This Report not to be cited without prior reference to the Council x ) REPORT OF THE BLUEFIN TUNA WORKING GROUP

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1 ...- This Report not to be cited without prior reference to the Council x ) nternational Council for the Exploration of the Sea C.M.1976/J:5 Pelagic Fish (S) Committee REPORT OF THE BLUEFN TUNA WORKNG GROUP Observations on the Size Composition of Bluefin Tuna Catches from 1975 by H. Aloncle J. Hamre J. Rodriguez-Roda and K. Tiews x)general Secretary lces Charlottenlund Slot 2920 Charlottenlund DENMARK

2 REPORT OF THE BLUEFN TUNA WORKNG GROUP ntroduction Material Results References Tables Figures CONTENTS PAGE o 0

3 - 1 - NTRODUCTON r Reference is made to previous reports of the Bluefin Tuna Working Group (Statistical News Letters Nos and 38 to Cooperative Research Reports Sero A No. 23 and to No. 40 as wel us to Docs. C.M.1974/J:7 and C.M.1975/J:5). Tho Members continued their work by correspondence and with other tuna research workers in the region. n the following the datu obtained for the fishing season 1975 are presented. MATERAL Data on the size and age composition of Bluefin Tuna catches were received from the following countries: Cunadu (Tubles 1-4) Denmark (Table 5) France (Table 6) Norway (Tuble 7)Spain (Tubles 8-10) and USA (Tables 11-17). Mrs C.D. Burnett und Dr J.F. Cuddy reported that Canadian landings of Bluefin in 1975 amounted to 629 metric tons a decline of 139 metric tons from the previous yeur. The purse seine fishery for juveniles off the eustern coast of the United States accounted for 291 metric tons un increase of 188 metric tons over 1974 but within a domesticully imposed quota. The incidental cuptures of Bluefin in mackerel traps in St Margaret's Bay Nova Scotia declined by 115 metric tons to 144 metric tons in 1975 a decrease which may have been due to the reduced entry of mackerel into the Bay since this species is the principal food of Bluefin when in Nova Scotian waters. The third category of Cunadian Bluefin landings those from the sports fishery~ also declined from 265 metric tons to 206 metric tons (Table 1). This was due in part to restrictions on the fishing season and to a catch limit of two fish per vessel per day. Seasons of ten weeks' duration were established for various parts of the Gulf of St Lawrence with no transfer of vessels between areas ' permitted. n addition the number of licences was frozen at the 1975 level preventing an anticipated significant expansion of the fleet and the maintenance of log records wus made compulsory. Weight distribution of Bluefin taken in four areus along the Canadian Atlantic Coast are summarized in Tuble 2. Of the 33 fish caught in Newfoundland one was taken on the west coast (in Bonne Bay) for the first time in approximately 35 years. Table 3 shows size data by months for Prince Edward sland; the weight increased as the season progressed. Catches of 8mall Bluefin from the purse seine fishery in July and August; off the mid-atlantic coast of the United States were sampled for size (length) composition. Sampes are combined for presentation in Table 4. n this year an experimental otolith sampling program for age determination of giant Bluefin Tuna wus started. Otoliths were sectioned at 0.2 mm through the sulcus using u macrotome with a carborundum blade and examined in oil of cloves. Good agreement betweenage determinations using this. method and those from vertebral ring counts wus found for the smuller fish. For the larger fish examined however the vertebral rings were difficult to read peripherally and

4 - 2 - appeared to underestimate the age which as judged by the otolith sections seemed to be in the range of 18 to 24 years (Caddy and Butler 1975). Preliminary data indicate good agreement between the age composition of Giant Bluefin catches in the East and West Atlantic in n and 148 fish respectively were tagged and released in the Chaleur Bay and St Margaret's Bay areas. A total of four recoveries were made in the Gulf of St Lawrence during 1975 of fish tagged in n addition a tuna tagged in the Bay of Chaleur in 1974 after capture on rod and reel was recaptured off Grand Anse N.B. and another that had been tagged in 1973 off Barnegat Light (New Jersey) after capture by purse seine was recaptured.in the same general area. A tuna 'ranch' - two pound nets 94 metres in diameter and 30 metres deep - was set up by commercial interests early in the season in St Margaret's Bay. Fifty-five large Bluefin were towed in cages from the traps to the ranch. The fish were fed approximately 1 1/2 %of their body weight of mackerel and herring each day for aperiod of three to four months. At the end of this period the fish were in premium condition and were shipped to the Japanese market. rrespective of economic aspects this procedure does show that retention of large tuna in pounds is feasible with a minimal mortality «5%). 4t Dr o. Bagge reported that 7 Bluefin Tuna which were landed in Denmark were caught by Swedish midwater trawlers fishing herring in the Kattegat (Table 5). The French data were submitted by Dr H. Aloncle (Table 6). According to Mrs Eelga A. Gill the total Norwegian Bluefin catch in 1975 was fish with a total weight of kg. All catches were landed in the immediate vicinity of Bergen. No fish were reported from northern Norway or Skagerrak. Because of difficulties with sales and lack of cod storage capacity three fish stops (2-3 days each time) were imposed. Poor weather set a stop for further fishing 14 September. Weight frequency distribution (per mille) of the weekly catch is given in Table 7. twill be noted that the total weight does not correspond to the total catch. This is due to some of the weight recordings being incomplete. No length measure~ ments were taken and therefore condition factors are missing. No tag return has been reported in Dr Luis Rivas from the Southeast Fisheries Center Miami Florida visited Bergen for a short while to collect morphological data on Bluefin. Dr Rodriguez-Roda reported that on the southern Spanish coast only two madragues were fishing i.e. at Barbate and at La Linea. The catches were: Barbate La Linea tuna 14 tuna kg kg Total tuna = kg

5 - 3 - Thus the catches in Barbate were larger in 1915 than in The mean age of tuna for Barbate was 10.9 years at a mean length of 232 cm (Table 8). Dr J.L. Cort from Santander informed the Working Group that fishing for Bluefin Tuna in northern Spain is carried out by 35 vessels from Fuenterrabia. Their engine power ranges from 200 to 450 h.p. The activity of this fleet begins by mid-june and continues until October-November. Vessels from other ports may also occasionally catch some tuna but these are only minor catches. Catches of the Fuenterrabia fleet can be estimated as 97% of the total northern Bluefin Tuna catch. The catch landed by the Fuenterrabia vessels was kg. The effort of the fleet has been days at sea x number of men 8.5% higher than that of 1914 ( days at sea x number of men) and the fishing season lasted for about 30 days more than in the previous year. This unit has been adopted jointly by the Spanish and French (CNEXO) scientists studying Bluefin Tuna in the Bay of Biscay. C.p.u.e. has been lower this season: t the number of fish caught per unit effort to a larger catch of small fish in season were the following: kg in 1975 and 68 kg in 1974; however was 4.4 in 1975 and 3.6 in 1974 due The outstanding features of the The total lack of fish amounting to kg corresponding roughly to age groups V-X; these fish have been steadily decreasing over the two last years and the same was the case for fish of kg (age groups V-V) (Table 9). No data are available for The occurrence of large longliners in the Bay of Biscay during the last two years coincides with the decrease of these groups of fish in the catches of the 10cal fleet. This makes us believe that the longliners fish especial1y on those groups of fish and consequently local vessels must go for small fish of age groups 11 and t 2. From October onwards fish of age groups 11 and 111 have been leaving the area and at the same time the fish of age group (65-10 cm) began to enter the fishing grounds. Temperatures observed during that period ranged from 11 to 18 C lower than those typical for other fish groups (19-21 C). This situation remained unchanged until 20 November when the season was closed tuna were measured in the period July-October. The final distribution of age group frequencies also includes the catch takenin November (6 500 age group fish) (Table 10). 43 fish were studied for sex ratio. They were distributed as folows: 32 of age group V 1 of age group V 2 of age group V and 2 of age group 111. Gf these 53.5% were males and 46.5% females. The US data were submitted by Dr Grant L~ Beardsley. t was stated that the total harvest of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna by US sport and commercial fishermen in 1975 was approximately metric tons (Table 11). The purse seine fishery for small fish (ages 1-6) caught metric tons. The fishery was characterized by good fishing for 2-year-old Bluefin and more than 70% of the catch (by weight) consisted of this year class (Table 12). There was also a relatively abundant year class of 4 year olds and almost 11% of the catch was from this year class. The good catch of 2 year olds in the northwestern Atlantic in 1975 confirms

6 - 4 - reports of a strong year class of 1 year olds in the northwestern Atlantic in n addition the seine fishery voluntarily restricted their harvest of this year class last year although the good availability and abundance could have resulted in a substantial catch of this age group. The fishery was terminated on 15 August when US regulations based on CCAT recommendations went into effect. The catch of Giant Bluefin Tuna by purse seine was metric tons. This fishery operated only for abrief period in September and all of the catch came from Cape Cod Bay. A great part of the catch early in the season consisted of kg Bluefin but later in the season larger fish entered the catch. The fishery for Giant Tuna by gears other than purse seine (primarily harpoon and handline) landed approximately fish weighing metric tons. Most of these fish were taken in the waters off Massachusetts (Table 13). The availability of Giant Bluefin was good during most of July August and September. The fishery was closed on 21 September when it was anticipated that the quota of fish would be reached. The fishery also closed in July for approximately 14 days for economic reasons. The fishery was apparently dependent upon a large concentratio~ of Giant Bluefin off Massachusetts which remained in the area for a considerable length of time. Fishing remained good right up to the closure date in September and it is very likely that a substantially larger catch would have been taken had the season not closed. The sport fishery for Bluefin Tuna particularly for the small fish is centered off the coasts of New Jersey and New York. Preliminary estimates indicate the 1975 catch to be at about metric tons. The bulk of the catch consisted of 1 year olds. The number of Bluefin landed by sport fishing in 1975 is estimated at about fish. year are about fish. The good catch in 1974 also consisted mostly of Estimates of last year's catch based on surveys made this 1 year olds and was the result of a strong incoming year class. RESULTS 1. n 1975 the Spanish madrague fishery which had practically ceased fishing in 1974 recovered again yielding with 448 tons even larger catches than in Also the Norwegian fishery continued to recover and produced catches of fish the largest catch since 1968 although due to difficulties with sales and lack of cold storage capacity the fishery was again interrupted several times. 3. The overall Canadian catches continued to decline by 139 tons and amounted to 629 tons in 1975 but this was due in part to restrictions on the fishery and as far as the incidental captures of Bluefin Tuna in mackerel traps are concerned due to the reduced entry of mackerel into the St Margaret's Bay Nova Scotia. The US Bluefin Tuna catches increased substantially from metric tons in 1974 to tons in The French fishery in the Bay of Biscay also increased from 521 metric tons in 1974 to 692 tons in 1975 as did the Spanish fishery in that area producing fish (1975) against fish (1974).

7 The Norwegian Eluefin Tuna catches were again of the same size composition as in previous years (Figure 2) and tallied again widely with that of the Canadian catches of Giant Tuna while the Spanish madrague catches were ~ slightly smaller thanthose in the West Atlantic (Figure 1). 6. The US and Canadian purse seine catches of juvenile fish were dominated by 2 year olds confirming last yearts finding of a strong year class of 1 year olds in the northwestern Atlantic in A relatively abundant year class of 4 year olds was also present in the catches. 7. Also in the Eay of Eiscay the strongest year class was that of 2 year olds. REFERENCES ALONCLE H.' HAMRE J. RODRlGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K Fifth Report of the Eluefin Tuna Working Group. Observations on the size composition of E1uefin Tuna catches from 1970 to Cons. int. Explor. Mer Coop. Res. Rep. No. 40 pp ALONCLE H. HAMRE J. RODRlGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K Report of the Eluefin Tuna Working Group. Observations on the size composition of Eluefin Tuna catches from Cons. int. Explor. Mer C.M.1974/J:7 pp.1-18 (mirneo). \ ALONCLE H. HAMRE J. RODRlGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K Report of the Eluefin Tuna Working Group. Observations on the size composition of the E1uefin Tuna catches from Cons. int. Explor. Mer C.M.1975/J:5 pp.1-23 (mirneo). CADDY J.F. and EUTLER M.J.A Recent catch trends and age composition in Canadian coastal fisheries for giant E1uefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and their re1evance to assessment of the Northwest Atlantic large fish stocks. lccat SCRS 1975/38. HAMRE J. LOZANAO F. RODRGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K. from the E1uefin Tunn Working Group. On the E1uefin Tuna fisheries from 1950 to 1964 and on size compositionof Eluefin Tuna catches. Mer Stat. News Letters No. 25 pp Second Report development of the further observations Cons. int. Explor. HAMRE J. LOZANAO F. RODRlGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K Third Report from the E1uefin Tunn Working Group. Observations on the size composition of Eluefin Tuna catches from Cons. int. Exp1or. Mer Stnt. News Letters No.38 pp HAMRE J. MAURlN C. RODRlGUEZ-RODA J. and TlEWS K Report of the E1uefin Tuna Working Group. Observations on the size composition of B1uefin Tunn cntches from Cons. int. Exp1or. Mer Coop. Res. Sero A No. 23 pp HAMRE J. and TlEWS K Report from the Bluefin Tuna Working Group. On the size composition of Tuna catches fro~ Cons. int. Exp1or. Mer Stnt. News Letters No. 20 pp.1-43.

8 - 6 - Tab1e 1. Canadian catches of B1uefin Tuna from the At1antic Ocean Landings (Nominal catch in metric tons live weight) Year ' _... ~.- -. Traps and Purse Total long1ines Sports x ) seines commercia ! j i ~----_.. _. -_.- _._ x)prior to 1974 tagged and/or re1eased.fish are inc1uded in the sports totals 1974 releases estimated at 18 tons 1975 sports releases at 8 tons.

9 - 1 - Table 2. Size composition (live weight per mille by 10 kg unit). of large Bluefin Tuna captured in four localities along the Canadian Atlantic coast in Prince Size New Edward class Newfoundland Brunswick Nova Scotia Total sland (kg) Smoothed Sport Sport Sport Commercial Sport f.--._ Number Total Mean weight kg. -- Size class 40 kg

10 - 8 - Table 3. Size composition of large Bluefin Tuna caught by rod and reel off Prince Edward sland during four consecutive months of the 1975 season (live weight per mille by 10 kg unit) July August September October Size class No. of No. of No. of No. of (kg) fish 100 fish 100 fish 100 fish 100 : ni 1 4 _..~ i 270 i 1 13 i 1 4 J ; 1 4! i i : : ! ! i i ! 18 : j ! -----~._ ' _. -.._. -_.. _--- _.~ " ~ --- Total t L Number _._-_._--'" ~ Mean i weight kg - j ~_..._ _.._._--- -_....._._ J Size class 240 kg kg

11 - 9 - Table 4. Size eomposition of small Bluefin Tuna taken off the US eoast by Canadian purse-seine vessels in Size elass (ern) No. of fish 1» (Smoothed) i HO Total Size eategory em (fork length ealiper).

12 Table 5. Weight distribution of Bluefin Tuna landed in Denmark in The weight group refers to gutted fish with gills (kg). Weight group kg ! i i! Total 7 n All the Tuna are eaught by Swedish midwater trawlers fishing herring in "Kattegat. Table 6. Freneh Bluefin Tuna eatehes in 1975 from Golfe de Gaseogne (Franee) in kg. Date Fish below 30 kg Total wei~ht Fish above 30 kg 5 Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun. - 2 Jul Jul. - 9 Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul. - 5 Aug ! Aug Aug i Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug. - 3 Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep. 1 OeL Oet. - 8 Oet Oet Oet Oet Oet Total

13 Table 7. Size composition (kg) of Norwegian Bluefin Tuna catches south of 62 N by smoothed weight frequency (~) in Group means Week Numbers -- wt.' W Total x x x ! ' /Conttd.

14 Group means Table 7 (Continued) -'--'-'---._-----_.._-- Week Numbers W' W Total.----f ' i 1 3! ' ! 1 2! i i ! ! - -! 1-3 j ! - 1 -! 1 - x x 1 1 n j W' / W ~4~~~ ~~~~:~ ~20~5~~~ "---'-- --_ _._--_.._---.' W' = weight of gutted fish without head W = weight of ungutted fish (W = W' x 1.285) i!

15 Table 8. Sizeeomposition in 0/00 (smoothed) of Spanish madrague eatehes of Bluefin Tuna at Barbate in Length Group 0/00 (em) smoothed ' i ! " ~ '~ ~) n = 289 -_._ _....._...-.

16 ._--_._~ Table 9. r _ ~._~eight (kg) < 10 l ' T-:~~~-n~~~-e: of fish/year ~ l - ]4 - Spanish Bluefin Tuna catches from the Bay of Biscay according to commercia1 size categories 1anded at the fish market at Fuenterrabia in %from ~~ ~~~3-- --~97~ -r _ ~: ~ 10~:~--j... :_-~ i()~:~ i -100~0 J i Table 10. Age composition of Spanish B1uefin Tuna catches from the Bay of Biscay in L Ag!!..~r~~?--_J.---~~-:~~~-~~... ;~_:~:-_:-- :ni1~..! l ! V i V: : V i ~ _. -_ _. _. _... _--._.. -._-_._..~ ~ota~ Table catch of At1antic B1uefin Tuna by US fishermen. Metric Tons F~~:e seine ;::::r:_ 6 ) Purse seine (> age 6) Harpoon hand1ine rod and reel j

17 Table 12. Estimated 1975 catch of Bluefin Tuna (in metric tons) of US purse seine fleet in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Figures do not include an estimated metrictons of Giant Bluefin Tuna taken by purse seine in September. Age June July August Total Total Table 13. Landings of Giant Bluefin Tuna (> 135 kg) by States from harpoon handline and rod and reel fishery. Louisiana 2 Florida 1 Maryland 1 New Jersey 9 New York 27 Rhode sland 6 Massachusetts New Hampshire 25 Möine t--.._- Total '.

18 Table Monthly size eomposition of small Bluefin Tuna eaught by US purse seine fleet in 1975 in ~ (smoothed) (fork length by ealiper). (Total eateh = metrie tons total sampled = fish)... Fork length (em) July August Total i : n =

19 ....Tab1e Sampe weight frequencydistribution of Giant At1antic B1uefin Tuna caught by the US purse seine fleet in ; September 1975 (total catch = fish total samp1ed = 964 fish) in ~ (smoothed). Round Weight ) 'fx; (kg) ]; (smoothed) ~ ' ' ~ Round Weight ) ~ (kg) ]; (smoothed) ~12.qq - ~17.o T ' " n = 957 ];)One fish weighed kg and one weighed kg

20 Tab1e Estimated numbers and ages of At1antic B1uefin Tuna caught by the US purse seine fleet in Age June Ju1y August Table 17. Sample length frequency distribution of New England handgear for Atlantic Bluefin Tuna caught in 1975 by US fishermen (total catch = fish greater than 300 bs (= 136 kg) round weight total sampled = 657 fish) in ~ smoothed. 4t _--_ Fork length Harpoon Rod & Ree1 Handline Gear Total in ~ (em) unknown (smoothed) ! n =

21 n= n = n= 469 ~n= los 0 0. " \ / \ \ \ - : '... o-r---=-----.:...--~----=::::::::.-~---.l... ~' ~ 7977 _ / ) / ~848 " " \..... \...: : : '. : ".. : '' t '- \ " " ' "'' : :. " \ '. ': :.' ". /. \. : :. "". : \ '.. ' ~.". ~' ' " \ \\ 7972 \ o-+--j~--/\--=""':::~========::="'- --.::..~_~~"''';: '.' \ :: o -+-~~-_--:::::::::-:~~~:"---.:.:.:...~_---=::::::-.;:'>~ :. ' o+--+-":::::=~~----':":-".c=;;=a--~~~--r------":~ cm Figure 1. Size composition of Bluefin Tuna catches made in USA Norway Spain and Canada.

22 700 'loo 50 O USA -- Conoda Norwoy " / '" " " n=257 n=j ~~ -r jc :.:-:...: ~ "... "... or =------"":.-" ~...-~ 50 ~ ".....< ~... "".....~.. " '~ J ' / ' "... '" "... ".'.... ' o-t :::== o::'::::' ~-:-::--~::::::: ~ O+--~--~~ r =:.--":..::..._--_r_ ~- r---.;...=-=.._ kg Figure 2. Weight composition of Bluefin Tuna catches made in USA Canada and Norway.

C.M.l978fJt:~34... I -"1-

C.M.l978fJt:~34... I -1- This ReEort not to be cited without Erior reference to th~\cou~cilx) nternational Council\for the Exploration of the Sea _,t ) ',d~' C.M.l978fJt:~34....... -"- Pelagic Fish 8ommfttee~~ REPORT OF THE BLUEFN

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