Presented By: T.Chailagoaban

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Presented By: T.Chailagoaban"

Transcription

1 Presented By: T.Chailagoaban

2 What is Coral? An animal belongs to Phylum cnidaria Cnidarians are readily symmetric means they are symmetric all the way around 360 degrees They are built like sacs with a hole in one end that is surrounded by stinging tentacles A corals body is called as coral Polyp Millions of coral polyps together make the structure of coral reef

3 Anatomy of a Coral Polyp

4 Anatomy of a coral Few millimeters in diameter They are radially symmetrical with tentacles surrounding a central mouth. The mouth is used to absorb food and expel waste The stomach closes at the base of the polyp The base is formed by a thickened calciferous ring

5 Coral Symbiosis Symbiosis occurs when two organisms create a union in which each is benefited by the other. Corals live a Symbiotic life Inside the sac of each coral polyp lives an algae called zooxanthellae (zoo-zan zan-thel-y). The algae gives off oxygen and other nutrients that the coral polyp needs to live and in return the polyp gives the algae carbon dioxide and other substances the algae needs

6 Coral Symbiosis Carbondioxide, nitrite, phosphates Corals Zooxanthalle Oxygen, nutrients, color, glucose, glycerol, and amino acids

7 Zooxanthelle Zooxanthelle gives the color, oxygen and nutrients to the corals Zooxanthelle

8 Climate conditions Suitable for Corals Reefs grow in sunny, shallow, clear water. The water must be clear and shallow so that the reef can get lots of sunlight poorly in areas where there is a lot of river runoff due to the freshwater as well as the silt which can cover a reef or muddy water blocking the sunlight The best temperature for coral reefs is between 25 and 31 o C and the best salinity is between 34 and 37 parts per 1000

9 Growth of a coral The polyp grows by vertical extension of the basal plate forming vertical calices which are occasionally septated to form a new, higher, basal plate Over many generations this extension forms the large calciferous structures of corals and ultimately coral reefs Coral calciferous bands Formation of the calciferous exoskeleton involves deposition of calcium carbonate by the polyps from calcium ions they accumulate from seawater

10 Catching a prey The polyp's tentacles trap prey using stinging cells called nematocytes These are cells modified to capture and immobilize prey such as plankton, by injecting poisons, firing very rapidly in response to contact The toxins injected by nematocysts immobilize or kill prey Then it will be drawn into the polyp's stomach by the tentacles

11 Nematocyst discharge: (1) A dormant nematocyst (2) discharges its stinging apparatus in response to nearby prey 3), leaving a barbed stinging filament (4) with which to draw in the prey. Catching a prey Nematocyst Filament

12 Reproduction

13 Three methods Reproduction Broadcast Spawning corals release gametes - eggs and sperm - into the water to spread colonies over large distances - Brooders They will release the sperm into the water but will house the eggs - Asexual - Fragmantation : Forms two polyps as large as the original - Budding : new polyp growing from an adult

14 Coral Mating During the mating season coral polyp release eggs and sperm into the water and when an egg and a sperm meet they form a larva known as a planula

15 Coral Mating coral Egg

16 Asexual Reproduction Gemmation (small central calicle) Division (large double calicle).

17 World-Wide Distribution of Reefs

18 World wide distribution of Reefs Coral reefs are estimated to cover 284,300 square kilometers with the Indo-Pacific region accounting for 91.9 percent of the total Southeast Asia accounts for 32.3 percent of that figure Pacific including Australia accounts for 40.8 percent Atlantic and Caribbean coral reefs only account for 7.6 percent of the world total

19 Coral reef restricted areas Coral reefs are either restricted or absent from along the west coast of the Americas, as well as the west coast of Africa due to upwelling and strong cold coastal currents that reduce water temperatures in these areas Corals are also restricted from off the coastline of South Asia from Pakistan to Bangladesh They are also restricted along the coast around north-eastern South America and Bangladesh due to the release of vast quantities of freshwater from the Amazon and Ganga Rivers respectively

20 Types of Reefs Coral Reefs are classified into three main types Fringing Reef 2. Barrier Reef 3. Atoll

21 Fringing Reef Lagoon Relatively young They develop along the coasts in shallow waters The corals grow upwards to sea level or just below and outwards towards the open ocean Fringing reefs are generally narrow platforms a short distance from shore and don't contain a substantial lagoon

22 Barrier Reef A coral reef growing parallel to the coastline and separated from it by a lagoon is called a barrier reef The lagoon may develop between the fringing reef and the land Barrier reefs can also originate offshore if the depth of the seabed out there is shallow enough to allow corals to grow

23 The Great Barrier Reef World s s largest coral reef system Composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands, that stretch for 2,600 kilometres (1,616 mi) The reef is located in the coal sea, off the coast of Queensland in north-east Australia The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is sometimes referred to as the single largest organism in the world

24

25 Atoll Atolls are rings of reef, often encircling an island having a shallow, sandy, sheltered lagoon in the middle Atolls grow on top of the submarine mountains which are remains of volcanoes Atolls were fringing reefs grown surrounding these volcanoes. When the volcanoes submerge into the water what remains is a ring of grown reefs called as Atolls.

26 Environmental Threats Runoff and coastal development - Industrialization in the coastal areas causes the water to get polluted with chemicals Shipping and oil Ship routes through the reef formations causes damage due to human error Wastes released from ships are a great threat eg Toxic paints, Wastes released from the engines Spilling of oil from the oil wells in the sea

27 Environmental Threats Over fishing Over fishing disrupts the food chains vital for the life cycle of corals causing un sustainability in their life cycle. -Fishing using dynamites causes the reefs to get damaged

28 Environmental Threats Crown-of of-thorns starfish A fish that eats corals by injecting digestive enzymes on the corals an sucks the liquefied tissue

29 Environmental Threats Coral Bleaching coral loosing its color Global warming and coral bleaching Due to global warming sea temperatures grow causing the corals to release the Photosynthesizing Zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae gives the color to the corals once they are released the calcium carbonate skeletons appear as white which is called as coral bleaching. If the water did not cool within about a month period the coral will die

30 IMPORTANCE OF CORALS They provide protection and shelter for many different species of fish. Without coral reefs, these fish are left homeless with nowhere to live and no where to have their babies. These fishes are food for many millions of people. People use to sell the beautiful fishes caught in the coral reefs as pets And coral are very important in controlling how much carbon dioxide is in the ocean water, by changing the carbon dioxide into Calcium Carbonate Coral reefs are very important because they protect coasts from strong currents and waves by slowing down the water before it gets to the shore

31 Corals Should be prevented Cradle to Myriads of Species Millennia to Create Moments to Destroy " --Jim Morris

Ocean Series Coral Reefs

Ocean Series Coral Reefs Ocean Series Coral Reefs Coral is part of the animal kingdom, a member of the scientific phylum Cnidaria along with other marine creatures including sea jellies. Sea jellies have a soft gelatinous body

More information

Cool Coral Facts. coral_reef_1.jpg

Cool Coral Facts.  coral_reef_1.jpg Corals Background Cool Coral Facts http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/coral/images/ coral_reef_1.jpg 1. One of the oldest ecosystems on Earth 2. Largest living structure on Earth 3. Without coral reefs,

More information

Overview. What are Corals?

Overview. What are Corals? Overview Coral Reefs extend back over 500 m.y. Grow in tropical seas with normal salinity Support a great variety of plant and animal life Cover less than 0.2% of sea floor Contain about 25% of marine

More information

Coral Reefs Lecture Notes

Coral Reefs Lecture Notes Coral Reefs Lecture Notes (Topic 10D) page 1 Coral Reefs Lecture Notes Corals Polyps & Zooxanthellae Coral Polyps Are coral polyps algae or animals? Description (What do coral polyps look like? Make a

More information

Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life

Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life 2012 Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life Biology 1010 Professor LynneGilbert-Norton 4/25/2012 Contents Introduction... 2 Coral Explained... 2 Evolution... 3 Eating Habits... 4 Location... 4

More information

26-3 Cnidarians Slide 1 of 47

26-3 Cnidarians Slide 1 of 47 1 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What is a cnidarian? 2 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What Is a Cnidarian? Cnidarians are soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around

More information

Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more

Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more Why are some coastal environments under threat? Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more likely

More information

Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities

Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Water covers nearly ¾ of the Earth s surface More than 50% of the world s population lives within an hour of the coast Oceans

More information

What and Where are the Coral Reefs?

What and Where are the Coral Reefs? Coral reefs first formed more than 500 million years ago in warm tropical climates, and since that time they have successfully developed and supported a tremendous array of plant and animal life. Covering

More information

Marine Ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Section 2

Marine Ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems are located mainly in coastal areas and in the open ocean. Organisms that live in coastal areas adapt to changes in water level and salinity. Organisms that live in

More information

LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS

LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS Summary The Great Barrier Reef stretches for over 2,300km along the eastern coast of Australia, but the creatures that have created this habitat measure just a few millimetres

More information

Meandrina meandrites (Maze Coral)

Meandrina meandrites (Maze Coral) Meandrina meandrites (Maze Coral) Order: Scleractinia (Stony Corals) Class: Anthozoa (Corals and Sea Anemones) Phylum: Cnidaria (Corals, Sea Anemones and Jellyfish) Fig. 1. Maze coral, Meandrina meandrites.

More information

PART 2 CORAL REEF ECOLOGY

PART 2 CORAL REEF ECOLOGY PART 2 CORAL REEF ECOLOGY Coral reefs are rocky mounds and/or ridges formed in the sea by marine organisms through the accumulation and deposition of limestone (calcium carbonate). The reef framework provides

More information

OCEAN FUN PACK. Coral Reefs

OCEAN FUN PACK. Coral Reefs OCEAN FUN PACK Coral Reefs Often referred to as rainforests of the ocean, coral reefs are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Coral reefs provide a home to at least 25% of all marine species,

More information

Marine Environments. Copyright 2011 LessonSnips

Marine Environments. Copyright 2011 LessonSnips Marine Environments I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied Excerpt from a poem by John Masefield Continents and islands

More information

UNIT 1: WATER SYSTEMS ON EARTH CHAPTER 3

UNIT 1: WATER SYSTEMS ON EARTH CHAPTER 3 UNIT 1: WATER SYSTEMS ON EARTH CHAPTER 3 HEAT CAPACITY HEAT CAPACITY (SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY) IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT THAT A SUBSTANCE CAN HOLD WATER HAS A HIGH HEAT CAPACITY IT CAN TAKE IN A LARGE AMOUNT

More information

Ch. 9 Tropical & Subtropical Shallow. Seas (Mangroves, Seagrass habitats, Coral Reefs)

Ch. 9 Tropical & Subtropical Shallow. Seas (Mangroves, Seagrass habitats, Coral Reefs) Ch. 9 Tropical & Subtropical Shallow Ch. 9 Tropical & Subtropical Shallow Seas Seas (Mangroves, Seagrass habitats, Coral Reefs) Mangroves Seagrasses Coral Reefs Biologic Communities Substrate is a limiting

More information

SALINITY. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains.

SALINITY. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SALINITY The types of organisms in an aquatic ecosystem depend upon the water s Salinity. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains. Salinity determines the two main aquatic

More information

Grade 8 Science: Unit 1 Water Systems Chapter 3

Grade 8 Science: Unit 1 Water Systems Chapter 3 Heat Capacity Grade 8 Science: Unit 1 Water Systems Chapter 3 Heat capacity ( ) is the amount of heat that a substance can hold. has a high heat capacity it can take in a large amount of heat before its

More information

ADVANCED INVERTEBRATES HAVE COMPLEX BODIES AND INTERNAL SYSTEMS

ADVANCED INVERTEBRATES HAVE COMPLEX BODIES AND INTERNAL SYSTEMS ADVANCED INVERTEBRATES HAVE COMPLEX BODIES AND INTERNAL SYSTEMS Arthropoda Most successful phylum on Earth Exoskeleton chitin Striated muscle Articulation Crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, crabs Echinodermata

More information

Coral Reefs N Q U. Visit for thousands of books and materials.

Coral Reefs N Q U.  Visit  for thousands of books and materials. Coral Reefs A Reading A Z Level N Leveled Book Word Count: 615 N Q U Written by Paula Schricker Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com Photo Credits: Front cover:

More information

October 2, 2012 Great Barrier Reef is Shrinking

October 2, 2012 Great Barrier Reef is Shrinking In News Focus #17, we head to the Great Barrier Reef off the east coast of Australia. The 2,000-kilometer-long reef ecosystem, the center-piece of a multi-billion-dollar tourism industry, is under threat.

More information

JELLYFISH CHARACTERISTICS

JELLYFISH CHARACTERISTICS JELLYFISH CHARACTERISTICS More than 200 species of jellyfish inhabit Earth's waters! Jellyfish, despite their name, are not fish. Instead, they are invertebrates (any animal lacking a backbone). In fact,

More information

Great Barrier Reef: Two-thirds damaged in 'unprecedented' bleaching

Great Barrier Reef: Two-thirds damaged in 'unprecedented' bleaching Great Barrier Reef: Two-thirds damaged in 'unprecedented' bleaching Image copyright ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Image caption Bleaching occurs when warmer temperatures drive out colour-giving

More information

Coastal management has lagged behind the growth in population leading to problems with pollution

Coastal management has lagged behind the growth in population leading to problems with pollution Fifty percent of the population of the industrialized world lives within 100 km of a coast. Coastal management has lagged behind the growth in population leading to problems with pollution and natural

More information

The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef Where are the most biologically diverse places on the planet? If I asked you this question, you might guess the Amazon rainforest in Brazil or the jungles

More information

Coral Reefs N Q U. LEVELED READER U Coral Reefs. Visit for thousands of books and materials.

Coral Reefs N Q U. LEVELED READER U Coral Reefs.  Visit  for thousands of books and materials. Coral Reefs A Reading A Z Level U Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,690 LEVELED READER U Coral Reefs N Q U Written by Paula Schricker Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. www.readinga-z.com

More information

Animals of the Benthic Environment II

Animals of the Benthic Environment II Animals of the Benthic Environment II Anticipation Guide Name: Section: 1. he shallow offshore ocean floor extends from the spring low tide shoreline to the seaward edge of the continental shelf. 2. he

More information

Bivalves: Mollusks that Matter

Bivalves: Mollusks that Matter Objective Bivalves: Mollusks that Matter Version 6/05 Students will understand the anatomy and physiology of mussels, and understand why they may pose health risks to humans. National Science Education

More information

Geology of the Hawaiian Islands

Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 24 8 April 2004 Any Questions? Rise and fall of sea level and its effect on Hawai`i Sea level Has fluctuated up and down many times in the geologic past Evidence?

More information

CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES

CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES 1. The world ocean can be divided into zones both and. The,, and zones that apply to large lakes also apply to the ocean. 2. In addition to the depth zones,

More information

Close-Reading Questions

Close-Reading Questions Name Date Close-Reading Questions Refer to this week s cover story, Running Wild, to respond to the questions below. Reread the article to find details that support your answers. Remember to write in complete

More information

Coastal & Marine Environment. Chapter. Coral Reef. Environment. Mazen Abualtayef Assistant Prof., IUG, Palestine

Coastal & Marine Environment. Chapter. Coral Reef. Environment. Mazen Abualtayef Assistant Prof., IUG, Palestine Coastal & Marine Coral Reef Mazen Abualtayef Assistant Prof., IUG, Palestine Contents What is coral reef? Its Importance Threats Artificial reef الالفقاريات Invertebrate: االنفرادي Solitary: شقائق النعمان

More information

Tide Pools Starfish eating a mussel

Tide Pools Starfish eating a mussel Tide Pools Lesson 6 T ide pools form in rocks where water collects in depressions in the rocks during low tide. A variety of plants and animals live their entire life in a tide pool. Many animals that

More information

Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids

Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Lesson Objectives Describe invertebrates in the phylum Mollusca. Summarize the characteristics of annelids. Vocabulary Annelida deposit feeder gills heart mantle Mollusca

More information

WHAT ARE ECOSYSTEMS? Dr. V. N. Nayak Professor of Marine Biology (Retd)

WHAT ARE ECOSYSTEMS? Dr. V. N. Nayak Professor of Marine Biology (Retd) WHAT ARE ECOSYSTEMS? Dr. V. N. Nayak Professor of Marine Biology (Retd) An ECOSYSTEM is an interacting system of plant, animals, and humans and the surrounding environment. An ecosystem contains living

More information

Higher than a Sea-Bird's Eye View: Coral Reef Remote Sensing Using Satellites

Higher than a Sea-Bird's Eye View: Coral Reef Remote Sensing Using Satellites LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP Higher than a Sea-Bird's Eye View: Coral Reef Remote Sensing Using Satellites Presented by Mark Eakin Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Tuesday, December 15, 2009

More information

You re a jellyfish, or jelly, and not a fish at all. You re a kind of invertebrate an animal that has no backbone. This is a lion s mane jellyfish.

You re a jellyfish, or jelly, and not a fish at all. You re a kind of invertebrate an animal that has no backbone. This is a lion s mane jellyfish. Table of Contents Floating at Sea...4 Jelly Bodies....6 Getting Around...8 Life Cycle...10 Hunter and Hunted...11 People and Jellyfish...13 Conclusion...15 Glossary...16 Index...16 This is a lion s mane

More information

Ocean Exploration and Human Impact. By: Carly Coupal, Logan Hoeppner, and Sydney McMichael

Ocean Exploration and Human Impact. By: Carly Coupal, Logan Hoeppner, and Sydney McMichael Ocean Exploration and Human Impact By: Carly Coupal, Logan Hoeppner, and Sydney McMichael Scuba Divers Scuba divers are people that wear underwater suits and have air tanks called an breathing apparatus

More information

Invasion of the Lionfish

Invasion of the Lionfish READTHEORY Name Date Invasion of the Lionfish The lionfish is one of the most dangerous fish in the Atlantic Ocean. Its body is covered with poisonous spines that can cause a very painful sting if you

More information

Coral Reefs. Coral Reefs A Reading A Z Level U Leveled Book Word Count: 1,405 N Q U LEVELED BOOK U. Connections Writing. Art

Coral Reefs. Coral Reefs A Reading A Z Level U Leveled Book Word Count: 1,405 N Q U LEVELED BOOK U. Connections Writing. Art Coral Reefs A Reading A Z Level U Leveled Book Word Count: 1,405 LEVELED BOOK U Coral Reefs Connections Writing Do you think people should protect coral reefs? Write an answer to the question using details

More information

OCN 201, Chemistry & Physics Section

OCN 201, Chemistry & Physics Section , A 1-April-2015 Name: Answer the True/False and Multiple Choice questions on the scantron sheet. Answer the remaining questions on this exam handout. Turn in both the scantron and exam at the end of class.

More information

INTRODUCTION SEAS AND OCEANS: A PRECIOUS RESOURCE KEY FACTS

INTRODUCTION SEAS AND OCEANS: A PRECIOUS RESOURCE KEY FACTS 6 ~ SEAS FOR LIFE INTRODUCTION SEAS AND OCEANS: A PRECIOUS RESOURCE We all benefit from our seas and oceans. In addition to the more traditional uses like transport, fishing, aquaculture, tourism and recreation,

More information

Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates

Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates Phylum Mollusca Very diverse - more species of molluscs than any other group in the ocean. Phylum includes: Bivalves (2 shells); ex. Clam Gastropods (1 shell, coiled);

More information

SCI-5 MES_Lamb_Oceans Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions

SCI-5 MES_Lamb_Oceans Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions SCI-5 MES_Lamb_Oceans Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions [Exam ID:53S2JF 1 Two children are swimming and jumping in the waves at the beach. On which part of the ocean are they standing? A Abyssal

More information

Seventh Grade. Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet. Name: Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life.

Seventh Grade. Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet. Name: Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life. Name: Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet Seventh Grade Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life. Based on benchmarks SC.6.3.1, SC. 7.3.1, SC. 7.3.2, SC. 7.5.4

More information

Jellyfish. Pic of Jelly Fish. Classification & Evolution. Relationship to Human. Haeckel s Medusae. Taxonomy. About Terminology. Anatomy.

Jellyfish. Pic of Jelly Fish. Classification & Evolution. Relationship to Human. Haeckel s Medusae. Taxonomy. About Terminology. Anatomy. Pic of Jelly Fish Jellyfish or jellies are the major non-polyp form of individuals of the phylum Cnidaria. They are typified as free-swimming marine animals consisting of a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell

More information

Questions # 4 7 refer to Figure # 2 (page 321, Fig )

Questions # 4 7 refer to Figure # 2 (page 321, Fig ) Shoreline Community College OCEANOGRAPHY 101 Fall 2006 Sample Exam # 3 Instructor: Linda Khandro Questions # 1 3 refer to Figure # 1 (page 284, Fig 11.7) 1. At which position is the moon in its new moon

More information

W o r k b o o k. Challengecoralreef

W o r k b o o k. Challengecoralreef W o r k b o o k Challengecoralreef 2008 Pacific Year of the Reef Coral reefs are very important to Pacific island life; they provide food, medicine, inspiration for arts and culture and sustain our livelihoods.

More information

9693 MARINE SCIENCE. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.

9693 MARINE SCIENCE. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2015 series 9693 MARINE SCIENCE 9693/03 Paper 3 (A2 Structured Questions),

More information

OCTOPUS Found throughout the world in tropical, warm and cold temperate waters - the octopus is a bottom dweller, spending much of its life in hiding, usually in a hole among rocks. All octopus species

More information

Marine Fishes. Chapter 8

Marine Fishes. Chapter 8 Marine Fishes Chapter 8 Fish Gills The construction of the gill is the same in all fish gill arch supports the entire structure, gill rakers are on the forward surface of the gill arch and gill filaments

More information

Spiny skinned animals with radial symmetrical body plan. Rays emanating from a common center. Internal skeleton of hardened plates of calcium

Spiny skinned animals with radial symmetrical body plan. Rays emanating from a common center. Internal skeleton of hardened plates of calcium Echinodermata Spiny skinned animals with radial symmetrical body plan. Rays emanating from a common center. Internal skeleton of hardened plates of calcium carbonate. Water vascular system and tube feet

More information

F I E L D T R I P CHAPERONE GUIDE

F I E L D T R I P CHAPERONE GUIDE 5th GRADE F I E L D T R I P CHAPERONE GUIDE Chaperones: Use this guide to move your group through the Aquarium s galleries. The background information, guided questions, and activities will keep your students

More information

They also don t have any lungs or gills. They absorb oxygen through their skins instead.

They also don t have any lungs or gills. They absorb oxygen through their skins instead. Jellyfish Lapbook Habitat/Where on the map Jellyfish are found in every ocean in the world. Where there's salt water from icy polar seas to tropical Pacific shores there are jellyfish. Complete: Finding

More information

Chapter 10 Lecture Outline. The Restless Oceans

Chapter 10 Lecture Outline. The Restless Oceans Chapter 10 Lecture Outline The Restless Oceans Focus Question 10.1 How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents? The Ocean s Surface Circulation Ocean currents Masses of water that flow from one

More information

Deep Water Currents Lab

Deep Water Currents Lab Deep Water Currents Lab Background: Anyone visiting the seashore is struck by the constant motion of water traveling on the surface of the ocean in the form of waves. But beneath the ocean's surface, water

More information

Repairing reefs. Coral reefs capture our imaginations with their

Repairing reefs. Coral reefs capture our imaginations with their Repairing reefs Coral is under threat all over the world. Trials are under way to find out whether it is possible to plant out coral to restore afflicted reefs. Researchers are collaborating on this with

More information

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book FOCUS Book Eddies often form on the edges of a fast-moving ocean current. Make a model of an eddy. Fill a clear plastic bowl with warm tap water. Slowly stir the water to make it swirl. Predict what will

More information

170 points. 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description.

170 points. 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description. Ch 15 Earth s Oceans SECTION 15.1 An Overview of Oceans 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description. (5 points) 1. German research

More information

Echinoderms Name Means: Echino- Spiny Derm- Skin About 7,000 species No Head! No Brain! No ventral, dorsal, posterior, or anterior sides! Do have oral (mouth) and aboral sides. Symmetry: Larvae are

More information

(2 nd edition) The Coral Reefs of the Yap Outer Islands

(2 nd edition) The Coral Reefs of the Yap Outer Islands The Coral Reefs of the Yap Outer Islands (2 nd edition) Written by Sara Cannon Edited by Nicole Crane Contributions from Avigdor Abelson, Giacomo Bernardi, Peter Nelson, and Michelle Paddack Onepeopleonereef.ucsc.edu

More information

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Name: Class: _ Date: _ OCN201 Spring14 1 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Short residence time elements are uniformly distributed in the oceans 2. Thermohaline circulation

More information

Coral Reef Activity Book

Coral Reef Activity Book Coral Reef Activity Book Coral Reefs for health, for wealth, for life Did you know... Coral reefs can be found in all tropical areas of the world. Corals can also be found in deep cold oceans. Most corals

More information

Chapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone

Chapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone Molluscs Characteristics of Phylum: More than 200,000 species Name means "soft body" Basic body plan head, muscular foot and visceral mass in most species Mantle-

More information

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE Chapter 2 Section 1 1. Most abundant salt in ocean. Sodium chloride; NaCl 2. Amount of Earth covered by Water 71% 3. Four oceans: What are they? Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian

More information

SECRET REEF. The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary

SECRET REEF. The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary SECRET REEF The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Deep in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, just 115 miles south of Texas lies a coral reef

More information

ACT NOW for the future of our reefs

ACT NOW for the future of our reefs Do It Yourself Kit WWW.CORALWATCH.ORG ACT NOW for the future of our reefs Rising water temperatures are a major contributor to mass coral bleaching events. Get involved in CoralWatch to monitor and protect

More information

Marine Ecosystems. Objectives. Key Terms SECTION 2

Marine Ecosystems. Objectives. Key Terms SECTION 2 SECTION 2 Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems of the world are made up of a wide variety of plant and animal communities. Marine ecosystems are located mainly in coastal areas and in the open ocean. Organisms

More information

Chapter. The Dynamic Ocean

Chapter. The Dynamic Ocean Chapter The Dynamic Ocean An ocean current is the mass of ocean water that flows from one place to another. 16.1 The Composition of Seawater Surface Circulation Surface Currents Surface currents are movements

More information

Climate change is doing damage to coral in the Great Barrier Reef

Climate change is doing damage to coral in the Great Barrier Reef Climate change is doing damage to coral in the Great Barrier Reef By Michael Slezak, The Guardian, adapted by Newsela staff on 11.30.16 Word Count 668 A school of fish hovers over staghorn coral on the

More information

OUR SEAS COASTAL SEAS

OUR SEAS COASTAL SEAS OUR SEAS Whether our homes are near or far from the sea, our lives depend on our planet s oceans. Covering about 70% of the earth s surface, our seas supply half the oxygen we breathe, and provide food

More information

RESOURCE BOOKLET M13/4/ENVSO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/T ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES PAPER 2. Tuesday 7 May 2013 (afternoon) 2 hours

RESOURCE BOOKLET M13/4/ENVSO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/T ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES PAPER 2. Tuesday 7 May 2013 (afternoon) 2 hours M13/4/ENVSO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/T 22136303 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES Standard level PAPER 2 Tuesday 7 May 2013 (afternoon) 2 hours RESOURCE BOOKLET INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this booklet

More information

Echinoderms. Phylum Echinodermata

Echinoderms. Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms Phylum Echinodermata spiny skinned or hedgehog skin sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, sea cucumbers 6000 species radial symmetry in 2 o development bilateral symmetry in larva http://www.biologyreference.com/dn-ep/echinoderm.html

More information

Great Barrier Reef: Bleaching 'kills 35% of area's coral' 8 hours ago From the section Australia

Great Barrier Reef: Bleaching 'kills 35% of area's coral' 8 hours ago From the section Australia Great Barrier Reef: Bleaching 'kills 35% of area's coral' 8 hours ago From the section Australia Image copyright AFP Image caption The recovery of coral cover is expected to take a decade or longer, scientists

More information

APPENDIX F DANGEROUS FISH AND MOLLUSKS

APPENDIX F DANGEROUS FISH AND MOLLUSKS APPENDIX F DANGEROUS FISH AND MOLLUSKS Since fish and mollusks may be one of your major sources of food, it is wise to know which ones are dangerous to you should you catch them. Know which ones are dangerous,

More information

SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET

SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Name 1. Read over the Student Learning Outcomes and associated General Questions on this page, and refer back and take notes on this page as you walk through the aquarium,

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 15 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 15 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 15 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level *2677524077* MARINE SCIENCE 9693/03 Structured Questions May/June 2013 Paper

More information

Chapter 12 Notes - Food from the Oceans The Fishing Industry

Chapter 12 Notes - Food from the Oceans The Fishing Industry Chapter 12 Notes - Food from the Oceans The Fishing Industry Major World Fish Stocks Simply put the worlds fish stocks are located almost exclusively on the continental shelves. Figure 12.3 indicates that

More information

Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution Oceanography

Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution Oceanography Student Name: Section: Grade: Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution Oceanography Introduction: The purpose of this ocean lab field trip is to observe and study live marine life, their habitats, and the

More information

Marine Science SAMPLE PAGES. 3rd Edition. For Australian Students. Bob Moffatt Tim Ryan Leon Zann. Photo Viewfinder Australia.

Marine Science SAMPLE PAGES. 3rd Edition. For Australian Students. Bob Moffatt Tim Ryan Leon Zann. Photo Viewfinder Australia. Marine Science For Australian Students 3rd Edition SAMPLE PAGES Bob Moffatt Tim Ryan Leon Zann Photo Viewfinder Australia Page 1 Contents Part A Oceanography Chapter 1 Ocean and coastline formation 5 Chapter

More information

Haitian Curriculum Fourth Grade Science Lesson Plan Coral Reefs in Haiti

Haitian Curriculum Fourth Grade Science Lesson Plan Coral Reefs in Haiti Haitian Curriculum Fourth Grade Science Lesson Plan Coral Reefs in Haiti Content/Theme: Coral Reefs in Haiti/Ecosystems Grade: Fourth Primary Benchmark: SC.4.L.17.4 Recognize ways plants and animals, including

More information

West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations

West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations VideoMedia Spotlight West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations For the complete video with media resources, visit: http://education.nationalgeographic.org/media/west-african-lungfish/

More information

Today: Coastal Issues and Estuaries

Today: Coastal Issues and Estuaries Today: Coastal Issues and Estuaries Coastal issues Human effect on coastlines What is an estuary Why are they so important? Circulation of water in estuary Environmental issues Coastal Issues: Problem

More information

Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp

Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp Crustaceans Phylum: Arthropoda ( jointed feet ) Invertebrate Exoskeleton (made of chitin) protects body and provides a place for muscles to attach to. Segmented body Jointed appendages

More information

Internal Anatomy of Fish

Internal Anatomy of Fish Internal Anatomy of Fish The Systems of a Fish Skeletal System Muscular System Respiratory System Digestive System Circulatory System Nervous System Reproductive System Special Organs Skeletal System

More information

The Composition of Seawater

The Composition of Seawater The Composition of Seawater Salinity Salinity is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water. Most of the salt in seawater is sodium chloride, common table salt. Element Percent Element Percent

More information

CORAL OCEANS. Project-based learning for ages Become an ocean explorer. bring the oceans to your classroom

CORAL OCEANS. Project-based learning for ages Become an ocean explorer. bring the oceans to your classroom CORAL OCEANS Become an ocean explorer Project-based learning for ages 7-11 bring the oceans to your classroom 01 CONTENTS Introduction 02 Overview 03 Teachers Notes 04 Lessons Overview Coral Introduction

More information

The Movement of Ocean Water. Currents

The Movement of Ocean Water. Currents The Movement of Ocean Water Currents Ocean Current movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern influenced by: weather Earth s rotation position of continents Surface current horizontal movement

More information

Grade 8 Science. Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 3

Grade 8 Science. Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 3 Grade 8 Science Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 3 Heat Capacity A measure of how long it takes a material to heat up or cool down. Water has a high heat capacity... It takes a long time to heat

More information

Evolution of Deepwater Coral Protection in the Southeast U.S

Evolution of Deepwater Coral Protection in the Southeast U.S Evolution of Deepwater Coral Protection in the Southeast U.S Tina Udouj, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Roger Pugliese, South Atlantic Fishery Management Council Overview Deepwater Corals

More information

3.9 FROM ISLANDS TO ATOLLS

3.9 FROM ISLANDS TO ATOLLS 3.9 1 3.9 FROM ISLANDS TO ATOLLS OBJECTIVES The students Listen to a description of the formation of volcanic islands, fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. Observe and participate in a simulation

More information

1. Distribute the activity sheet, and allow 20 minutes for the first use.

1. Distribute the activity sheet, and allow 20 minutes for the first use. A LOCAL WAY OF LEARNING Title: MISSING MANGROVE MESSAGE Author: Eulalie R. Rivera Elementary School Environmental Education Team Grade Level: 4-6 Concepts: 2.Ecosystem 6.Resources 9.Change Disciplines:

More information

Where Animals and Plants Are Found

Where Animals and Plants Are Found About Animals and Plants What I Need to Know Many different animals and plants live on Earth. The animals and plants live in different places and make up parts of different ecosystems. In an ecosystem,

More information

What are the threats to the oceans? Consequences. Four examples. Tuna

What are the threats to the oceans? Consequences. Four examples. Tuna Conservation of the marine environment Dr. Katrina Mangin Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology mangin@email.arizona.edu What are the threats to the oceans? Over-fishing & over-harvesting Climate

More information

Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms. Body Terms. Evolution has led to:

Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms. Body Terms. Evolution has led to: Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms Introduction to Arthropods jointed feet Most diverse and successful animals Over 750,000 species identified Segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages Body

More information

How is primary productivity affected by water depth in coral reef ecosystems in the Redang Island?

How is primary productivity affected by water depth in coral reef ecosystems in the Redang Island? How is primary productivity affected by water depth in coral reef ecosystems in the Redang Island? Word count: 3903 Subject: Biology Candidate number: 001224-0048 Abstract This experiment is about primary

More information

Life at its Peak of Exuberance: Coral Reefs and Tropical Rainforests

Life at its Peak of Exuberance: Coral Reefs and Tropical Rainforests Life at its Peak of Exuberance: Coral Reefs and Tropical Rainforests Note: These links do not work. Use the links within the outline to access the images in the popup windows. This text is the same as

More information

1. Animals are (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems. 3. Animals require for aerobic respiration.

1. Animals are (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems. 3. Animals require for aerobic respiration. Chapter 25 Animals: The Invertebrates I. Overview of the Animal Kingdom A. General Characteristics of Animals 1. Animals are (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ systems. 2. Animals are.

More information