Cuota Global Anual de Captura de Jurel
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1 Chilean Law Regulating Discards at Sea; Cuota Global Anual de Captura de Jurel Its implementation in National Fisheries Presented by Luis Cocas Diciembre de 2012
2 NOAA Fisheries Observer, Alaska 2013 DAG Meeting UK 2002 Rutgers University New Jersey, USA 2000 Marine Biology Valparaiso University Chile 2012 to present Director Discard Program & Fisheries Observer Program Undersecretariat for Fisheries Chilean Government Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 2
3 Km² Chile Mainland 2,009,299 Pacific Island 1,672,690 Total EEZ 3,681,989 Km² United Kingdom 773,676 Overseas Territories 2,328,933 Total EEZ 6,805,586 5 th Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 3 11 th
4 Capture production by principal producers 2010 World Total: 89 Million MT. Source: FAO, Other countries 0.61 UK; 28 th 2.7 Chile ; 9 th 15.4 China Million of Metric tons China 15.4 Indonesia 5.4 India 4.7 USA 4.4 Peru 4.1 Russian Fed 4 Japan 3.1 Myanmar 2.7 Chile 2.7 Norway 2.7 UK 0.6 Other Countries 37 4
5 1,4 Volume of Exports Fisheries and Aquaculture Millions Metric tons 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Fisheries Aquaculture Year 3,5 Value of Exports Fisheries and Aquaculture Billion US $ 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 Fisheries Aquaculture Year Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura
6 Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 6
7 Aquaculture Centers 22% 35% Registered artisanal vessels Industrial Vessels operating Total Disembark 4,435,373 MT Registered artisanal fishermen 43% Whatever happens in fisheries and aquaculture has strong socio-economic impacts Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 7
8 Number of Fishing Vessels 2012 Total: ~3% Number of artisanal vessels by gear 2012 Total Vessels 82% Landings ~97% industrial Artisanal 7971 Vessels 18% Landings Purse seine vessels Other gears Number of artisanal vessels by length range Total: Number of vessels m 2-3 m 3-4 m 4-5 m 5-6 m 6-7 m 7-8 m 8-9 m 9-10 m m m m m m m m m Number of vessels Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 8
9 25000 Number of Fishermen 2012 Total : Number of Fishermen Number of Fishermen Regions of Chile Number of Fishermen by Category 2011 Total: Arisanal vessel owners Skippers and crews Divers Gatherers, apnea divers, seawed collectors Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 9
10 Evolution of landings Percentage of participation % Industrial % Artisanal Year Industrial Landings ,9 Industrial Landings 1, Millions Metric tons Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 10
11 6 5 4,9 Capture Source: FAO, 2012 Millions Metric tons ,8 2,7 Chile 1 0,7 0, UK Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 11
12 Million Metric tons 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Pelagic Fisheries 1,86 1,65 1,19 0,89 0,32 0, ANCHOVY SPANISH SARDINE AUSTRAL SARDINE COMMON SARDINE JACK MACKEREL SWORD FISH Demersal Fisheries Thousands of Metric tons CHILEAN HAKE HOKI SOUTHERN BLUE WHITING SOUTHER HAKE GOLDEN KING CLIP SPLENDID ALFONSINO CHILEAN SEA BASS DEEPWATER CARDINALFISH Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 12
13 7 6 6,527 Crustacean Fisheries Thousands of Metric tons ,336 NAILON SHRIMP YELLOW CRAWFISH RED CRAWFISH KING GRAB KING GRAB Millions Metric tons , Landings for Jack Mackerel in Chile Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura Disembarks ,
14 Changos Alacaluf es Chonos Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 14
15 In most fisheries catches brought on board are selected. What is not utilizable is returned to the sea where usually dies Discards can occur for many reasons, economic, regulatory, technological, etc. No quantifying discards may have adverse effects for managing fish stocks; underestimated fishing mortality introduces bias in science advice Waste of food resources and economic opportunities. Adverse effects on the marine environment Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 15
16 Global annual discards in metric tons Disembarks with discard information available FAO average for nominal catch (FishStat) Average rate of discards 8% Estimated total discards Gobierno de Chile Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura 16
17 Worst Best Weighed average discard rate (%) Range of discard Fishery Landings Discards ¹ rates % Shrimp trawl Demersal finfish trawl Tuna and HMS longline Midwater pelagic trawl Tuna purse seine Multigear y multiespecies n.d. Mobile trap/pot Dredge Small pellagic purse seine Demersal longline Gillnet (surface/bottom/trammel) Handline Tuna pole and line Hand collection Squid jig ¹ The sum of discards in this table is less than the global estimate, as a number of discard database records could not be assigned to particular fisheries
18 Chile 2%?
19
20 Defines discards at sea and incidental catch Turtles Seabirds Marine mammals
21 Prohibits discards of the target species and bycatch, unless some requirements are met Establishes penalties for who disobey the Law It will be monitored by cameras on board (CCTV) September 2014 :Industrial Fleet September 2017 : Artisanal Fleet It requires the development of a Research Program on discards It requires the development of a Reduction Plan to reduce discards and incidental catches Added Title VIII Scientific/Fisheries Observer
22 Discard Law Mandatory safe release of marine mammals, turtles and seabirds unless they are severely injured If so, they must be taken to rehabilitation centers on shore Mandatory release for other species according to administrative measures
23 Will have to inform discards to The National Fisheries Service (Enforcement Agency) Any vessel > 45 ft long shall install and keep operative during the entire fishing trip a CCTV System (Cameras-EM) to detect and register discards at sea. (2014 Industrial; 2017 Artisanal) Installation and maintenance of the EM system by the ship-owner Collection and processing of images to be held by the National Fisheries Service or external entities. Within two years of the Discard Law enacting, shall be issued the "Regulations on CCTV Systems". Research Program results will be considered for writing regulations. No regulations on CCTV No obligations or sanctions CCTV related.
24
25
26 Enough evidence on discards has been collected according to the Research Program. The Research Program on the target species and its bycatch keeps running. It has been established an annual global quota for the target species. The annual quota has included the discards. The target species and its bycatch are subjected to a Reduction Plan for discards. Discard does not affect the preservation of the target species. Annually, the Undersecretariat for Fisheries will establish the list of target species and its bycatch that meet the requirements mentioned above.
27 Owner of the vessel that discarded US$ Captain/skipper who commited the offense US$ (industrial) US$ (artisanal) Vessel operating without a functioning CCTV System or has tampered / interfered CCTV System (September,2014) US$ (Vessel -owner) US$ (Captain/Skipper) Omission or incomplete delivery of information regarding discards: US$ Delivering false information US$
28 During the Research Program on discards, penalties regarding discards will not be applicable to any vessel actively participating in the Program according to protocols: Observers onboard Self reporting by skippers (logbooks)
29 Aims to quantify discards, determine the causes of discard, how discard is being carried out, and the means by which the information will be recorded Lasting two years minimum. At least should consider the information collected by observers onboard and logbooks completed by captains/skeepers of the fleet As an outcome, it should propose measures aimed to mitigate discards It will allow to gather the scientific background to elaborate a Reduction Plan for discards of target species, bycatch, and also for incidental catches Throughout resolution, the Undersecretariat for Fisheries will designate the target species and its bycatch to be studied annually by the Program.
30
31 2 species of Hake (Merlucius gayi gayi) 27 Industrial vessels and 860 artisanal vessels (Macruronus magellanicus) only Industrial fleet 19 vessels 1 species of Shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) Industrial fleet 2 species of Crawfish (Cervimunida johni) Industrial fleet 27 vessels (Pleuroncodes monodon) Industrial fleet
32 CRUSTACEANS April, 2013 HAKE June, 2013 HOKI September, has been requested a significant budget increase Increase coverage in fisheries 2013? Incorporate new fisheries to the program?
33 Total number of species : 112 Bony fishes 58 Chondrichthyans 22 Crustaceans 19 Molluscs 5 Echinoderms 4 Marine mammal 1 Cnidaria 1 Porifera 1 Frequency of occurrence of bycatch Squid 41% Flounder (sole) 31% Crab 31% Conger 20% Red Crawfish 19% Blanquillo 14%
34 Annual average size for Industrial hake Males and females combined Indicates 37 cm
35 Shrimp North CAMARON NAILON (72,2%) GRNADERO ACONCAGUA (7,7%) MERLUZA COMUN (5,4%) South CAMARON NAILON (77%) GRNADERO ACONCAGUA (5,7%) MERLUZA COMUN (4,5%) GRANADERO CHILENO (5,1%) GRANADERO CHILENO (2,6%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,3%) LENGUADO OJO GRANDE (1,5%) 72 % Shrimp LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (1%) OTRAS ESPECIES (30) (6,3%) 77 % Shrimp RAYA VOLANTIN (1,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (66) (7,5%) Yellow Crawfish North LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (90,2%) MERLUZA COMUN (2,4%) South LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (78,1%) LANGOSTINO COLORADO (14,1%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,4%) JAIBA PACO (1,5%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (2,5%) CAMARON NAILON (1,8%) LANGOSTINO COLORADO (1,3%) MERLUZA COMUN (1,5%) 90% Yellow carawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,6%) OTRAS ESPECIES (13) (1,7%) 78% Yellow crawfish JAIBA PACO (1%) OTRAS ESPECIES (12) (1%) Red Crawfish North LANGOSTINO COLORADO (92,4%) MERLUZA COMUN (4,0%) South LANGOSTINO COLORADO (94%) MERLUZA COMUN (2,7%) LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (1,4%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (1,0%) JAIBA PACO (0,9%) LENGUADO DE OJO GRANDE (0,9%) LANGOSTINO AMARILLO (0,8%) TIBURON NEGRO (0,4%) 92,% Red crawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (2) (0,1%) 94% Red crawfish JAIBA LIMON (0,3%) OTRAS ESPECIES (9) (0,8%)
36 In a maximum of 3 years from the implementation of the Research Program on discards, a Reduction Plan shall be in place, the Plan shall contain: Administrative measures and technological improvements/changes to reduce discards and incidental catches Monitoring Program for the Reduction Plan Assessment of the reduction measures implemented A training program for fishermen A program to provide information to the community regarding discards and good fishing practices. A code of conduct for responsible fishing practices Government Incentives for the innovation in fishing gears and fishing practices,aiming to reduce discards and incidental catches
37 Scientific (Fisheries)Observer (OC): Data collected by observers are considered critical to estimate accurately the discards and other fishery information Must accomplish qualifications Must be designated by the Undersecretariat for Fisheries In charge of the observation of interactions between fishing activities and the marine environment, and the collection of fishery and biological data for research, conservation, and management. Under no circumstances they will act as enforcement agents, inspectors or can monitor compliance of fishing regulations
38 Title VIII Added by the Discard Law No Observer onboard designated vessel (artisanal or Industrial) No fishing Ship-owner should ensure that captains and crew of their vessels provide extensive cooperation to the observer onboard, as well as: Adequate space for collection and analysis of samples Adequate place to process data Adequate accommodations, food, personal safety, and access communication Observers will be provided with a tracking device for personal emergencies (PLB) Who obstruct the exercise of the observer duties aboard ships or processing plants will be punished by fines US$
39 Information collected under the Research Program will be public (names of ships and ship-owners encoded) and may be required by any institution for evaluation, and to generate proposals for the Reduction Plan. Information collected by Observers will be managed by the Undersecretariat for Fisheries and will be only used for management and conservation.
40 Inadequate sample stations or space to record/process data
41
42 Self reporting in logbooks (accuracy of information is critical) Cooperation with the observer (collecting and processing samples) Change their normal operation to allow data collection
43
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