DRAFT. Case Study Comparison. The bleaching of the reefs. The march of the toads. The Yellowstone fires of 1988 Local causes of changes
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1 Case Study Comparison The crab jubilee The march of the toads The bleaching of the reefs The Yellowstone fires of 1988 Local causes of changes Global causes of changes Environmental effects Economic effects 211 The Regents of the University of California Social effects Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 1.1
2 Class Duckweed Population Data Duckweed Population Size Week Group 1 Group 2 Group3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group The Regents of the University of California Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 2.1
3 Climate Information for Locations Location A: GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Location B: IQALUIT, CANADA Location C: MURMANSK, RUSSIA Location D: KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA The Regents of the University of California Location E: KIEV, UKRAINE Location G: N DJAMENA, CHAD Location F: FUNCHAL, PORTUGAL Location H: PEPEEKEO, HAWAII Average temperature Average precipitation Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 3.1
4 Climate Information for Locations (continued) Location I: BARROW, ALASKA Location J: PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Location K: LINCOLN, NEBRASKA Location L: KUWAIT CITY, KUWAIT The Regents of the University of California Location M: ANCHORAGE, ALASKA Location O: PHOENIX, ARIZONA Location N: OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO Location P: LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Average temperature Average precipitation Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 3.1
5 Biomes Match Organism Picea mariana Ideal growing conditions and other information Temperature Precipitation Soil Other Best biome match Sorghastrum nutans Encelia farinosa Carex saxatilis Chloris gayana Monarda fistulosa 211 The Regents of the University of California Rafflesia arnoldii Heteromeles arbutifolia Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 3.2
6 Invasive Species Information Name of Organism Round goby Effects on economy Effects on environment Effects on human health Information about breeding, reproduction, and lifecycle Information about food sources and eating habits 211 The Regents of the University of California Information about habitat and methods of spreading Other information Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 4.1
7 Tragedy of the Commons Game A: What s your fishing limit? Round # Starting # fish in lake Fish you caught $ you earned ($1 per extra orange fish caught, $2 per yellow fish) Orange Yellow Orange Yellow Total End result (what s going on in your lake): Game B: What s your fishing limit? Round # Starting # fish in lake Fish you caught $ you earned ($1 per extra orange fish caught, $2 per yellow fish) 211 The Regents of the University of California Total Orange Yellow Orange Yellow End result (what s going on in your lake): Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 5.1
8 Tragedy of the Commons (continued) Game C: What s your fishing limit? Round # Starting # fish in lake Fish you caught $ you earned ($1 per extra orange fish caught, $2 per yellow fish) Orange Yellow Orange Yellow Total End result (what s going on in your lake): Game D: What s your fishing limit? Round # Starting # fish in lake Fish you caught $ you earned ($1 per extra orange fish caught, $2 per yellow fish) 211 The Regents of the University of California Total Orange Yellow Orange Yellow End result (what s going on in your lake): Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 5.1
9 Plankton Dichotomous Keys Use the following key to determine what genus of plankton you are examining under the microscope. Look at each slide on low, medium, and high power on the microscope. In the table below, record all of the steps you follow to identify each plankton species. 1a. Most plankton are symmetrical in two planes go to 2 1b. Plankton are asymmetrical or symmetrical in only one plane go to 6 2a. Most plankton are spherical, with smaller, dark circles inside Volvox 2b. Most plankton are not spherical go to 3 3a. Most plankton are rectangular go to 4 3b. Most plankton are not rectangular go to 5 4a. Most plankton are stacked in multiples Diatoms 4b. Most plankton are not stacked, but are long and thin oscillatoria 5a. Plankton is two to four times as long as it is wide euglena 5b. Plankton is more than five times long as it is wide Closterium 6a. Plankton has clear appendages Copepods 6b. Plankton does not have clear appendages go to The Regents of the University of California 7a. Most plankton are clearly defined, with a tail-like end Rotifers 7b. Most plankton are not clearly defined, with an irregular, blob-like shape.... Stentor Plankton Name Steps to Identification Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 6.1
10 Kelp Forest Energy Pyramid TERTIARY CONSUMERS sun SECONDARY CONSUMERS PRIMARY CONSUMERS PRODUCERS 211 The Regents of the University of California EARTH Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 7.1
11 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Diagram 211 The Regents of the University of California Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 9.1
12 Sample Procedure for Respiring Beans Variable: Number of Beans 1. Set up four cups of beans according to the diagram. Label the number of beans for each cup. 2. Prepare indicator solution according to instructions, then add to the bean cups. 3. Tightly cap all cups. Respiring beans Number of beans No beans 2 beans 4 beans 6 beans Time to color change 4. Start the timer and observe the cups. Observe the cups every two minutes. 5. When the indicator changes color, record the time on the data table. 6. Clean up according to instructions. 211 The Regents of the University of California 7. Share data according to instructions. Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 1.1
13 Sample Procedure for Plant Respiration and Photosynthesis Variable: Temperature 1. Set up six cups according to the instructions. Label three as control and three as experimental. 2. Prepare indicator solution according to instructions, and then fill the cups. 3. Tightly cap all cups. 4. Place a control and an experimental cup in the refrigerator, in the light at room temperature, and in the dark at room temperature. 5. Check the cups during the next class. Plant respiration and photosynthesis Variable #1: Light Variable #2: Temperature With plant, room temperature, light Control: without plant, room temperature, light With plant, room temperature, dark Control: without plant, room temperature, dark With plant, cold, dark Control: without plant, cold, dark Starting color Ending color 211 The Regents of the University of California 6. Record observations. 7. Clean up according to instructions. Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 11.1
14 The Avril Seal Population The data below show the population of the Avril seals over time. Note that the Avril seal is a predator of the Avril tuna Number of Avril seals Year Population Data for the Avril Seal Year Initial population # of births # of deaths Final population The Regents of the University of California Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 14.1
15 Cod-dominated Ecosystem Population level (relative) Year Hint: Cod are fished for human consumption. cod northern snow crab zooplankton phytoplankton 211 The Regents of the University of California phytoplankton zooplankton northern snow crab cod Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 16.1
16 Tiger-shark-dominated Ecosystem Population level (relative) Year Hint: Tiger sharks are fished for human consumption and sport. tiger shark cow nose ray bay scallop 211 The Regents of the University of California bay scallop cow-nose ray tiger shark Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 16.2
17 Orca-dominated Ecosystem Population level (relative) Year Hint: Perch are fished for human consumption. Orcas prefer perch, but will eat otters. orca otters perch urchins algae 211 The Regents of the University of California algae urchin perch sea otter orca Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 16.3
18 Caspian-seal-dominated Ecosystem Population level (relative) * Year * First record of M. leidyi is in November 1999 Caspian seal sturgeon kilka zooplankton phytoplankton M. leidyi 211 The Regents of the University of California phytoplankton zooplankton kilka sturgeon Caspian seal Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 16.4
19 The Avril Gulf Tuna Fishery The Current Condition of the Avril Gulf Tuna Fishery The community of Avril Gulf is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It has a total coastline of 55 km (34 miles). Avril Gulf s total fishing area covers 275, km 2 (16,178 sq mi) adjacent to the coast, as shown in the map below. Avril boundary of Avril Gulf fishing area N Atlantic Ocean KEY proposed marine reserve proposed aquaculture open net pens Scale 2 4 kilometers Avril Gulf s waters are home to several species of oceanic fish, including tuna, spotted flying fish, and blue striped fish. The top predators in the marine ecosystem are gray sharks and Avril seals. The trophic relationships among these organisms are shown in the food web below. 211 The Regents of the University of California gray shark spotted flying fish Avril Gulf tuna zooplankton Avril seal blue striped fish phytoplankton Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 18.1
20 The Avril Gulf Tuna Fishery (continued) In the 197s, the population along Avril Gulf s coast grew. Economic prosperity in the 197s and 8s led to an increase in jobs and public resources, including schools and health care. People flocked to the coast to work in the fishery. In the 198s, Avril Gulf s economy continued to thrive as the fishery caught, processed, and sold Avril Gulf tuna. Improvements in fishing technology, such as faster boats and more accurate radar for finding schools of fish, allowed fishermen to bring in big catches. While this growth meant higher income for a great number of families, new housing developments built along the coastline affected the coastal waters. Building caused erosion and runoff of contaminants into coastal waters, which damaged the spawning grounds of the Avril Gulf tuna. The Avril Gulf Tuna Fishery is Closed A dramatic drop in Avril Gulf tuna numbers, as shown in the graph below, prompted Avril Gulf to close the tuna fishery in 21 in an attempt to save the declining tuna population. 1, Number of fish 5, fishing closed The Regents of the University of California In its place, local fishermen have begun catching the spotted flying fish to take to market. Worldwide, there is less demand for this fish, and as a result it is sold at a low price. Avril Gulf is facing a big challenge. With the closing of the tuna fishery, residents are concerned that the economy may suffer. Avril Gulf has an opportunity to make a decision that will affect the sustainability of its coastal communities. Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 18.1
21 Tracking Indicators Strategy: Marine Reserve / Open-net pen Aquaculture Indicator Predicted outcome Actual outcome Human consumption of tuna 5 years 1 years Percentage change in Avril Gulf s coastal human population The Avril Gulf tuna population Avril Gulf tuna critical habitat use 211 The Regents of the University of California Water transparency Fishery-related employment Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 19.1
22 Comparing Aquaculture and Marine Reserves in Avril Gulf Evidence in support of Evidence against Aquaculture Marine reserve 211 The Regents of the University of California Science & Global issues/ecology Student sheet 19.2
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