RECOFI Technical Workshop on Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture Doha, Qatar October 2010

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1 RECOFI Technical Workshop on Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture Doha, Qatar October 2010 Disclaimer This is an unedited presentation given at the RECOFI Technical Workshop on Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture. The Organizers do not guarantee the accuracy or authenticity of the contents. Citations Please use the following citation sequence when citing this document: 1. Author. 2. Title. 3. Presented at the RECOFI Technical Workshop on Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture October 2010, Doha, Qatar.

2 RECOFI Regional Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture Sultanate of Oman by Fatma Rashid Al-Kiyumi & Fahad Saleh Ibrahim October 2010, Doha, Qatar

3 Part 1. Geography Coastline: About 3,165 km long EEZ: about 400,000 sq km in the Indian Ocean. Three seas: the Arabian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, the Arabian Sea Fish landing sites: 60 Fisheries sector is the second largest national economy after oil and gas industry with annual turn over of about 104 million OR, about US$40 million Fish consumption per capita:27kg/yr

4 Part 2. Marine capture fisheries profile Marine fisheries sector is divided into: Traditional Industrial Aquaculture Target species About 1,500 species of bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes and crustaceans have been indentified in Omani waters. Of these the main target species are Large pelagic kingfish, tuna Demersal (groupers, seabreams) Crustaceans: shrimps, lobsters Molluscs: abalone, cuttlefish Number of vessels 14,000 traditional vessels, 30 industrial trawlers, 42 tuna longliners and 7 multi-gear use vessels. Main traditional fishing gears Gill/drift net, traps, lines (handline, logline) and seines. beach

5 The trend of fish landings during Total fish production (tonnes) during , , , , , , , , ,

6 Total value (OR million) of fish produced ( ) قيمة الا نتاج مليون ريال

7 Marine capture fisheries profile Continued Monitoring, control and surveillance systems Enforcement of fisheries legislation is the responsibility of the Department of Fisheries Surveillance and Enforcement (DFSE) Licensing Companies and fish processing plant surveillance State border surveillance Commercial fisheries surveillance Traditional surveillance Responsible management authority ty Ministry of Fisheries Wealth is responsible for the application of methods and control systems for effective adoption of laws and regulations by fishing vessels

8 Management options (input/output controls) Direct monitoring system To monitor fishing vessels during fishing trips, observers on-board the vessels oversee the activities of the ships and record all fishing operations and locations. Satellite monitoring The ministry introduced this type of monitoring through remote sensing system to monitor the movement of commercial fishing vessels. Monitoring fish unloading Follow-up and make sure of the quantities and types of fishes that were caught during the voyage. Major concerns (IUU, overcapacity, overfishing, etc.) POA-IUU has been developed in accordance with the International Plan of Action to prevent IUU fishing. Few fish stocks have been overfished (kingfish, lobster, abalone etc). There will be ban on industrial trawl fishing in Oman soon

9 Part 3. Aquaculture country profile Human resources Status of aquaculture Public sector PhD. Master BSc. 1 BSc. 2 Technicians/labors Ministry of Fisheries Wealth Sultan Qaboos University Fishermen Training Institute Ministry of Manpower Private sector 2 1 The Institute is graduating about 37 annually in the field of fish/aquaculture Shrimp farm 4 School level Cage farm School level 1 contract

10 Geographic distribution of farming systems and characteristics Syste m Geographical location Characteristics Cage farm Muscat Region Welayat of Quriyat Seabream cages: Number of cages: 20 Size of cage: 40 m circumference Depth of nets: 8-10m Depth at site: 20m Port access to site: Yes Distance (site-port): 2 km Production capacity/cage: 15t Tuna fattening: Number of cages:4 Size of cage:50m dia Depth of nets:26m Depth at site: 40m Port access to site: 3 km Stocking density/cage: 3000 fish (20-25kg/fish) Shrimp farm AL Wusta Region Mid region of the country Number of ponds: (14 ponds-5h,4 ponds-2h, 1 pond-8h) Stocking density: 5-15/m 2 Road access to site: Yes Distance (capital-site): 500km Main cultured species - Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus, P. semisulcatus - European seabream, Sparus aurata

11 Aquaculture country profile Continued Applied research, education and training Activity Applied research Education Training Institution - Aquaculture Centre, Ministry of Fisheries Wealth - Sultan Qaboos University - Fishermen Training Institute - Fishermen Training Institute Issues Aquaculture is not taking off, due to (availability of sites, recognition) Trends and development The aquaculture industry is at its early stage the trends fluctuate uate as some commercial projects were terminated due to HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom)

12 Aquaculture production 2008 and market and trade Species Quantity (t) Market and trade Indian white shrimp, P. indicus European seabream, S. aurata 34 Local and regional market 86 Regional and international market Current production of P. indicus is about 250 t/yr

13 Part 4. Case studies Case study No.1. Use of remote sensing system to control the movement of commercial vessels Introduction Application of remote sensing system (satellite) is used to control the movement of fishing vessels from the ministry and to record data such as coordinates of the location and speed of the vessels Main issue or objective addressed Determine the site and routes of fishing vessels by satellite. Determine the distances and depths of the vessels engaged in fishing

14 Case studies Continued Guide the vessel to fish only in the authorized fishing area Give early warning in the event of an emergency Send reports periodically from the vessel to the Ministry through the observer Provide daily reports on the number of vessels and activities

15 Results دعب نع راعشتسالا ماظن رامقأ سوجرأ ديصلا قطانم ةبقارم ةجلاعم تانايبلا ARMADORES ADORES ةيسيئر لابقتسإ ةطحم CLS /MELEC نفس ديصلا لحاسلا نع ةنيفسلا دعب حضوت ةروص MIPE عقاولماو عقاوملاو تانايبلا لابقتسإ IMARPE تانايبلا ليلحتو ةعباتم DICAPI ليلحتو ةعباتم تانايبلا سار ةكردم The VMS to control and monitor the movement of licensed commercial fishing vessels

16 Case study No.2. Fish resources assessment survey in the Arabian Sea coast of Oman Scope and Objectives To provide good quality estimates of biomass of fishes in the Arabian Sea coast of Oman. To provide information on stock estimates, seasonal distribution and abundance for selected target species. To collect pertinent biological information for reference points and sample in both traditional and commercial fishing areas. To provide information on the other species collected during the survey.

17 To provide oceanographic information that will contribute to an understanding of the biodiversity and ecological dynamics. To provide spatial habitat information that will support development of spatially related management opportunities. To explore traditional fishing grounds. To investigate the existence of new fishing grounds beyond 250m depths.

18 Map 1 :- Showing the locations (A,B,C,D) and depths of the survey (20,50,100,150,200,250,500,1000,1500 of contour lines). Map 2: Output of GIS describes the spatial distribution of different types of fish 22 REVISED STRATUM B OUN DARIES Strat um 1 = 20-50m Strat um 2 = m Strat um 3 = m Strat um 4 = m A 20 Oman B C 18 N D Scal e (nm) E

19 The geographical distribution of king soldierbream (Argyops spinfer) Reproduction Season L 50% Biomass (T) (T) MSY Sep-Dec ,381 2,514

20 The geographical distribution of longnose trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys) Reproduction Season L 50% Biomass (T) (T) MSY Prolonged ,024 2,464

21 Fish survey sites for myctophids (Lanternfishes): shaded in black, coastal survey sites; shaded in gray survey sites of deep-sea

22 Case study No.3. Available remote sensing data of sea surface temperature, currents, chlorophyll in the Arabian Sea coast of Oman Current Chlorophyll Temperature

23 Case study No.4. An Atlas of the entire coastline produced using satellite imagery and overlaid with pertinent information for aquaculture determine suitable sites for aquaculture operations, stock enhancement establish infrastructure needs for commercial aquaculture

24 Part 5. Challenges and major issues Challenges, issues and opportunities for developing a GIS and Remote sensing infrastructure to support the spatial planning strategy at national and regional level Challenges IUU fishing Migratory species fisheries (e.g. Kingfish) Shared stock fisheries (e.g. oil sardine) Tuna and tuna like fisheries Information of special tools between GCC countries Have good shared network to increase knowledge Issues Action plan to prevent and eliminate IUU fishing Overfishing of some commercial species

25 Challenges and major issues Ongoing initiatives relevant to the scope of the workshop and the development of spatial planning strategy Initiatives: Continued To sustain the kingfish fisheries in the GCC waters, a regional workshop was conducted during February 2010 at Muscat, Oman. It was resolved to fix the legal size for capture of kingfish by the fishermen of all the GCC countries

26 Continued Opportunities Regional/Multilateral cooperation Sensitize local fishermen with facts of stock status Catch quota allocation (output control) Legal size of fish Seasonal / Area closure for fishing Input control To apply IUU fishing in all GCC countries to protect the countries from violation Use of GIS to :Track the migration of fish species, (shared stock fishery)

27 Thank You