USDA-ARS Shellfish Aquaculture Research at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Brett R. Dumbauld Ecologist, USDA- ARS
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1 USDA-ARS Shellfish Aquaculture Research at the Hatfield Marine Science Center Brett R. Dumbauld Ecologist, USDA- ARS
2 Determining Genetic Diversity and Developing Tools for Genetic Improvement of Oyster Stocks in the Pacific Northwest Objectives 1. Assess the potential for genetic gain, and trade-offs among economically important traits in currently available Pacific oyster germplasm in order to develop a framework for informed decisions regarding alternative breeding stategies. 2. Evaluate and optimize mixed family breeding strategies for Pacific oysters. 3. Identify genetic markers for economically important traits in Pacific oysters to enable marker assisted selection.
3 Shellfish Breeding and Genetics MBP is the reason USDA-ARS is co-located here at HMSC Vacant geneticist position since 2012 Established a Specific Cooperative Agreement with OSU in 2015 to forward cooperative research to identify genetic factors associated with the expression and reguation of economically important traits in Pacific oysters Initial goals are to examine inheritance and breeding for resistance to ocean acidification and associated factors MBP Cohorts: Founder Population DABOB DABOB WILLAPA DABOB WILLAPA PIPESTEM WILLAPA DABOB DABOB MIDORI Japan C. gigas NEW KUMAMOTO Japan C. sikamea 1 st Cohort Tomales, Generation CA Willapa, WA PW Sound, AK Cohort PW Sound, AK Cohort Westcott, WA Cohort Sequim, WA Cohort Cohort Dabob, WA J Quarantine K Quarantine 2 nd Generation Cohort Totten, WA Cohort Tomales, CA Cohort Westcott, WA PW Sound, AK Cohort Totten, WA Cohort PW Sound, AK J Yaquina K Yaquina 3 rd Generation Cohort Totten, WA Cohort Cohort Westcott, WA Willapa, WA Cohort Totten, WA Westcott, WA Pipestem line 4 th Generation Cohort Cohort Cohort Dabob, WA Cohort Thorndyke, WA Peterson, AK Cohort P Yaquina 5 th Generation Cohort Oyster Bay, WA Cohort Oyster Bay, WA Netarts Bay, OR Cohort Netarts Bay
4 Developing Methods to Improve Survival and Maximize Productivity and Sustainability of Pacific Shellfish Aquaculture Objectives 1. Quantify and model burrowing shrimp and ocean acidification as sources of juvenile shellfish mortality that constrain oyster aquaculture production in West Coast estuaries. 2. Quantify the influence of shellfish aquaculture practices on existing estuarine habitats and quantify utilization of these habitats including shellfish aquaculture by fish and invertebrates at the estuarine landscape scale.
5 Shellfish Ecology Mud Shrimp (Upogebia pugettensis) Ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis)
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8 Shrimp Recruitment to PNW Estuaries Neotrypaea californiensis Upogebia pugettensis Change Locations
9 Estuary Habitats
10 Quantification of Estuarine Habitats Vegetation Aerial infrared photos in 2005 Ground truthing and mapping in 2006 (4,238 stations) Photo rectification and GIS layers creation Shrimp Sediment Aquaculture Elevation Trimble Pro XR
11 Habitat Area (ha) % Bay % tideflat Aquaculture oyster clam 4,599 3, Burrowing shrimp 3, Eelgrass 4, Historical 1888 natural cultivated 6,219 3,138 3,
12 Dungeness crab English Sole Fish and crabs
13 Oregon Estuaries and HMSC Provide Great Opportunities for Continued Collaboration Yaquina Bay Estuary (Newport, OR) Hatfield Marine Science Center Yaquina Bay Netarts Bay Tillamook Bay Yaquina Bay - HMSC location Netarts Bay Whiskey Creek hatchery and OA Tillamook and Coos Bays - Extensive shellfish aquaculture and native clam and oyster habitats, inventories and new studies
14 Thanks!!
15 Burrowing Shrimp Life History Adult Juvenile Molting Growth Mating Timing of reproduction Egg Recruitment Egg development Postlarvae Stage V Zoea Larval development and dispersal Stage I
16 Shrimp Larvae found near shore (10nm) decreasing with distance from shore larvae found >10nm in only 6 of 119 samples (~5%)
17 Nearshore Oceanography in the California Current System Late Spring & Summer Strong upwelling and southward and offshore transport Larvae lost or transported alongshore Fall & Winter + Storms and Reversals Downwelling and northward onshore transport Larvae pushed back towards estuaries to recruit Hickey and Banas 2003
18 Density of Recruits (number m -2 ) Wind stress, cumulative wind stress, and spring transition dates: data products for Oregon upwelling-related research S. D. Pierce and J. A. Barth OSU College of Earth, Ocean, & Atmospheric Sciences Willapa Bay S Cumulative Northward Transport During Upwelling Period N
19 Isopod Prevalence Shrimp Density (number m -2 ) 300 Cedar River, Willapa Bay Mud shrimp Upogebia Orthione griffenis Orthione Year
20 Metapopulation declines Abundant Collapsed Locally Extinct
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF BIVALVE SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND ITS ECOLOGICAL ROLE IN THE ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
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Context Most US West Coast open coast estuaries have: INTERTIDAL AQUACULTURE AS HABITAT IN PACIFIC NORTHWEST COASTAL ESTUARIES: CONSIDERING SCALE
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