, 1866 Gnesis Pascoe, 1866: 477. Tromosterunus Harold: 1878b: 130. Elytral base wider than base of pronotum. Elytra greenish or reddish black, shining metallically. Type species: Gnesis helopioides Pascoe, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 9 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Northeast Territory), Taiwan. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982). 29. Gnesis helopioides helopioides (Pascoe, 1866) Gnesis helopioides helopioides Pascoe, 1866: 478; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 342. Tromosternus haagi Harold, 1878: 131. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, China (Northeast Territory), Japan, Manchuria. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. It was recorded by Kwon et al. (1996) in the Korean checklist. This species is uncommon in Japan (Lewis, 1896). It is not impossible that this species exists in the Korean forests, but there are no specimens or any information about it as yet. So I will go on collecting and search. Tribe Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 Stenochiadae Kirby, 1837: 238. Strongyliides Lacordaire, 1859: 291, 478. Stenochiinae Lawrence and Newton, 1995: 894. Body cylindrical, long and narrow. Head prognathous. Antennae with stellate sensoria on 7 or 8 apical antennomeres; all tarsomeres covered with stiff and darkish setae ventrally; tarsomeres nearly cylindrical. Type genus: Stenochia Kirby, 1819 (= Strongylium Kirby, 1819). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 3 (1 in Korea). NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 143 (3 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Asia (South), Japan, Korea, Oriental Region. KEY REFERENCES: Chûjô (1982), Masumoto (1999).

56 48 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Genus Strongylium Kirby, 1819 Strongylium Kirby, 1819: 417. Stenochia Kirby, 1819: 423. Gentinadis Laporte, 1840: 240. Saerangodes Gistel, 1848: 126. Coelolophus Mäklin, 1864: 394. Anomoearthrum Mäklin, 1864: 482. Xanthothopeia Mäklin, 1864: 223. Styrax Westwood, 1875: 227. Massalia Pascoe, 1883: 442. Eustrongylium Kolbe, 1894: 366. Ebenolus Fairmaire, 1897: 227. Zuercheria Reitter, 1908: 134. Crossoscelis Gebien, 1914: 52. Notostrongylium Carter, 1915: 523. Pedostrongylium Pic, 1916: 11. Microstrongylium Pic, 1917: 13 Falsolophocnemis Pic, 1917: 13. Gibbostrongylium Pic, 1917: 18. Poecilesthostrongylium Pic, 1918: 12. Pedoscaelophus Pic, 1922: 28. Reminius Casey, 1924: 321. Antennae long, weakly incrassate from antennomere 6 to apex. Apical ventrite of abdomen emarginate or roundly depressed in male. Type species: Strongylium chalconotum Kirby, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES: 132 (3 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Asia, Oriental Region. KEY REFERENCES: Lewis (1894), Chûjô (1982), Masumoto (1999). Key to the species of Korean Strongylium 1. All elytral intervals flat, not forming costae, weakly rugose, striae narrow weakwithout transverse bars and S. niponicum Alternate elytral intervals forming costae, strial punctures foveate, with transverse bars between each fovea 2 2. Elytral base wider than base of pronotum; humeral angles strongly angulate S. cultellatum Elytral base nearly as wide as base of pronotum; humeral angles rounded S. marseuli

57 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae Strongylium cultellatum cultellatum Mäklin, 1864 [fig. 18 in pls. VII, IX] Strongylium cultellatum Mäklin, 1864: 345; Kolbe, 1886: 210; ZSK, 1968: 112; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 31; Chûjô and Lee, 1993: 109; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 350. Body length mm. Body blackish brown; mouthparts, antennae, and legs brown; apical antennomere yellow. Head coarsely and densely punctate; vertex and frons with large square punctures; frons convex, deeply impressed and with strongly raised lined forming Y between eyes; eyes reniform, thinly rimmed; anterior part of ocular canthi strongly elevated; antennae filiform to moniliform, weakly capitate, with stellate sensoria from antennomere 5 to apex; antennomere 3 about four times longer than 2 and about 0.2 times longer than 4; apical antennomere fusiform; clypeus depressed, with round punctures; frontoclypeal suture U-shaped, roundly concave; labrum almost square, invisible in dorsal view; apical maxillary palpomere widely securiform; apical labial palpomere 3 triangular. Pronotum convex, almost square, 0.25 times wider than long; with large, almost square and dense punctures; midlongitudinal sulcus obscure and sometimes absent; basal and anterior margins strongly rimmed; lateral margins thinly rimmed, swollen laterally and not visible at middle in dorsal view. Scutellum triangular, rounded at tip, with distinctive punctures. Elytra convex, deeply punctate-striae; elytral base wider than base of pronotum; humeral angles strongly angulate; strial punctures deep, large, regular and square (foveate); interval 1 reaching basal 1/3, costate; interval 2 flat, with tiny and sparse punctures; interval 4 flat; intervals 3, 5, and 6 highly costate, with weak punctures. Legs very long; all tarsi with dense setae ventrally; tarsi generally reddish. Procoxae projected, separated by prosternal process. Secondary sexual characteristics. Male: Ocular distance about 5 times narrower than eye diameter. Female: Ocular distance about 2.3 times narrower than eye diameter. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, China (Hongkong). KOREA: GW, GG, CN, JB, JN, GB, GN, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 1, Mt. Odusan, Paju-gun, 8.viii. 1996, JS Jeon; [GG] 1, Samcheong-dong, Jongno-gu, 2.viii.1937; 1, Gureopdo, Ongjin-gun, Incheon-si, 5.viii.1982, JI Kim; 1, Geumchon-dong, Paju-si, 29.viii.1990, SY Choi; 1, Mt. Buramsan, Namyangju-si, 17.ix.1995; 1, Mt. Bukhansan, 27.vii.2003, W Kang; [CN] 1, Jugyo-myeon, Boryeong-si, 10.vii.1978, JO Lee; [JB] 1, Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-si, 19.vii.1998, TM Han; [JN] 1, Yeondo, Yeocheon-gun, 5.viii. 1993; 1, Odonggo Yeosu-si, 9.viii.1994, YH Paek; 1, Sandong-myeon, Gurye-gun, 3.viii.1996, JS Lee; 1ex, Geomundo, 21.iv.2005, IS YU; [GB] 1, Mt. Juwangsan, Cheongsong-gun, 29.vii.1983, KS Jang; [JJ] 2,2, Dongheung-dong, Seogwipo-si, 9.vii.2002, TW Kim; 1, Mt. Sanbangsan, Namjejugun, 14.viii. 2004, JK Kim and TW Kim. Oh s collection; [GN] 4, Geoje-si, 6.vii.2004, HY Oh; [JJ] 3, Sanghyo-dong, Seogwipo-si, 2.v.1990, HY Oh. 31. Strongylium marseuli marseuli Lewis, 1894 Strongylium marseuli marseuli Lewis, 1894: 481; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 351.

58 50 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles DISTRIBUTION: Korea (North Korea), Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean specimens of this species were not examined. Since it was recorded by Kwon and Choi (1986), it was included in several Korean checklists, based on their report. This species is known from North Korea, according to the recent catalogue of Palaearctic Tenebrionidae (Löbl et al., 2008); specimens from North Korea are housed in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, but these have well-developed hind wings and are seem to be misidentified S. cultellatum (Dr. Ottó Merkl, personal communication). I have not found specimens in institutes and universities having insect collections. And we tried to collect them in many islands, including Deokjeokdo, Soyado, Guleopdo, Weonsando, Geomundo, Wooido, Jaeundo, Bigeumdo, Jejudo and Daecheongdo, without success. This species has vestigial hind wings, and is widely distributed in Japan in rotten wood (Masumoto, 1999). This species is found on old trees in the midsummer (Lewis, 1894). Several brachypterous or apterous species apparently derived from ancestral species of Asian Strongylium without modification of fundamental morphology of the genus. It is possible that after primary dispersal to various areas in East Asia, Strongylium marseuli became brachypterous and underwent some modification because of the loss of hind wings (Masumoto, 1999). 32. Strongylium niponicum Lewis, 1894 Strongylium niponicum Lewis 1894: 480; Yoon and Nam, 1980: 129; Kwon and Choi, 1986: 106; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kwon et al., 1996: 162; Löbl et al., 2008: 351. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None. REMARKS: Korean Specimens of this species were not examined. Since it was recorded by Yoon and Nam (1980) in the fauna of Temple Gab-sa, it was cited in several Korean checklists based on their report. We did not find the specimens in the collection of the Korea University where they should be deposited. Perhaps it was misidentified, so occurrence of this species in Korea needs confirmation. Subfamily Pimeliinae Latreille, 1802 Pimeliariae Latreille, 1802: 165. Antennae not distinctly clubbed. Labrum transverse, often strongly. Mentum often large, concealing mouthparts. Procoxal cavities externally closed behind. Mesocoxae with or without exposed trochantins, their cavities closed laterally by sterna or partly by mesepimera. Elytra rarely striate; if so, each with 10 striae and scutellary striole. Wings rarely present, without subcubital flecks. Tarsal segments and claws simple. Abdominal glands absent. Abdominal ventrites with intersegmental membranes concealed, except in the Palaearctic tribes Pimeliini and Platyopini. Aedeagus inverted.

59 Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae 51 KEY REFERENCES: Doyen (1972, 1994), Doyen and Lawrende (1979), Watt (1974), Arnett et al. (2002). Tribe Idisiini G.S. Medvedev, 1973 Idisiini, G.S. Medvedev, 1973: 644. Type genus: Idisia Pascoe, NUMBER OF PALAEARCTIC GENERA: 5 (1 in Korea). DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East), China (Nei Mongol, Northeast Territory). KEY REFERENCES: Medvedev (1973). Genus Idisia Pascoe, 1866 Idisia Pascoe, 1866: 452. Type species: Idisia ornata Pascoe, DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East), China (Nei Mongol, Northeast Territory). KEY REFERENCES: Medvedev (1992). 33. Idisia ornata Pascoe, 1866 [fig. 19 in pls. VII, IX] Idisia ornata Pascoe, 1866: 452; Kaszab, 1968: 9 (Idiesa; North Korean fauna); Kim, 1979: 92; 1981a: 65; 1980b: 142; 1983: 83; Chûjô and Lee, 1992: 35; Kim et al., 1994: 176; Kim, 1995: 406; Kwon et al., 1996: 163; Löbl et al., 2008: 149. Body length mm. Body gourd-shaped, covered with scale-like hairs; head, pronotum and some parts of elytra black, covered with dense white hairs, middle of elytra with yellowish hairs; antennae, mouthpart and legs reddish brown with white hairs. Head prominent, weakly convex; eyes weakly projecting, with short hairs; ocular canthi reduced, weakly emarginate; frons convex at middle and impressed at each side; ocular distance about twice wider than eye diameter; antennae moniliform, capitate, thick and short, reaching half of pronotum; antennomeres 9 to 10 dilated, antennomere 11 embedded in 10, forming close circle; antennomere 3 about 1.5 times longer than 2 and 4; clypeus semicircular; clypeal anterior margin bisinuate; apical maxillary palpomere cylindrical; apical labial palpomere fusiform. Pronotum convex, widest at middle, with thin midlongitudinal sulcus; base narrower than anterior edge, all margins indistinct. Scutellum concealed dorsally by interval 1 of elytra. Elytra elongate-oval, gradually narrowed apically and strongly convex; with cross-shaped pattern at middle, covered with yellowish hairs; elytral striae wide, deep and regular, with two rows of punctures; distinct at apical 1/3 and diminished from there to apex;

60 52 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles intervals strongly convex, twice narrower than elytral striae, with tiny punctures. Legs relatively thick and robust; all tibiae with 2 apical spines; fore tibiae dilated and curved apically, outer apical angle sharp triangular; outer margin of fore tibiae with row of spines; all femora cylindrically swollen from basal 1/3 to apex. DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East), China (Nei Mongol, Northeast Territory). KOREA: GW, GG, CN, JB, JN, GB, JJ. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [GW] 2exs, Sancheok-gun, 27.iv.1984, JI Kim ex sand dune; 6exs, Anin beach, Gangneung-si, 26.iv.2006, BH Jung and AY Kim ex sand dune; 1ex, Anin beach, Gangneungsi, 3.viii.2006, Jung et al. ex sand dune; [GG] 1ex, Is. Buleum-do, Gangwha-gun, 8.vii.1987, JI Kim ex sand dune; 10exs, Seopo-ri beach, Is. Deokjeok-do, Ongin-gun, Incheon-si, 22.vi.2007, HC Park and BH Jung ex sand dune; 2exs, Ddetbbur beach, Is. Soya-do, Ongin-gun, Incheon-si, 23.vii.2007 JI Kim and BH Jung ex sand dune; 5exs, Seopo-ri beach, Is. Deokjeok-do, Ongin-gun, Incheon-si, 24.vii. 2007, BH Jung ex sand dune; 30exs, Guleop-do beach, Is. Guleop-do, Ongin-gun, Incheon-si, viii.2007, HC Park and BH Jung ex sand dune; [CN] 2exs, Sindu-ri, Taean-gun, 2.vii.2001, JK Kim ex sand dune; 10exs, Sambong beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eup, Taean-gun, 25.iv.2005, BH Jung ex sand dune; 5exs, Sambong beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eup, Taean-gun, 22.iv.2005, BH Jung ex sand dune; 2exs, Sambong beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eup, Taean-gun, 6.vi.2005, SY Kim and BH Jung ex sand dune; 1ex, Sambong beach, Changgi-ri, Anmyeon-eup, Taean-gun, 27.viii.2005, BH Jung ex sand dune; 10exs, Wonsan beach, Is. Wonsan-do, Boyreong-gun, 11.v.2007; 23.vii.2007, HC Park and BH Jung ex sand dune; 5exs, Obong beach, Is. Wonsan-do, Boyreong-gun, 11.v.2007; 22.vii.2007, HC Park and BH Jung ex sand dune; [JB] 1ex, Gwangseung-beach, Gochang-gun, 17.vii.2007, BH Jung and JB Seung ex sand dune; [JN] 5exs, Is. Bikeum-do, Sinan-gun, 19.vii.1979, JI Kim ex sand dune; [GB] 1ex, Wonnam, Uljin-gun, 29.v.1999, SK Oh ex sand dune; 6exs, Wolsongjeong, Pyeonghae-eup, Uljin-gun, 25.iv.2006, BH Jung and AY Kim ex sand dune; 6exs, Wolsongjeong, Pyeonghae-eup, Uljin-gun, 25.iv.2006, BH Jung ex sand dune; 10exs, Wolsongjeong, Pyeonghae-eup, Uljin-gun, 1.viii.2006 Jung et al. ex sand dune; [JJ] 2exs, Pyeoseon beach, Namjeju-gun, 8.viii.1999, SY Kim ex sand dune; 50exs, Sinyang beach, Seongsan-eup, Seoguipo-si, 5.v.2012, BH Jung and JB Seong ex sand dune; 20exs, Ha-do beach, Sewha-eup, Jeju-si, 22.vi.2012, BH Jung and JB Seong ex sand dune.

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68 60 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Pic M (1922) Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges Exotico-Entomologiques 37: Pic M (1929) Nouveautés diverses. Mélanges Exotico-Entomologiques 54: Redtenbacher L (1845) Die Gattungen der deutschen Käfer-Fauna nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet, nebst einem kurzgefassten Leitfaden zum Studium dieses Zweiges der Entomolgie. Carl Ueberreuter, Wien, [14]+177+[1] pp., pls I, II. Reitter E (1900) Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Coleopteren-Gattung Laena Latr. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1899: Reitter E (1908) Zwei neue Coleopteren aus Adana in Kleinasien. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 26(4 5): Reitter E (1917) Bestimmungs-Schlüssel für die Unterfamilien und Tribus der paläarktischen Tenebrionidae. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 36: Reitter E (1920) Tenebrionidae. XV. Teil. Bestimmungstabelle der Unterfamilien: Belopinae, Borinae, Tenebrioninae und Coelometopinae der Tenebrionidae (Col.). Bestimmungstabelle der Europäischen Coleopteren. Heft 87, Edmund Reitter s Nachfolger, Paskau (Mähren), pp Reitter E (1922) Bestimmungstabelle der palaearktischen Helopinae (Col. Tenebrionidae). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 39: 1 44, Ren G, Yu Y (1999) The darkling beetles from deserts and semideserts of China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Hebei University Publishing House, 395 pp. Schaum HR (1859) Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae. In: Verbindung mit Dr. G. Kraatz und H. v. Kiesenwetter. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, iv+121 pp. Schawaller W (1995) Revision der Laena Mittelasiens (Insecta, Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Spixiana 18: Seidlitz G (1896) Tenebrionidae. In: Kiesenwetter Hv, Seidlitz G Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abteilung. Coleoptera. Fünfter Band. Erste Hälfte. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, pp Seidlitz G (1898) Lagriidae. Pp In: Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste Abtheilung. Coleoptera. Fünfter Band. Zweite Hälfte. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, pp Solsky SM (1871) Coléoptères de la Sibirie orientale. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 7[1870]: Solsky SM (1876) Matériaux pour l entomographie des provinces asiatiques de la Russie. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 11: Thomson CG (1858) Voyage au Gabon. Histoire naturelle des Insectes et des Arachnides recueillis pendant un voyage fait au Gabon en 1856 et Insectes. I. Ordre Coléoptères. Archives Entomologiques 2: , pls xiv. Thomson CG (1859) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade. I. Tom. Berlingska Bogtryckeriet, Lund, v+290 pp. Tschinkel WR, Doyen JT (1980) Comparative anatomy of the defensive Glands, ovipositors and female genital tubes of Tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 9: Watt JC (1967) A review of classifications of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 102: Watt JC (1974) A revised subfamily classification of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1(4): Watt JC (1992) Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Col.), Catalogue of types and keys to taxa. Fauna of New Zealand 26: Westwood JO (1875) Descriptions of new Heteromerous Coleoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 23(3):

69 Literature Cited 61 Yoon IB, Nam SH (1979) Insect fauna of remote islands from Isl. Geoje in summer season. Report of the Korean Association for Conservation of Nature 14: (In Korean.) ZSK = Zoological Society of Korea (1968) Nomina animalium Koreanorum (2) Insecta. Zoological Society of Korea pp (in Korean).

70 62 Plates 1. Laena chejuana M.T. Chûjô, Anaedus mroczkowskii Kaszab, Luprops orientalis (Motschulsky, 1868) 4. Luprops cribrifrons Marseul, Micropedinus pullulus (Boheman, 1858) 6. Micropedinus pallidipennis Lewis, Lagria nigricollis Hope, 1843 (a, male; b, female) 8. Lagria rufipennis Marseul, 1876 (a, male; b, female) 9. Cerogria janthinipennis (Fairmaire, 1886) (a, male; b, female) 10. Anisostira rugipennis (Lewis, 1896) 11. Promethis valgipes (Marseul, 1876) (a, male; b, female) 12. Derosphaerus subviolaceus (Motschulsky, 1860) (a, male; b, female) 13. Stenophanes mesostena (Solsky, 1871) 14. Menephilus lucens Marseul, Misolampidius koreanus M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, 1982 (a, male; b, female) 16. Misolampidius tentyrioides Solsky, Misolampidius chejudoensis M.T. Chûjô and Imasaka, Strongylium cultellatum Maklin, Idisia ornata Pascoe, 1866

71 Plates 63 Plate I 1a 1b 2 3

72 64 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Plate II 4 5 6

73 Plates 65 Plate III 7a 7b 8a 8b

74 66 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Plate IV 9a 9b 10a 10b

75 Plates 67 Plate V 11a 11b 12a 12b

76 68 Insect Fauna of Korea Darkling Beetles Plate VI a 15b

77 Plates 69 Plate VII

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