Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case study
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1 Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case study Outline: Danajon Bank FISH Project objectives and strategies Fisheries management initiatives Fisheries monitoring Other measurable project results Future EBM directions for Danajon Bank Nygiel B. Armada Fisheries Resource Management Advisor FISH Project
2 Danajon Bank The Danajon Bank ecosystem Only double barrier reef in the Philippines High biodiversity and the most habitat-rich fisheries ecosystem in the Central Philippines Extensive coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats Traditional fishing ground for reef fishes, rabbit fishes and many small pelagics Traditional fishing ground for blue crabs, shrimps, squids, sea cucumbers Bohol Strait Panglao Island CAMOTES SEA Danahon Bank Talibon BOHOL SEA Leyte Canigao Channel Threats to the marine ecosystem Degraded corals - living coral is less than 25% Heavily exploited demersal biomass density is 0.44 t/km 2 Illegal and destructive fishing dynamite, Danish seine, trawl, fine meshed nets Mangrove cutting, illegal conversion, siltation
3 FISH Project Project sites: Calamianes Islands, Northern Palawan Danajon Bank, Bohol Surigao del Sur, Pacific Seaboard Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago Management Mechanisms Growth Control Maintenance Change in exploitation pattern Modes of delivery Capacity-building Constituency-building Policy improvement Increase in fish stocks by 10% Demersal fish stocks (tons/km2) %
4 EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM Recommended Actions: 1. Delineation of ecosystem boundaries 2. Characterization of the dynamics of the ecosystem and determination of habitat needs of important organisms 3. Development of indices of ecosystems health as targets for management 4. Development of conceptual model of the food web and assessment of how removals are related to trophic structure 5. Assessment of institutional elements of the ecosystem which most significantly affect fisheries 6. Development and implementation of strategies such as management planning, zoning schemes, gear/species-specific management, registration & licensing, law enforcement, MPAs 7. Establishment of governance system that is responsive to ecosystems approach 8. Development of long-term monitoring schemes Basic Elements of the FISH Project s EBFM Approach: Incremental understanding of the dynamics of the marine ecosystem the defined boundary Early fisheries management actions on obvious fisheries exploitation (gear?) issues Immediate fisheries management interventions for species that constitute a large portion of the food web (economic importance?). Development of governance system that is responsive to ecosystems approach (scale?)
5 EBFM: from concept to practice Control Mechanisms: Network of marine protected areas Species-specific management (spatial and temporal close season) Gear restrictions and size limits Registration and licensing Zoning of fishing and water activities Cross-cutting initiatives: IEC, Policy, Law Enforcement
6 Network of MPAs Calituban Guindacpan Sag Nocnocan Hingotanan East Cataban Bilangbilangan Hingotanan East West Pinamgo Bantigue Humayhumay Aguining Sinandigan
7 Species specific management Rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus) Close season during spawning season of rabbit fish -4 th 5 th and 6 th day after the new moon - monthly for the entire year or for a few months only Banning of fine meshed gears catching rabbit fishes Banning of selling of rabbit fishes during close season
8 Species specific management 12 cm Blue crab (Portunus pelagicus) Ban on catching and selling of berried females Size limits (12 cm carapace width?) Minimum crab gillnet mesh size of 10 cm (4 inches) Impounding berried females (7 days?) Zoning of crab fishing gears
9 Gear specific management Size composition of blue crab, Portunus pelagicus caught by gillnet, liftnet, and crab pot Crab gillnet Crab liftnet Crab pot Length at maturity
10 Zoning
11 Fisheries monitoring MPA assessment - mean biomass (tons/km 2 ) in MPAs Baseline and monitoring years % Lanuza Bay Mean biomass Auqui Carascal General Is Adlay Capandan Uba Danajon Bank Fisheries independent surveys kg/unit effort Baseline and monitoring years % CPUE Bottom-set gillnet * Bottom-set longline Fish trap Bottom trawl
12 Fisheries monitoring Fisheries dependent surveys kg/unit effort Base and monitoring years % CPUE Danajon Bank Filter net Hook and line w/float Danish seine Fish pot Drift gillnet Set gillnet (with plunger) Round-haul seine Stationary liftnet Squid jig (troll) Squid gillnet Multiple handline Encircling gillnet Hook and line (simple) Trammel net Squid pot Drive-in gillnet Fish corral Spear w/compressor Bottom-set longline Crab liftnet Crab gillnet Spear gun, harpoon Crab pot Bottomset gillnet Otter trawl Beach seine
13 Fisheries monitoring Summary of observations from base line and monitoring activities Emphasized the severity of the overfishing problem Motivated partners and stakeholders commitment Confirmed observed increases in catch rates Showed which fishing gears benefited from initiatives Highlighted the fact that illegal fishers benefit the most from management initiatives
14 Other measurable project results Inter-municipality arrangements Adoption of CRM as a basic service (building on CRM) Multi-year municipal CFRM Plan codifying fisheries ordinances Establishment MPAs network of MPAs (about 30) Training of people s organizations in MPA management Ordinances regulating mesh sizes, ban on active gears Ordinances on closed seasons and ban on catching of gravid individuals Fishers and fishing boats registration system Establishment of coastal law enforcement units - both at municipal (MCLET) and MPA level (SET)
15 Future EBM directions CAMOTES SEA Danahon Bank Leyte Talibon Canigao Channel Bohol Strait Panglao Island BOHOL SEA
16 Key governance challenge Fishing frequency of Danish seine in 2004
17 Key governance challenge Fishing frequency of Danish seine in 2006
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