Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013

Transcription

1 European Parliament, PECHE Committee, public hearing on Evaluation of the Mediterranean Fisheries Regulations. Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013 Giacomo Chato Osio* & Max Cardinale** 16 December 2013 * European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy **Chairman of STECF EWG MED,

2 Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea resources in European Waters in 2013 Guidelines for the evaluation of stock status Terminology Spawning stock biomass (SSB) is the biomass of the adult or reproducing fish Fishing mortality (F) is the proportion of fish in the stock that are taken by the fisheries F MSY is the F associated to high long term yields and the long-term sustainable exploitation of the stock F/F MSY indicates how far each stock is from the MSY target. If F/F MSY >1 stock is overexploitetd

3 Mediterranean and Black Sea stock assessment unit

4 Historical trend of the assessed stocks 60 Assessment F reference points 50 Number of stocks Years

5 Process to determine the status of stocks Results of STECF stock assessments are summarized from 16 expert meetings held over 7 years ( ) Reviewed by STECF The supporting data comes from: the DCR and DCF data collection carried out over the period and 12 data calls Results of GFCM stock assessments derive from: assessments performed in 1 working group per year revised by SCSA once per year in last 4 years This is a large body of high quality stock assessments.

6 Stock status compared to MSY target 1.00

7 Stock status compared to MSY target by year

8 Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA

9 Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA

10 Stock status compared to MSY target by GSA

11 Stock status compared to MSY target by groups

12 Italy Nominal effort trends of otter trawlers Greece Spain France Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall

13 Nominal Effort trends by GSA and country Unstandardized data from 2013 DCF datacall

14 Nominal Effort trends by GSA and country Unstandardized data from 2013 DCF datacall

15 Nominal Effort trends by GSA, Fishery, VL and Year Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall

16 Nominal Effort trends by GSA, Fishery, VL and Year Unstandardized data from 2012 DCF datacall

17 Stock status in the last assessment year compared to MSY target STECF % decrease in F % decrease in F GSA Common name Species Fcurr Fmsy GSA Common name Species Fcurr Fmsy 1 Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus White anglerfish Lophius budegassa Hake Merluccius merluccius Hake Merluccius merluccius Red mullet Mullus barbatus Red mullet Mullus barbatus Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus Pink shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus Angler fish Lophius budegassa Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Pink shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus Hake Merluccius merluccius Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Hake Merluccius merluccius Octopus Octopus vulgaris Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Poor cod Trisopterus minutus Pink shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris Red mullet Mullus barbatus Angler fish Lophius budegassa Sardine Sardina pilchardus Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antentus Greater forkbeard Phycis blennoides Blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Hake Merluccius merluccius Striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Hake Merluccius merluccius Red mullet Mullus barbatus Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus

18 Stock status in the last assessment year compared to MSY target STECF % decrease in F % decrease in F GSA Common name Species Fcurr Fmsy GSA Common name Species Fcurr Fmsy 11 Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Hake Merluccius merluccius Hake Merluccius merluccius Red mullet Mullus barbatus Red mullet Mullus barbatus Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Pink shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Sardine Sardina pilchardus Sardine Sardina pilchardus Common sole Solea solea Picarel Spicara smaris Red mullet Mullus barbatus Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Sardine Sardi pilchardus Sprat Sprattus sprattus Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Turbot Psetta maxima Hake Merluccius merluccius Whiting Merlangius merlangus Spottail mantis shrimp Squilla mantis Common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea Hake Merluccius merluccius Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus Blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus Pink shrimp Parapeeus longirostris Red mullet Mullus barbatus Red mullet Mullus barbatus Black bellied anglerfish Lophius budegassa Around 94% of the analysed Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks are estimated to be exploited unsustainably in

19 Stock status in the last assessment year compared to MSY target GFCM GSA Species Year period F MSY F curr F MSY /F curr Status % reduction in F 1 Merluccius merluccius Overexploited 81 5 Merluccius merluccius Overexploited 89 5 Mullus surmulletus Overexploited 68 5 Aristaeus antennatus Overexploited 74 5 Nephrops norvegicus Overexploited 70 6 Mullus barbatus Overexploited 72 6 Aristaeus antennatus Overexploited 52 6 Parapenaeus longirostris Overexploited 69 7 Merluccius merluccius Overexploited 91 7 Mullus barbatus Overexploited 60 9 Merluccius merluccius Overexploited 87 9 Mullus barbatus Overexploited 13 9 Mullus surmulletus Overexploited 45 9 Galeus melastomus Overexploited 69 9 Aristaeus antennatus Overexploited 48 9 Nephrops norvegicus Overexploited 40 9 Parapenaeus longirostris Sustainable Raja asterias Sustainable 0 9 Raja clavata Overexploited 67 9 Scyliorhinus canicula Overexploited 61

20 Stock status in the last assessment year compared to MSY target GFCM GSA Species Year period F MSY F curr F MSY /F curr Status % reduction in F 16 Raja clavata Overexploited Squilla mantis Overexploited Solea solea Overexploited Merluccius merluccius Overexploited Parapenaeus longirostris Overexploited Mullus barbatus Overexploited Mullus surmulletus Overexploited Boops boops Overexploited Pagellus erythrinus Overexploited Merlangius merlangius Overexploited 5 29 Psetta maxima Overexploited Squalus acanthias Overexploited Parapenaeus longirostris Overexploited Mullus barbatus Overexploited Lophius budegassa Overexploited Pagellus erythrinus Overexploited Aristaeomorpha foliacea Overexploited 60 Around 95% of the analysed Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks are estimated to be exploited unsustainably in

21 Modelling achievements

22 Productivity and Susceptibility analysis 151 Mediterranean Demersal and bathydemersal fish stocks Productivity Attributes: Maximum age (tmax) Maximum size (Lmax) Growth coefficient (k) Natural mortality (M) Fecundity Age-at-maturity (tmat) Mean trophic level Susceptibility attributes: Areal overlap Vertical overlap Morphological characteristics affecting capture Desirability or value of the fishery Management strategy Fishing mortality rate (in relation to M) Survival after capture and release. a A From Hobday et al. 2007

23 Species with estimated Mean Exploitation level

24 IUCN Classification

25

26 Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources State of the art Knowledge on the status of Mediterranean and Black Sea stocks is improving rapidly Between 94% and 95% of the stocks analysed is overexploited compared to F MSY An overall reduction between 45% and 51% in F is necessary to reach MSY Observed reduction in nominal effort did not result in a decline in F Reducing F will not reach MSY without changes in selectivity

27 Current selectivity compared to the optimal one Hake Gsa Solea Gsa Sardine Gsa Yield (tons) Red mullet Gsa Striped red mullet Gsa Anchovy Gsa Norway lobster Gsa Pink shrimp Gsa Giant red shrimp Gsa F opt F MSY F curr Colloca, Cardinale et al. Fish and Fisheries, 2011

28 Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Immediate actions Reduce F for all demersal fisheries through reduction in factual effort or/and catches. Implement a TAC system for small pelagics (as in the GFCM resolution for small pelagics in GSA 17). Modify gear selectivity to move towards MSY. Several stocks are shared fisheries/stocks with non EU contries and thus more effort should go into assessing these stocks.

29 Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Way forward Move to stock integrated models which can estimate M, handle multifleet data and model selectivity. The number of species under assessment is low, need of providing advice for the others: For data poor un-assessed stocks move forward with risk analysis like the PSA. For stocks with at least catch series apply methods tested by FAO to derive B/Bmsy.

30 Status of Mediterranean and Black Sea marine resources Foreseen Issues There are signs of fisheries data quality loss: in the Mediterranean there are sampling problems in some areas (e.g. GSA 8 and 11) in Black Sea poor sampling in many countries Data lack in the near future: no turbot survey was performed in Romania and no pelagic survey in Bulgaria and Romania in 2013 catch and landings in Italy in 2013? Data issues might reduce the capacity of assessing stock status. Resources for Mediterranean stock assessments are limited and it will be difficult to in increase the number of assessments.

31 Acknowledgments This presentation was possible thanks to: Data collection of Member States EC JRC for data collection and database management STECF Secretariat and STECF All the experts attending the STECF meetings Stock assessments of GFCM We are particularly grateful to Hajo Raetz and Aymen Charef

32 National Management Plans (November 2013) Source(IP/B/PECH/NT/2013_06)

33 Management Plans in the Mediterranean Sea Approximately 27 national management plans in place in the Mediterranean. Large proportion was evaluated by STECF with mixed results: As an example the Spanish trawler plan: STECF concludes that the proposed Spanish management plan for , while being on appropriate scientific background and setting correct goals (i.e. Fmsy), is unlikely to achieve Fmsy for any stocks by One shared stock management plan for small pelagics approved in GSA 17 by GFCM in Further details:

34 Temporal trend in F/Fmsy

35 Temporal trend in F/Fmsy

36 Modelling achievements Moving from XSA to statistical catch at age model (e.g. A4a,SS3) Main advantages over classic VPA and other SCAA models: Provide estimates of uncertainty Can estimate M Can provide different functional response for selectivity Can handle multi fleets