SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE SIXTH REGULAR SESSION August Nuku alofa, Tonga

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE SIXTH REGULAR SESSION August Nuku alofa, Tonga"

Transcription

1 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE SIXTH REGULAR SESSION August 2010 Nuku alofa, Tonga Evaluaton of longlne mtgaton to reduce catches of North Pacfc strped marln n the Hawa-based tuna fshery 1 WCPFC SC6 2010/EB WP 03 Keth Bgelow 2 and Bruno Mourato 2,3,4 1 PIFSC Workng Paper WP Issued 30 July NOAA Fsheres Pacfc Islands Fsheres Scence Center, Honolulu, Hawa, USA 3 Unversdade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departmento de Pesca e Aqucultura, Laboratóro de Oceanografa Pesquera, Recfe-PE, Brazl 4 Unversty of Hawa Jont Insttute for Marne and Atmospherc Research, Honolulu, Hawa, USA

2 1 Introducton Strped marln n the North Pacfc are prmarly harvested n longlne fsheres targetng speces such as tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfsh (Xphas gladus). Annual catches have declcned from ~17,000 mt n the early 1960s to ~3,000 mt n 2006 (Fgure 1). Strped marln are prmarly harvested by longlne fsheres from Japan n the northwest Pacfc and the USA n the central Pacfc wth smaller catches from Korea and Chnese-Tape longlne fleets and are also targeted n coastal fsheres off Japan and Chnese- Tape and support valuable recreatonal fsheres off Australa, New Zealand, Mexco and the Unted States. The Internatonal Scentfc Commttee for Tuna and Tuna-lke speces n the North Pacfc (ISC) completed a strped marln assessment n 2007 consderng a stock n the entre North Pacfc (Pner et al. 2007). The assessment was conducted n SS2 wth a structure of 29 dfferent fsheres, defned by regon, country and gear. Nne fsheres, all of them longlne fsheres from the western or central Pacfc, provded reasonable measures of abundance. Two assessment scenaros were based on alternatve assumptons about the steepness of the stock-recrutment relatonshp and under these two scenaros the spawnng bomass of the North Pacfc strped marln stock was estmated to have been fshed down to between 6% and 16% of ts 1952 abundance. Ths low range of spawner abundance suggested that the stock was n a depleted condton and the ISC offered the followng conservaton advce (ISC 2007): Whle further gudance from the management authorty s necessary, ncludng gudance on reference ponts and the desrable degree of reducton, the fshng mortalty rate of strped marln (whch can be converted nto effort or catch n management) should be reduced from the current level (2003 or before), takng nto consderaton varous factors assocated wth ths speces and ts fshery. Untl approprate measures n ths regard are taken, the fshng mortalty rate should not be ncreased. Brodzak and Pner (2010) presented probable status of N. Pacfc strped marln by conductng two assessment scenaros to account for dfferent hypotheses about the steepness of the stock-recrutment dynamcs. Values of relatve fshng mortalty rates durng were 367% of F MSY under scenaro 1 and 190% of F MSY under scenaro 2. Correspondng estmates of strped marln bomass were below S MSY and ranged from 29% of S MSY under scenaro 1 to 44% of S MSY under scenaro 2. In relaton to MSYbased reference ponts, strped marln was experencng overfshng and the stock was consdered depleted under each steepness scenaro. Gven the hgh estmated fshng mortalty, the objectves of ths study were to conduct analyses of potental longlne catch reductons of N. Pacfc strped marln whle mantanng target bgeye tuna catches. Longlne mtgaton was based on modfcaton of longlne gear and spatally closed areas. The analyss was conducted on the Hawa-based longlne fshery whch comprses ~10% of the total N. Pacfc catch of strped marln snce 2000 and s well suted to analyses of longlne mtgaton because detaled operatonal and catch data have been gathered by the Pacfc Islands Regonal Observer Program (PIROP) snce The Hawa-based pelagc longlne fshery s composed of two sectors whch target bgeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) wth deep gear and swordfsh (Xphus gladus) wth shallow gear. The medan depth of the deepest hook on 266 deep sets was 248 m, whereas that on 333 shallow sets was 60 m (Bgelow et al. 2006). The study consdered the deep set fshery due to larger strped marln catches and potentally greater mtgaton optons as deep gear fshes at a greater range of depth and habtat than 1

3 shallow gear targetng swordfsh. Aspects of gear mtgaton consdered n the study were the effcacy of removng shallow hooks adjacent to longlne floats and converson of termnal gear from Japanese style tuna hooks to 18/0 crcle hooks. A spatal and temporal analyss was conducted to nvestgate the exstence of strped marln catch rate (CPUE) hot spots. An evaluaton of establshng tuna longlne fshery closures was conducted wth the trade-off between strped marln catch reductons and loss of target bgeye catch. 2 Methods 2.1 Observer data Levels of observer coverage ncreased from 4.7% of longlne sets n 1995, nearly trpled n 2000 and averaged 24.4% durng (Walsh et al. 2009). The PIROP observers record operatonal detals of the longlne set and retreval, speces specfc estmates of fsh catch on a partcular hook poston, condton upon longlne retreval (.e. lve or dead), subsequent dsposton (.e. retaned or dscarded), and lengths. They also montor nteractons wth protected or endangered speces (PIRO 2010). Deep sets were characterzed as a longlne set wth at least 15 hooks between floats and shallow sets used less than 15 hooks between floats. Catch data were gathered by PIROP observers on 33,049 deep longlne sets north of the equator on 2,640 commercal fshng trps from March 1994 through December Hook-at-capture Observers recorded the partcular hook poston, numbered sequentally between two successve floats, for each anmal caught. These hook-at-capture data are avalable even when depths are not recorded, and dstrbutons of hook-at-capture were generated from the 33,049 observed sets that montored 68,165,026 hooks. A total of 1,534,262 anmals representng 125 fsh, elasmobranch, turtle, mammal and brd speces or speces groups were caught. Hook-at-capture dstrbutons by speces and correspondng catch rate by hook number were only consdered n the analyss f at least 5,000 ndvduals were caught. Some speces were rarely encountered and ths crteron reduced the analyss to 1,463,000 ndvduals of 19 speces (Table 1). A proporton (~14%) of ndvduals was reported as caught but wthout a hook-atcapture number. In these cases, the avalable catch rate by hook number dstrbuton for a speces was expanded (rased) to represent all captures for the purposes of modelng the effects of elmnatng partcular hook numbers. 2.3 Longlne catch scenaros wth removng hooks adjacent to floats and redstrbuton of hooks For modelng the removal of hooks near floats, sequental hook postons were renumbered from shallowest (nearest the float) to deepest (half way between floats) for each confguraton of hooks between floats (the number of hooks between floats can vary). The catch and effort were then summed by hook number. Sx scenaros based on catch rate by hook number were developed to portray the change n catches expected to occur by removng hooks adjacent to longlne floats. Three scenaros consdered the removal of hook #1, hooks #1 2 and hooks #1 3 adjacent to the float. Removal of hooks actually occurs on both sdes of each float, thus the removal of hooks #1 3 consttutes a total of sx hooks removed. An addtonal three scenaros consdered the same sequence of hook removal though the removed hooks were redeployed n the deeper depth pattern by addng to the total length of the set (wth 2

4 addtonal manlne and floats). For example, f hooks #1 3 were removed, then they were deployed at poston #4 and deeper n an extenson to the length of the modeled set. Each scenaro consdered a hypothetcal longlne set wth 2,800 hooks deployed and 28 hooks between floats. The sx scenaros were further stratfed by catches kept (landed) and released (bycatch) to quantfy changes expected by hook removal. Proportons of kept and released ndvduals by speces were based on 33,049 observed sets (Table 1) and the scenaros assumed that proportons dd not change through tme. 2.4 Catchablty of Japanese tuna and crcle hooks Sxteen Hawa-based tuna longlne vessels were contracted to alternate large non-rnged stanless steel crcle hooks ( C hooks sze 18/0 made n Korea) wth the vessel s conventonal hooks (composed entrely of Japanese style tuna hooks sze 3.6 sun (hereafter referred as a tuna hooks) on all longlne deployments. Vessels mxed two ndvdual hook types (e.g. C, tuna, C, tuna) throughout the longlne set n a 1:1 rato, and there was no change n operatonal characterstcs n order to mnmze sources of varaton. Vessels chose where they fshed and were allowed to retan and sell ther catch. At the begnnng of the feld trals, all vessels were mandated to mx the alternate hook types throughout the entre longlne set and to mantan a 1:1 rato of hook types throughout the trals. Branchlne snaps wth 10-cm cable tes allowed for easy dentfcaton of hook type and correspondng fsh catch. Vessels conducted trps between July 2005 and February Every trp was accompaned by a Natonal Oceanc and Atmospherc Admnstraton (NOAA) certfed Pacfc Islands Regon observer who collected nformaton on all catch by speces, hook type, sequental hook number between two floats, lfe status, catch dsposton (retaned, dscarded), and length measurements of some landed speces. The observer conducted a daly tally of the numbers of each type of hook deployed, and evaluated the vessel s ablty to follow expermental protocols. A total of 1,182 longlne sets were analyzed. The most numerous 18 ndvdual speces were chosen for analyss representng a mnmum catch rate of 0.14 fsh per longlne set. Generalzed Lnear Mxed Models (GLMM) were appled to explctly model the underlyng processes n the catch rate (CPUE, number per 1,000 hooks) data and to estmate catchablty of hook types. GLMMs were employed to accommodate the herarchy n whch longlne sets wthn a trp are expected to be more smlar than sets across trps. For each speces, the GLMM predcts mean catch (µ ) per set usng three categorcal and two contnuous varables wth a log lnk: log( ) N H T V Lat 2Lat 3Lat 4Lon 5Lon 6Lon log( E ) where N s the mean local abundance; H, hook type effect; T, tme (year:quarter) effect; V, vessel effect; Lat and Lon are thrd order (cubc) effects of lattude and longtude and offset E s the number of hooks deployed durng longlne operaton. Catch rates are correlated wthn a trp, thus trp was assgned as the groupng varable n GLMMs wth no estmated random effects. GLMMs were appled usng the glmm.admb module n R (verson for Lnux) and consdered both posson and negatve bnomal response dstrbutons. Model selecton was conducted by AIC. 3

5 2.5 Strped marln catch rate (CPUE) hot spots and effects of spatally closed areas Logbooks estmates of stophord catches n the Hawa longlne fshery are based due to msdentfcaton, especally blue marln whch was estmated to be nflated by 29.4% whle catches of other marln speces are negatvely based (Walsh et al. 2005). A scentfc database of corrected stophord catches from 1994 to 2003 was used to nvestgate spatal CPUE hot spots and evaluated tuna longlne fshery closures. In order to predct the areas wth hgh CPUE we appled generalzed addtve models (GAM) usng penalzed regresson splnes, estmated by penalzed teratve least squares (Wood, 2006). Two models were ft to the data: - Reduced model log( ) s Lon, Lat log( E ) - Full model log( ) Y s Lon, Lat s( M ) s( V ) s( HBF ) log( E ) where µ s the number of strped marln caught per set; s (Lon, Lat) represents the effect of the spatal locaton as an sotropc bvarate functon (Wood and Augustn, 2002); Y, year effect as a factor; M, month effect; V, vessel effect; HBF, the number of hooks deployed between two successve floats and offset E s the number of hooks deployed durng longlne operaton. Intally the models were ft for the entre perod ( ) and also on a quarterly bass to assess seasonal varaton. Moreover, n order to delneate and assess the persstence of the CPUE hot spot areas we also ft models for each year separately. GAMs were ftted usng the mgcv package (Wood 2006) n R (R Development Core Team, 2009) wth the optmum degrees of smoothng beng estmated by the generalzed cross-valdaton (GCV) crteron. The selecton of predctors and the decson on entry or excluson was based on AIC and the total devance explaned. Two error dstrbutons (posson and negatve bnomal) were consdered and the decson of error dstrbuton was based on the lowest values of AIC and BIC, total devance explaned and adjusted-r 2. The latter was defned as the proporton of varance explaned, where orgnal varance and resdual varance were both estmated usng unbased estmators (Wood, 2006). The spatal predctons were generated from the contrbuton of the smoothed lattude-longtude term and the predctons occurred unformly across the locatons of observed fshng and not exclusvely over a regular spatal grd. Furthermore, spatal predctons wth overall mean of +1 standard devaton were also llustrated to assess f hgh CPUE perssted spatally across years followng the methodology n Watson et al. (2008). Impact of fshery closures was estmated on a spatal grd from 180º to 128ºW and the equator to 40ºN (Fgure 2). All possble contguous squares and rectangles were consdered whch resulted n 79,380 closure optons. The percentage reducton n strped marln and bgeye catches was estmated for each closed area. There was no temporal structure for the closures and no redstrbuton of fshng effort was consdered. 4

6 3 Results 3.1 Observer data and hook-at-capture Attrbutes of gear confguraton on observed deep sets were smlar to prevously values estmated for the longlnes montored durng (Table 1 n Bgelow et al. 2006). Hook-at-capture results are ntally llustrated for two speces strped marln and bgeye tuna (Fgure 3). The hooks are numbered sequentally from one float to the subsequent float and ndcate that strped marln are caught on shallow hooks whle bgeye are on deeper hooks. For each hook between float confguraton, the hooks were renumbered from shallow to deep and catch and effort were summed by hook number. The resultng CPUE by hook number s llustrated for 19 speces n Fgure 4. The shallowest hooks, adjacent to the longlne floats, have substantally hgher CPUE for wahoo, four stophord speces, oceanc whte-tp shark and mahmah. The deepest hooks have hgher CPUE for bgeye tuna and bgeye thresher shark. 3.2 Longlne catch scenaros wth removng hooks adjacent to floats and redstrbuton of hooks Table 2 summarzes the percentage of catch by speces on hook#1 and hooks#1 2. There are dfferences by quarter for most speces. Strped marln had the lowest percentage n reductons durng quarter 1 (12% on hook#1 and 23% on hooks#1 2) and hghest percentage durng quarter 4 (25% on hook#1 and 43% on hooks#1 2). Table 3 consders catch scenaros resultng from removal of hooks adjacent to floats and the redstrbuton of hooks to deeper depths. Catch reductons n Tables 2 3 dffer slghtly because estmates n Table 2 were from the entre hook-at-capture CPUE dstrbuton (Fgure 4) whereas Table 3 consdered one partcular gear type (28 HBF). The largest catch reductons n terms of percentage occurred for strped marln, spearfsh and dolphnfsh. Target bgeye catches declned 1.5%, 4% and 7.8% by removng hook #1, hooks #1 2 and hooks #1 3 adjacent to the float. Total catches of all landed fsh declned at hgher percentages (8%, 16% and 23%) manly due to lower CPUE of mahmah. Total bycatch declned at the lower percentages (5%, 12% and 19%) due to lower CPUE of blue shark and lancetfsh. The redstrbuton of hook #1, hooks #1 2 and hooks #1 3 ncreased target bgeye catches by 6%, 12% and 17%. Albacore, bgeye thresher shark and sckle pomfret also had smlar catch ncreases as bgeye tuna wth removng and redstrbutng hooks. Total bycatch was largely unaffected by removng and redstrbutng hooks. 3.3 Catchablty of Japanese tuna and crcle hooks Tuna hooks caught 4,630 bgeye and 642 strped marln whereas 18/0 crcle hooks caught 4,722 bgeye and 370 strped marln. Detals for the remanng 16 speces are not dscussed as results are ncluded n another manuscrpt currently under revew. The GLMM hook type coeffcents are equvalent to catchablty and nterpreted as the magntude of the CPUE dfferences between hook types consderng the ncluson of other sgnfcant explanatory varables. The crcle hook coeffcents for bgeye tuna and strped marln were (95% CI ) and (95% CI ), respectvely. Bgeye CPUE was not sgnfcantly dfferent between tuna and crcle hooks. A coeffcent of ndcates that strped marln CPUE was ~42.6% reduced on crcle hooks compared to tuna hooks. 5

7 3.4 Strped marln catch rate (CPUE) hot spots and effects of spatally closed areas Model results of the GAM analyss are provded n Table 4. A negatve bnomal error dstrbuton was consstently preferred over a posson dstrbuton. The reduced models wth only the smoothed lattudelongtude term explaned ~13% of the devance, whereas the full model wth effects of month, vessel and gear (HBF) explaned ~24% of the devance. The spatal predcton aggregated over the entre tme-seres ( ) ndcated an area of hgh CPUE at 25ºN and 165ºW (Fgure 5). The hgh CPUE occurred n the same area n quarters 1 through 3, but CPUE was lower and more dspersed n quarter 4 (Fgure 6). However, when ndvdual years were consdered the spatal dstrbuton of hgh CPUE was hghly varable and not persstent, suggestng a lack of CPUE hot-spots (Fgure 7). The closure analyss dd not dentfy areas of potentally hgh strped marln reductons wth mnmal reductons of target bgeye catch (Fgure 8), rather there s a co-occurrence n catch of both speces. The lack of an optmal spatal closure s reflected n the hgh nterannual spatal varaton of CPUE (Fgure 7). 4 Dscusson Analyses of the effects on removng shallow hooks and changng from tuna to crcle hooks both demonstrated moderate strped marln CPUE reductons wth mnmal or no reductons on target bgeye CPUE. Strped marln CPUE hot-spots exst n the Baja Calforna n the eastern Pacfc, near New Zealand and n the northwest Pacfc; however there were no hot-spots dentfed that were spatally persstent n the area fshed by the Hawa-based tuna fshery. Modfyng longlne gear to fsh deeper has been demonstrated to provde conservaton benefts to stophords by comparng CPUE on shallow and deep gear (Suzuk et al. 1977) and by expermental longlne trals (Boggs 1992, Beverly et al. 2009). An estmated 16 and 30% reducton n strped marln catch could occur f hook#1 and hooks#1 2 were not fshed, respectvely; and longlne scenaros wth a specfc gear confguraton of 28 HBFs ndcated reductons of 18 and 34%. Three of the longlne scenaros changed the gear confguraton by redstrbutng hooks to deeper depths. Whle these scenaros ndcate ncreased CPUE and catches of target bgeye, there are operatonal dffcultes as more manlne wll need to be deployed, thus ncreasng both the settng and retreval tmes. Consderng a longlne wth 2,800 hooks deployed and 28 hook postons between floats, f two hooks are removed adjacent to the float then 14% of the effort (4 of every 28 hooks) would have to be redstrbuted. Longlne retreval s typcally completed by 2 am and the set commences agan at 6:30 am thus there s lttle tme for extendng retrevals wth the current observed operatonal patterns. Usng large (18/0) crcle hooks had a larger effect on CPUE (42% reducton) than removng shallow hooks. Reduced catchablty occurred for most speces on large crcle hooks and we contend that these reductons are a functon of 18/0 crcle hook morphology. Although there are a myrad of types, szes, and shapes of hooks used wthn longlne fsheres around the world, the mnmum wdth appears to be the prmary metrc nfluencng catchablty rather than gape or straght total length. The 18/0 crcle hook had a mnmum wdth (4.9 cm) that was 57% wder than the Japanese tuna (3.1 cm). The larger mnmum wdth relates to a smaller probablty of ngeston and probably accounts for the reduced catchablty of non-bgeye speces. 6

8 We assume that the there would be a multplcatve effect of a ~70% reducton n strped marln CPUE by both removng shallow hooks and mplementng large crcle hooks. Whle there are demonstrated conservaton benefts to a varety of speces n not fshng shallow hooks or mplementng large crcle hooks, there s economc concern n the Hawa-based tuna fshery of lost revenue due to lower catch rates of stophords, dolphnfsh and some pelagc sharks that are often retaned and marketed. 5 Acknowledgments We thank captans and crews of Hawa-based longlne vessels and observers. We thank Wllam Walsh for constructng a scentfc database of corrected stophord catches. 6 References Beverly, S., Curran, D., Musyl, M., and Molony, B Effects of elmnatng shallow hooks from tuna longlne sets on target and non-target speces n the Hawa-based pelagc tuna fshery. Fsh. Res. 96: Bgelow, K., Musyl, M.K., Posson, F., and Kleber, P Pelagc longlne gear depth and shoalng. Fsh. Res. 77: Boggs, C.H., Depth, capture tme, and hooked longevty of longlne-caught pelagc fsh: tmng btes of fsh wth chps. Fsh. Bull. 90, Brodzak, J., and Pner, K Model averagng and probable status of North Pacfc strped marln, Tetrapturus audax. CJFAS 67: Internatonal Scentfc Commttee for Tuna and Tuna-lke Speces n the North Pacfc Ocean [ISC] Report of the Seventh Meetng of the Internatonal Scentfc Commttee for Tuna and Tuna-lke Speces n the North Pacfc Ocean, July 2007, Busan, Korea. 53 p. Internatonal Scentfc Commttee for Tuna and Tuna-lke Speces n the North Pacfc Ocean [ISC] Report of the Bllfsh Workng Group Workshop, July 2010, Vctora, Brtsh Columba, Canada. 23 p. Pacfc Islands Regonal Offce Hawa Longlne Observer Program Observer Feld Manual. Natonal Oceanc and Atmospherc Admnstraton, Pacfc Islands Regon, Honolulu, Hawa. Pner, K., Conser, R., DNardo, G., and Brodzak, J Stock synthess 2 senstvty runs for strped marln assessment WG Internatonal Scentfc Commttee for Tuna and Tuna- Lke Speces n the North Pacfc/MARWG-SWORWG761 1/Workng Paper 2. R Development Core Team R: A language and envronment for statstcal computng. R Foundaton for Statstcal Computng, Venna, Austra. ISBN , URL 7

9 Suzuk, Z., Warashna, Y., and Kshda, M The comparson of catches by regular and deep tuna longlne gears n the western and central equatoral Pacfc. Bull. Far Seas Fsh. Res. Lab. 15: Walsh, W.A., Ito, R. Y., Kawamoto, K. E., and McCracken, M Analyss of logbook accuracy for blue marln (Makara ngrcans) n the Hawa-based longlne fshery wth a generalzed addtve model and commercal sales data. Fsh. Res. 75: Walsh, W.A., Bgelow, K. A., and Sender, K Decreases n Shark Catches and Mortalty n the Hawa-Based Longlne Fshery as Documented by Fshery Observers. Marne and Coastal Fsheres: Dynamcs, Management, and Ecosystem Scence 1: Watson, J., Essngton, T., Lennert-Cody, C., and Hall, M Trade-Offs n the Desgn of Fshery Closures: Management of Slky Shark Bycatch n the Eastern Pacfc Ocean Tuna Fshery. Cons. Bol. 23(3): Wood, S. N Generalzed addtve models: an ntroducton wth R. Chapman & Hall. London. Wood, S.N. and Augustn, N.H GAMs wth ntegrated model selecton usng penalzed regresson splnes and applcatons to envronmental modelng. Ecol. Model. 157:

10 Table 1. Catch of 19 most common speces observed on 33,049 sets n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery wth vald hook-at-capture and percentage retaned. Speces Catch Vald hook-atcapture Percentage retaned Bgeye tuna Thunnus obesus 286, , Yellowfn tuna Thunnus albacares 72,184 69, Wahoo Acanthocybum solandr 32,149 21, Albacore Thunnus alalunga 47,425 45, Skpjack tuna Katsuwonus pelams 61,026 59, Strped marln Kajka audax 34,365 33, Spearfsh Tetrapturus angustrostrs 28,612 28, Swordfsh Xphas gladus 12,367 11, Blue marln Makara ngrcans 9,358 8, Blue shark Pronace glauca 146, , Bgeye thresher Alopas superclosus 11,646 11, Oceanc whte-tp shark Carcharhnus longmanus 5,303 5, Pelagc stngray Dasyats volacea 11,526 7, Dolphnfsh Coryphaena hppurus 137,599 98, Opah Lamprs guttatus 28,238 19, Sckle pomfret Taractchthys stendachner 94,586 69, Lancetfsh Alepsaurus ferox 314, , Escolar Lepdocybum flavobrunneum 45,908 36, Snake mackerel Gempylus serpens 83,033 62,

11 Table 2. Percentage of ndvduals taken on the frst and frst/second hooks closest to the longlne float observed on 33,049 sets n the Hawabased tuna longlne fshery. Speces All quarters 1 st quarter 2 nd quarter 3 rd quarter 4 th quarter Hook 1 Hooks 1-2 Hook 1 Hooks 1-2 Hook 1 Hooks 1-2 Hook 1 Hooks 1-2 Hook 1 Hooks 1-2 Bgeye tuna Yellowfn tuna Wahoo Albacore Skpjack tuna Strped marln Spearfsh Swordfsh Blue marln Blue shark Bgeye thresher Oceanc whtetp shark Pelagc stngray Dolphnfsh Opah Sckle pomfret Lancetfsh Escolar Snake mackerel

12 Table 3. Nomnal CPUE (number per 1000 hooks) and percentage landed for 19 speces observed on 33,049 longlne sets n the Hawa-based fshery. Sx longlne scenaros ndcate hypothetcal catches by removng varous hooks wth and wthout redstrbuton for a longlne set wth 28 hooks between floats and 2,800 hooks. Removng hook #1 adjacent to float Speces Nomnal Percentage Percentage Removng no hooks (status quo) Catch percent Common name code cpue landed bycatch Catch Landed Bycatch Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Bgeye tuna Yellowfn tuna Wahoo Albacore Skpjack tuna Strped marln Spearfsh Swordfsh Blue marln Blue shark Bgeye thresher Oceanc whte-tp shark Pelagc stngray Dolphnfsh Opah Sckle pomfret Lancetfsh Escolar Snake mackerel Total catch (numbers of fsh) 11

13 Table 3 contnued. Nomnal CPUE (number per 1000 hooks) and percentage landed for 19 speces observed on 33,049 longlne sets n the Hawabased fshery. Sx longlne scenaros ndcate hypothetcal catches by removng varous hooks wth and wthout redstrbuton for a longlne set wth 28 hooks between floats and 2,800 hooks. Removng hooks #1-2 adjacent to float Removng hooks #1-3 adjacent to float Catch percent Catch percent Common name Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Bgeye tuna Yellowfn tuna Wahoo Albacore Skpjack tuna Strped marln Spearfsh Swordfsh Blue marln Blue shark Bgeye thresher Oceanc whte-tp shark Pelagc stngray Dolphnfsh Opah Sckle pomfret Lancetfsh Escolar Snake mackerel Total catch (numbers of fsh) 12

14 Table 3 contnued. Nomnal CPUE (number per 1000 hooks) and percentage landed for 19 speces observed on 33,049 longlne sets n the Hawabased fshery. Sx longlne scenaros ndcate hypothetcal catches by removng varous hooks wth and wthout redstrbuton for a longlne set wth 28 hooks between floats and 2,800 hooks. Re-dstrbutng shallow hooks Removng hook #1 adjacent to float Removng hooks #1-2 adjacent to float Removng hooks #1-3 adjacent to float Catch percent Catch percent Catch percent Common name Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Catch of status quo Landed Bycatch Bgeye tuna Yellowfn tuna Wahoo Albacore Skpjack tuna Strped marln Spearfsh Swordfsh Blue marln Blue shark Bgeye thresher Oceanc whte-tp shark Pelagc stngray Dolphnfsh Opah Sckle pomfret Lancetfsh Escolar Snake mackerel Total catch (numbers of fsh) 13

15 Table 4. Model selecton results for strped marln CPUE for reduced and full Generalzed Addtve Models. Reduced Model Full Model GCV % Dev. AIC BIC R-sq (adjust) GCV % Dev. AIC BIC R-sq (adjust) Posson ( ) Neg. Bnomal ( ) Neg. Bnomal (1 quarter, ) Neg. Bnomal (2 quarter, ) Neg. Bnomal (3 quarter, ) Neg. Bnomal (4 quarter, ) Neg. Bnomal (1994) Neg. Bnomal (1995) Neg. Bnomal (1996) Neg. Bnomal (1997) Neg. Bnomal (1998) Neg. Bnomal (1999) Neg. Bnomal (2000) Neg. Bnomal (2001) Neg. Bnomal (2002) Neg. Bnomal (2003)

16 Fgure 1. Tme-seres of annual strped marln catches by gear n the North Pacfc, Source: ISC Note: Longlne strped marln catch s negatvely based due to speces msreportng n the US fleet. 15

17 Fgure 2. Spatal grds consdered n an analyss of fshery closures. 16

18 Fgure 3. Frequency of hook-at-capture (horzontal axs) for two speces n four commonly used longlne gear confguratons. (HBF: hooks between floats) observed n the Hawa-based tuna fshery. Hooks are numbered sequentally from each float to the adjacent float. 17

19 Fgure 4. Comparson of catch rates by hook number for 19 speces caught by the Hawa-based tuna fshery (n=33,049 sets). Hook #1 s adjacent to the longlne float whle hook #19 s assumed to be the deepest hook. 18

20 Fgure 4 contnued. Comparson of catch rates by hook number for 19 speces caught by the Hawabased tuna fshery (n=33,049 sets). Hook #1 s adjacent to the longlne float whle hook #19 s assumed to be the deepest hook. 19

21 Fgure 4 contnued. Comparson of catch rates by hook number for 19 speces caught by the Hawabased tuna fshery (n=33,049 sets). Hook #1 s adjacent to the longlne float whle hook #19 s assumed to be the deepest hook. Fgure 5. Spatal predctons of CPUE (number per 1,000 hooks) for strped marln n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery based on reduced and full GAM models ( ). Reduced model ( ) Full model ( ) Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Longtude ( W) 20

22 Fgure 6. Quarterly spatal predctons of CPUE (number per 1,000 hooks) for strped marln n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery based on reduced and full GAM models ( ). Reduced model (1 quarter, ) Full model (1 quarter, ) Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Reduced model (2 quarter, ) Longtude ( W) Full model (2 quarter, ) Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Longtude ( W) 21

23 Fgure 6 contnued. Quarterly spatal predctons of CPUE (number per 1,000 hooks) for strped marln n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery based on a reduced and full GAM models ( ). Reduced model (3 quarter, ) Full model (3 quarter, ) Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Longtude ( W) Reduced model (4 quarter, ) Full model (4 quarter, ) Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Longtude ( W) 22

24 Fgure 7. Spatal predctons of CPUE for strped marln n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery based on reduced and full GAM models for ndvdual years from 1994 to Contour lnes are ndvdual years wth areas of hgh CPUE (mean + 1 standard devaton). Reduced models Full models Lattude ( S) Lattude ( S) Longtude ( W) Longtude ( W) Fgure 8. Trade-offs between the percentage reducton n strped marln and bgeye tuna catch for spatal closures n the Hawa-based tuna longlne fshery. Each pont represents a dfferent closure for the perod

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION. Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION. Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017 Relatve abundance of yellowfn tuna for the purse sene and handlne fsheres operatng n the Phlppnes Moro Gulf (Regon

More information

JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project ) Project Title: Analyzing the Technical and Economic Structure of Hawaii s Pelagic Fishery

JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project ) Project Title: Analyzing the Technical and Economic Structure of Hawaii s Pelagic Fishery 1 JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project 653540) P.I. Name: PngSun Leung, Khem Sharma and Sam Pooley Project Research Assstant: Naresh Pradhan Project Ttle: Analyzng the Techncal and Economc Structure

More information

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer Reduced drft, hgh accuracy stable carbon sotope rato measurements usng a reference gas wth the Pcarro 13 CO 2 G2101- gas analyzer Chrs Rella, Ph.D. Drector of Research & Development Pcarro, Inc., Sunnyvale,

More information

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System Evaluaton of a Center Pvot Varable Rate Irrgaton System Ruxu Su Danel K. Fsher USDA-ARS Crop Producton Systems Research Unt, Stonevlle, Msssspp Abstrat: Unformty of water dstrbuton of a varable rate center

More information

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas Development of Accdent Modfcaton Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments n Texas Domnque Lord* Zachry Department of Cvl Engneerng & Center for Transportaton Safety Texas Transportaton Insttute Texas A&M

More information

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508 4. Ttle and Subttle A Comprehensve Study on Pavement Edge Lne Implementaton 7. Author(s) Xaoduan Sun, Ph.D., P.E. Subassh Das 9. Performng Organzaton

More information

Supporting Online Material for

Supporting Online Material for www.scencemag.org/cg/content/full/315/5820/1846/dc1 Supportng Onlne Materal for Cascadng Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean Ransom A. Myers, Jula K. Baum,* Travs D. Shepherd,

More information

Crash Frequency and Severity Modeling Using Clustered Data from Washington State

Crash Frequency and Severity Modeling Using Clustered Data from Washington State Proceedngs of the IEEE ITSC 2006 2006 IEEE Intellgent Transportaton Systems Conference Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2006 WB7.1 Crash Frequency and Severty Modelng Usng Clustered Data from Washngton

More information

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE Cora Campbell, Commssoner Jeff Regnart, Drector Contact: Cordova ADF&G Steve Mofftt, PWS Fnfsh Research Bologst 401 Ralroad

More information

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore Engneerng Analyss of Implementng Pedestran Scramble Crossng at Traffc Junctons n Sngapore Dr. Lm Wee Chuan Eldn Department of Chemcal & Bomolecular Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, 4 Engneerng

More information

Archimer

Archimer Please note that ths s an author-produced PDF of an artcle accepted for publcaton followng peer revew. The defntve publsher-authentcated verson s avalable on the publsher Web ste Marne Polcy December 2014,

More information

Recreational trip timing and duration prediction: A research note

Recreational trip timing and duration prediction: A research note Recreatonal trp tmng and duraton predcton: A research note Ataelty Halu a and Le Gao a* a School of Agrcultural and Resource Economcs, The Unversty of Western Australa, Crawley, WA 6009, Australa *E-mal

More information

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS A ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS DIFFICULTY GROUPS OF FEATURES 1 DEFINITIONS: Change of Rotaton: Refers to TURNS or LINKING STEPS rotatng

More information

COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL

COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL 1. Introducton Graham Kalton, Unversty of Mchgan ames Lepkowsk, Unversty of Mchgan Tng-Kwong Ln. Natonal Unversty of Sngapore The choce

More information

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Englsh Premer League (EPL) Soccer Matches Predcton usng An Adaptve Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Amadn, F. I 1 and Ob, J.C. 2 Department of Computer Scence, Unversty of Benn, Benn Cty. Ngera.

More information

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predctor of Worker Productvty The analyss examned the predctve potental of ACT WorkKeys wth regard to two elements. The frst s tme to employment. People takng WorkKeys

More information

The impact of foreign players on international football performance

The impact of foreign players on international football performance MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve The mpact of foregn players on nternatonal football performance Orhan Karaca Ekonomst Magazne, Research Department October 008 Onlne at http://mpra.ub.un-muenchen.de/11064/

More information

Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments

Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments *Manuscrpt Clck here to vew lnked References Ye, Venezano, and Lord 1 Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments Zhru Ye a,*, Davd Venezano a, Domnque Lord b a Western Transportaton Insttute, Montana State Unversty,

More information

Cost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads

Cost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads Fnal Techncal Report TNW2008-04 Research Project Agreement No. 61-2394 Cost Effectve Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads Ynha Wang Assocate Professor Ngan Ha Nguyen Graduate Research Assstant

More information

The fish community of Rat Cove, Otsego Lake, sumn,er 1997

The fish community of Rat Cove, Otsego Lake, sumn,er 1997 74 The fsh communty of Rat Cove, Otsego Lake, sumn,er 1997 Mcah ngalls ABSTRACT n Rat cove thrteen speces of fsh were documented durng the summer of 1997: alewfe (Alosa pseudoharengus), yellow perch (Percaflavenscens),

More information

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ Seasonal and Spatal Patterns of Growth of Ranbow Trout n the Colorado Rver n Grand Canyon, AZ Journal: Manuscrpt ID cjfas-15-2.r1 Manuscrpt Type: Artcle Date Submtted by the Author: 23-Jun-15 Complete

More information

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline Rsk analyss of natural gas ppelne Y.-D. Jo 1, K.-S. Park 1, J. W. Ko, & B. J. Ahn 3 1 Insttute of Gas Safety Technology, Korea Gas Safety Corporaton, South Korea Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Kwangwoon

More information

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100 1 4. ANALYSING FREQUENCY TABLES Categorcal (nomnal) data are usually summarzed n requency tables. Contnuous numercal data may also be grouped nto ntervals and the requency o observatons n each nterval

More information

Pedestrian Crash Prediction Models and Validation of Effective Factors on Their Safety (Case Study: Tehran Signalized Intersections)

Pedestrian Crash Prediction Models and Validation of Effective Factors on Their Safety (Case Study: Tehran Signalized Intersections) Open Journal of Cvl Engneerng, 2014, 4, 240-254 Publshed Onlne September 2014 n ScRes. http://www.scrp.org/journal/ojce http://dx.do.org/10.4236/ojce.2014.43021 Pedestran Crash Predcton Models and Valdaton

More information

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions 1 A Study on Parametrc Wave Estmaton Based on Measured Shp Motons Ulrk Dam NIELSEN * and Tosho ISEKI ** Abstract The paper studes parametrc wave estmaton based on the wave buoy analogy, and data and results

More information

UMPQUA RIVER FALL CHINOOK SALMON ESCAPEMENT INDICATOR STOCK PROJECT

UMPQUA RIVER FALL CHINOOK SALMON ESCAPEMENT INDICATOR STOCK PROJECT UMPQUA RIVER FALL CHINOOK SALMON ESCAPEMENT INDICATOR STOCK PROJECT 1998 2002 CUMULATIVE PROGRESS REPORT for work conducted pursuant to Natonal Oceanc and Atmospherc Admnstraton Award Numbers: 1998 99:

More information

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Plannng of producton and utlty systems under unt performance degradaton

More information

Investigation on Hull Hydrodynamics with Different Draughts for 470 Class Yacht

Investigation on Hull Hydrodynamics with Different Draughts for 470 Class Yacht Proceedngs Investgaton on Hull Hydrodynamcs wth Dfferent Draughts for 470 Class Yacht Yong Ma 1, *, Shje Ln 1,2, Yangyng He 1, Xaoshan Le 1,2 and Song Zhang 1,2 1 School of Sports Engneerng and Informaton

More information

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. Ths document s downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technologcal Unversty Lbrary, Sngapore. Ttle capacty analyss usng smulaton Author(s) Ctaton Huang, Shell Yng; Hsu, Wen Jng; He, Yuxong; Song, Tancheng; De

More information

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition June 2013 Decomposton gude Techncal report on decomposton Erasmus MC Start date of project: 20 Aprl 2012 Duraton: 36 months 1 Table of contents Abstract... 4 Acknowledgements... 5 Introducton... 6 Part

More information

Lake Clarity Model: Development of Updated Algorithms to Define Particle Aggregation and Settling in Lake Tahoe

Lake Clarity Model: Development of Updated Algorithms to Define Particle Aggregation and Settling in Lake Tahoe Lake Clarty Model: Development of Updated Algorthms to Defne Partcle Aggregaton and Settlng n Lake Tahoe Goloka B. Sahoo S. Geoffrey Schladow John E. Reuter Danel Nover Davd Jassby Lake Clarty Model Weather

More information

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production Brgham Young Unversty BYU ScholarsArchve All Theses and Dssertatons 006-03-09 Modelng the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensve Producton Mchael Ross Smth Brgham Young Unversty - Provo Follow ths

More information

Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory

Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory Fishery-induced changes in the subtropical Pacific pelagic ecosystem size structure: Observations and theory Jeffrey J. Polovina and Phoebe A. Woodworth-Jefcoats Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS J.Franco a, A.Corz a*.a.peña b a Materal Composte Group. Unversdad de Cadz. Avda/Ramon Puyol s/n. 11205 Algecras (Span) *alcorz@caltech.es b Calpe

More information

Shark Catches by the Hawaii-based Longline Fishery. William A. Walsh. Keith A. Bigelow

Shark Catches by the Hawaii-based Longline Fishery. William A. Walsh. Keith A. Bigelow Shark Catches by the Hawaii-based Longline Fishery William A. Walsh Pelagic Fisheries Research Program NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Keith A. Bigelow NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science

More information

Transportation Research Forum

Transportation Research Forum Transportaton Research Forum On the Impact of HOT Lane Tollng Strateges on Total Traffc Level Author(s): Sohel Sbdar and Mansoureh Jehan Source: Journal of the Transportaton Research Forum, Vol. 48, No.

More information

Research and Application of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thin Gauge Stainless Steel in Hot Rolling

Research and Application of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thin Gauge Stainless Steel in Hot Rolling Send Orders for Reprnts to reprnts@benthamscence.ae The Open Mechancal Engneerng Journal, 215, 9, 111-116 111 Open Access Research and Applcaton of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thn Gauge Stanless Steel

More information

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS C. Barry Pftzner and Chrs Spence, Department of Economcs/Busness, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, bpftzne@rmc.edu, cspence@rmc.edu

More information

A Prediction of Reliability of Suction Valve in Reciprocating Compressor

A Prediction of Reliability of Suction Valve in Reciprocating Compressor Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs nternatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 1996 A Predcton of Relablty of Sucton Valve n Recprocatng Compressor W. H. You Samsung Electroncs

More information

A comparison study on the deck house shape of high speed planing crafts for air resistance reduction

A comparison study on the deck house shape of high speed planing crafts for air resistance reduction csnak, 2014 Int. J. Nav. Archt. Ocean Eng. (2014) 6:867~875 http://dx.do.org/10.2478/ijnaoe-2013-0218 pissn: 2092-6782, eissn: 2092-6790 A comparson study on the deck house shape of hgh speed planng crafts

More information

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WAVE WEATHER WINDOWS IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS AT HSINCHU AND CHANGHUA, TAIWAN

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WAVE WEATHER WINDOWS IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS AT HSINCHU AND CHANGHUA, TAIWAN Journal of Marne Scence and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 563-570 (07) 563 DOI: 0.69/JMST-07-0703- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WAVE WEATHER WINDOWS IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS AT HSINCHU

More information

Geophysical validation of NSCAT winds using atmospheric data and analyses

Geophysical validation of NSCAT winds using atmospheric data and analyses JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSCAL RESEARCH, VOL. 104, NO. C5, PAGES 11,405-11,424, MAY 15, 1999 Geophyscal valdaton of NSCAT wnds usng atmospherc data and analyses R. Atlas, 1 S.C. Bloom, 2 R. N. Hoffman, 3 E. Brn,

More information

Degassing of deep groundwater in fractured rock

Degassing of deep groundwater in fractured rock WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 36, NO. 9, PAGES 2477-2492, SEPTEMBER 2000 Degassng of deep groundwater n fractured rock around boreholes and drfts Jerker Jarsj6 and Georga Destoun Dvson of Water Resources

More information

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS Mohammad Rahnamae A Thess n the John Molson School of Busness Presented n Partal Fulfllment of the Requrements For the Degree of Master of Scence (Busness Admnstraton)

More information

Steelhead Broodstock Acclimation and Monitoring (BAM) Program in the Okanogan Basin, Annual Report 2012

Steelhead Broodstock Acclimation and Monitoring (BAM) Program in the Okanogan Basin, Annual Report 2012 2012 Annual Report Steelhead Broodstock Acclmaton and Montorng (BAM) Program n the Okanogan Basn, Annual Report covers performance under GPUD Contract No. 430-3559 1/1/2012 12/31/2013 Tbbts, W.T., R.E.

More information

Peak Field Approximation of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data

Peak Field Approximation of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data Peak Feld Approxmaton of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data Yongl Zhang, Taln Han, Yuqun Chen, Enku Zhang, and Xuan Lu Abstract To obtan the shock wave feld dstrbuton, two knds of calber weapons

More information

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes Numercal Study of Occupants Evacuaton from a Room for Requrements n Codes HL MU JH SUN Unversty of Scence and Technology of Chna State Key Laboratory of Fre Scence Hefe 2300326, CHINA muhl@mal.ustc.edu.cn

More information

VOLUME TRENDS NOVEMBER 1988 TRAVEL ON ALL ROADS AND STREETS IS FOR NOVEMBER 1988 AS COMPARED UP BY 3.4 PERCENT TO NOVEMBER 1987.

VOLUME TRENDS NOVEMBER 1988 TRAVEL ON ALL ROADS AND STREETS IS FOR NOVEMBER 1988 AS COMPARED UP BY 3.4 PERCENT TO NOVEMBER 1987. VOLUME U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway TRENDS NOVEMBER 1988 TRAVEL ON ALL ROADS AND STREETS S FOR NOVEMBER 1988 AS COMPARED UP BY 3.4 PERCENT TO NOVEMBER 1987. rr ALL DATA FOR THS MONTH

More information

Response based sea state estimation for onboard DSS Safe and Efficient Marine Operations

Response based sea state estimation for onboard DSS Safe and Efficient Marine Operations Response based sea state estmaton for onboard DSS Safe and Effcent Marne Operatons Ulrk Dam Nelsen AMOS Workshop, NTNU, Trondhem, 13 th and 14 th November, 2014 Contents Introducton: Context Montorng and

More information

M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Republic of Korea

M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Republic of Korea The Methodology on Exposure Dose Evaluaton Modelng Related to Arbtrary Accdent n the Temporary Storage Faclty for Low and Intermedate Level Waste - 9133 M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Insttute of Scence

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces Mass Spectrometry Fundamental GC-MS GC-MS Interfaces Wherever you see ths symbol, t s mportant to access the on-lne course as there s nteractve materal that cannot be fully shown n ths reference manual.

More information

Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Tianjin New Area program

Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Tianjin New Area program Avalable onlne at www.scencedrect.com ScenceDrect Proceda - Socal and Behavoral Scenc es 96 ( 2013 ) 683 692 13th COTA Internatonal Conference of Transportaton Professonals (CICTP 2013) Pedestran Facltes

More information

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Price and Yield Risk Management Products in Reducing. Revenue Risk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Price and Yield Risk Management Products in Reducing. Revenue Risk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D. Evaluatng the Effectveness of Prce and Yeld Rsk Management Products n Reducng Revenue Rsk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D. Davs ** Abstract A non-parametrc smulaton model ncorporatng prce and

More information

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES MARIOS CHRISTOU Shell Internatonal Exploraton and Producton, 2288 GS Rjswjk, The Netherlands. E-mal: maros.chrstou@shell.com PETER TROMANS Ocean Wave

More information

Product Information. Radial gripper PRG 52

Product Information. Radial gripper PRG 52 Product Informaton PRG More flexble More powerful. Slm. PRG unversal grpper 180 radal grpper wth powerful 1-shft slotted lnk gear and oval pston. Feld of applcaton For areas of applcaton whch, n addton

More information

OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM. Robert M. Saltzman, San Francisco State University

OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM. Robert M. Saltzman, San Francisco State University OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM Robert M. Saltzman, San Francsco State Unversty ABSTRACT Coaches n some dvsons of the Amercan Youth Soccer Organzaton (AYSO) are asked to fll out ther team

More information

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C.

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C. TIP4-CT-2005-516420 Page 1 of 34 DELIVERABLE D 1.5 CONTRACT N PROJECT N ACRONYM TITLE TIP4-CT-2005-516420 FP6-516420 QCITY Quet Cty Transport Subproject 1 Nose mappng & modellng Work Package 1.1 Nose maps:

More information

Sectoral Business Cycle Synchronization in the European Union *

Sectoral Business Cycle Synchronization in the European Union * Sectoral Busness Cycle Synchronzaton n the European Unon * Antóno Afonso, # $ Davde Furcer + January 2007 Abstract Ths paper analyses sectoral busness cycle synchronzaton n an enlarged European Unon usng

More information

Wave Breaking Energy in Coastal Region

Wave Breaking Energy in Coastal Region ave Breang Energy n Coastal Regon Ray-Qng Ln and Lwa Ln Dept. of Seaeepng Davd Taylor Model Basn NSCCD U.S. Army Engneer Researc and Development Center. INTERODUCTION Huang 006 suggested tat wave breang

More information

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS Focus Underwater Robotc Vehcles for Scentfc Exploraton GRADE LEVEL 7-8 (Physcal Scence/Lfe Scence) MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS Focus QUESTION How can underwater robots be used to assst sc- ROPOS entfc exploratons?

More information

Mechanical Engineering Journal

Mechanical Engineering Journal 56789 Bulletn of the JSME Mechancal Engneerng Journal Vol., o., 6 Measurement of three-dmensonal orentaton of golf club head wth one camera Wataru KIMIZUKA* and Masahde OUKI* * DULOP SPORTS CO. LTD. Waknohama-cho

More information

Instantaneous Current Prediction for Naval Operations

Instantaneous Current Prediction for Naval Operations Instantaneous Current Predcton for Naval Operatons Peter C. Chu Naval Ocean Analyss and Predcton Laboratory, Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943 Albert E. Armstrong

More information

Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents during Duck94

Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents during Duck94 CHAPTER 283 Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents durng Duck94 Falk Feddersen 1, R.T. Guza 2, Steve Elgar 3, and T.H.C Herbers 4 Abstract The cross-shore structure of the mean longshore current on

More information

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA Hgh Speed 128-bt BCD Archtecture Usng CLA J.S.V.Sa Prasanth 1, Y.Yamn Dev 2 PG Student [VLSI&ES], Dept. of ECE, Swamy Vvekananda Engneerng College, Kalavara, Andhrapradesh, Inda 1 Assstant Professor, Dept.

More information

WORKING PAPER SERIES Long-term Competitive Balance under UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations Markus Sass Working Paper No. 5/2012

WORKING PAPER SERIES Long-term Competitive Balance under UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations Markus Sass Working Paper No. 5/2012 WORKING PAPER SERIES Impressum ( 5 TMG) Herausgeber: Otto-von-Guercke-Unverstät Magdeburg Fakultät für Wrtschaftswssenschaft Der Dekan Verantwortlch für dese Ausgabe: Otto-von-Guercke-Unverstät Magdeburg

More information

DRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIDIROKASTRO DEFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT

DRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIDIROKASTRO DEFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT RAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIIROKASTRO EFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT ARTICLE 1: EFINITIONS All terms of the INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT shall

More information

Terminating Head

Terminating Head Termnatng Head 58246-1 Instructon Sheet for MTA- 100 Receptacle Connectors 408-6929 Usng Dscrete Wre 07 APR 11 Locatng Pawl Feed Slde Tool Base Wre Inserter Adjuster (Inserton Rod) Mass Termnaton Assembly

More information

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study Equlbrum or Smple Rule at Wmbledon? An Emprcal Study Shh-Hsun Hsu, Chen-Yng Huang and Cheng-Tao Tang Revson: March 2004 Abstract We follow Walker and Wooders (200) emprcal analyss to collect and study

More information

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS AS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS ómez-díaz, D. a, omes, N. b, Texera, J.A. b, Belo, I. b a Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Unversty of Santago de Compostela,

More information

Impact of Intelligence on Target-Hardening Decisions

Impact of Intelligence on Target-Hardening Decisions CREATE Research Archve Publshed Artcles & Papers 5--29 Impact of Intellgence on Target-Hardenng Decsons Vck M. Ber Unversty of Wsconsn Madson, ber@engr.wsc.edu Chen Wang Unversty of Wsconsn - Madson, cwang37@wsc.edu

More information

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES Journal of Sports Scence and Medcne (2006) 5, 509-516 http://www.jssm.org Research artcle The 8th Australasan Conference on Mathematcs and Computers n Sport, 3-5 July 2006, Queensland, Australa A PROBABILITY

More information

Incidence and Risk Factors for Concussion in High School Athletes, North Carolina,

Incidence and Risk Factors for Concussion in High School Athletes, North Carolina, Amercan Journal of Epdemology Copyrght 2004 by the Johns Hopkns Bloomberg School of Publc Health All rghts reserved Vol. 160, No. 10 Prnted n U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh304 Incdence and Rsk Factors for

More information

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements CS 75 Machne Learnng Lecture 4 ensty estmaton Mlos Hauskrecht mlos@cs.ptt.edu 539 Sennott Square CS 75 Machne Learnng Announcements Homework ue on Wednesday before the class Reports: hand n before the

More information

Johnnie Johnson, Owen Jones and Leilei Tang. Exploring decision-makers use of price information in a speculative market

Johnnie Johnson, Owen Jones and Leilei Tang. Exploring decision-makers use of price information in a speculative market Johnne Johnson, Owen Jones and Lele Tang Explorng decson-makers use of prce nformaton n a speculatve market Abstract We explore the extent to whch the decsons of partcpants n a speculatve market effectvely

More information

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship Downloaded from orbt.dtu.dk on: Jan 31, 18 Comparsons of Means for Estmatng Sea States from an Advancng Large Contaner Shp Nelsen, Ulrk Dam; Andersen, Ingrd Mare Vncent; Konng, Jos Publshed n: Proceedngs

More information

School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan , China

School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan , China 2017 Internatonal Conference on Energy, Power and Envronmental Engneerng (ICEPEE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-456-1 Evaluaton on Sustanable Utlzaton of Water Resources n Shandong Provnce Based on Water Footprnt

More information

Coalition Formation in a Global Warming Game: How the Design of Protocols Affects the Success of Environmental Treaty-Making

Coalition Formation in a Global Warming Game: How the Design of Protocols Affects the Success of Environmental Treaty-Making Coalton Formaton n a Global Warmng Game: How the Desgn of Protocols Affects the uccess of Envronmental Treaty-Mang Frst draft: March, 23 Ths verson: November, 23 Johan Eycmans K.U.Leuven, Centrum voor

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn

More information

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through Muscle dran versus bran gan n assocaton football: technology transfer through player emgraton and manager mmgraton G. J. Allan a * and J. Moffat b a Correspondng Author: Department of Economcs, Sr Wllam

More information

Beating a Live Horse: Effort s Marginal Cost Revealed in a Tournament

Beating a Live Horse: Effort s Marginal Cost Revealed in a Tournament Clemson Unversty From the SelectedWorks of Mchael T. Maloney March, 2008 Beatng a Lve Horse: Effort s Margnal Cost Revealed n a Tournament Mchael T. Maloney, Clemson Unversty Bentley Coffey, Clemson Unversty

More information

Heart rates during competitive orienteering

Heart rates during competitive orienteering BrJ Sp Med 1993; 27(1) Heart rates durng compettve orenteerng S. R. Brd PhD M Bol, R Baley BA and J Lews BA Department of Sport Scence, Chrst Church College, Canterbury, UK Ths study nvestgated the heart

More information

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents Analyss of old Tme Models for Total Floodng Clean Extngushng Agents Todd M. etrck, Al S. Rangwala Department of Fre Protecton Engneerng Worcester Polytechnc Insttute Worcester, MA 69-8 Abstract Ths study

More information

What does it take to be a star?

What does it take to be a star? Unversty of Freburg Department of Internatonal Economc Polcy Dscusson Paper Seres Nr. 1 What does t take to be a star? The role of performance and the meda for German soccer players Erk E. Lehmann and

More information

ITRS 2013 Silicon Platforms + Virtual Platforms = An explosion in SoC design by Gary Smith

ITRS 2013 Silicon Platforms + Virtual Platforms = An explosion in SoC design by Gary Smith ITRS 2013 Slcon Platforms + Vrtual Platforms = An exploson n SoC desgn by Gary Smth 2013 2013 Gary Gary Smth Smth EDA, EDA, Inc. Inc. All All Rghts Rghts Reserved. Reserved. 1 The Fve Desgn Constrants

More information

WORKING GROUP TO REVIEW STOCK ASSESSMENTS 8 TH MEETING

WORKING GROUP TO REVIEW STOCK ASSESSMENTS 8 TH MEETING INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION WORKING GROUP TO REVIEW STOCK ASSESSMENTS 8 TH MEETING LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA (USA) 7-11 May 2007 DOCUMENT SAR-8-12h Report of Chinese Observer Program in the Tropical

More information

ST70+ User Reference Manual. Document reference: Date: January 2009

ST70+ User Reference Manual. Document reference: Date: January 2009 ST70+ User Reference Manual Document reference: 85024-1 Date: January 2009 Autohelm, HSB, RayTech Navgator, Sal Plot, SeaTalk and Sportplot are UK regstered trademarks of Raymarne UK Lmted. Pathfnder and

More information

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L.

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L. Prce Determnants of Show Qualty Quarter Horses Mykel R. Taylor Kevn C. Dhuyvetter Terry L. Kastens Megan Doutht and Thomas L. Marsh* The authors would lke to thank Professonal Aucton Servces, Inc. for

More information

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus Product Informaton Unversal grpper PZN-plus PZN-plus Unversal grpper Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth

More information

Nonlinear Risk Optimization Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization

Nonlinear Risk Optimization Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization pubs.acs.org/iecr Nonlnear Rsk Optmzaton Approach to Gas Lft Allocaton Optmzaton Mahd Khshvand and Ehsan Khamehch* Faculty of Petroleum Engneerng, Amrkabr Unversty of Technology, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT:

More information

Major League Duopolists: When Baseball Clubs Play in Two-Team Cities. Phillip Miller. Department of Economics. Minnesota State University, Mankato

Major League Duopolists: When Baseball Clubs Play in Two-Team Cities. Phillip Miller. Department of Economics. Minnesota State University, Mankato Major League Duopolsts: When Baseball Clubs Play n Two-Team Ctes Phllp Mller Department of Economcs Mnnesota State Unversty, Mankato September 2006 Abstract: Ths paper focuses on examnng the attendance

More information

Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach

Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach Econometrcs 2014, 2, 1-19; do:10.3390/econometrcs2010001 OPEN ACCESS econometrcs ISSN 2225-1146 www.mdp.com/journal/econometrcs Artcle Referee Bas and Stoppage Tme n Major League Soccer: A Partally Adaptve

More information

An Enforcement-Coalition Model: Fishermen and Authorities forming Coalitions. Lone Grønbæk Kronbak Marko Lindroos

An Enforcement-Coalition Model: Fishermen and Authorities forming Coalitions. Lone Grønbæk Kronbak Marko Lindroos An Enforcement-Coalton Model: Fshermen and Authortes formng Coaltons Lone Grønbæ Kronba Maro Lndroos December 003 All rghts reserved. No part of ths WORKING PAPER may be used or reproduced n any manner

More information

Advances in Fishing Methods to Reduce Bycatch

Advances in Fishing Methods to Reduce Bycatch Agenda Item H.1.a Supplemental NMFS Presentation 1 November 2017 Advances in Fishing Methods to Reduce Bycatch Pacific Fishery Management Council November 2017 Yonat Swimmer (presenter) NOAA, Pacific Islands

More information

PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19. MICHAEL FINUS * University of Hagen and National University of Singapore

PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19. MICHAEL FINUS * University of Hagen and National University of Singapore Journal of Appled Economcs. Vol IX, No. 1 (May 2006), 19-47 PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19 PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS JUAN-CARLOS

More information

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals Internatonal Journal on Marne Navgaton and Safety of Sea Transportaton Volume 6 Number 3 September 2012 Evolutonary Sets of Safe Shp Trajectores: Evaluaton of Indvduals R. Szlapczynsk Gdansk Unversty of

More information

Multi-criteria optimization of pitch curves for screw-type vacuum pumps

Multi-criteria optimization of pitch curves for screw-type vacuum pumps Mult-crtera optzaton of ptch curves for screw-type vacuu pups Dpl.-Ing. D. Pfaller, Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Brüer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Kauder Fachgebet Fludtechnk, Technsche Unverstät Dortund, Gerany Abstract

More information

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF DAILY RAINFALL OVER ORISSA, INDIA, DURING THE SOUTHWEST SUMMER MONSOON SEASON

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF DAILY RAINFALL OVER ORISSA, INDIA, DURING THE SOUTHWEST SUMMER MONSOON SEASON INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Clmatol. 3: 1867 1887 (3) Publshed onlne n Wley InterScence (www.nterscence.wley.com). DOI: 1.1/joc.974 SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF DAILY RAINFALL OVER ORISSA, INDIA,

More information

Free Ride, Take it Easy: An Empirical Analysis of Adverse Incentives Caused by Revenue Sharing

Free Ride, Take it Easy: An Empirical Analysis of Adverse Incentives Caused by Revenue Sharing MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve Free Rde, Take t Easy: An Emprcal Analyss of Adverse Incentves Caused by Revenue Sharng Danel, Rascher; Matt, Brown; Mark, Nagel and Chad, McEvoy Unversty of San Francsco,

More information

it500 Internet Thermostat

it500 Internet Thermostat T500 User Manual 16pp 025_Layout 1 03/09/2013 12:00 Page 1 T500 Internet Thermostat U S E R M A N U A L T500 User Manual 16pp 025_Layout 1 03/09/2013 12:00 Page 2 Product complance & safety nformaton These

More information