Atlantic Shark Fishery: Gulf of Mexico. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species (HMS) Management Division
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1 Atlantic Shark Fishery: Gulf of Mexico National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species (HMS) Management Division
2 Brief Outline Fishery Management Basics General Shark Management Species Stock assessments and stock status Permits, Regions, and Seasons Quotas Authorized Gears and Landing Restrictions Data Reporting Markets Shark Research Fishery 2
3 Fishery Management Basics The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, is the primary domestic legislation for fisheries management This legislation requires all fishery management plans to: Maintain optimum yield of each fishery Prevent overfishing Include measures to rebuild the fishery, stock, or species if stock is overfished Consider impacts under 10 national standards including using best available science, costs, efficiency, bycatch, communities, and safety at sea NMFS must consider other domestic laws such as the Endangered Species Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act 3
4 Atlantic Shark Species Common Thresher Shortfin mako Ocean whitetip Blue Porbeagle Pelagic Sharks Alopias vulpinus Isurus oxyrinchus Carcharhinus longimanus Prionace glauca Lamna nasus Small Coastal Sharks (SCS) Bonnethead Atlantic sharpnose Finetooh Blacknose Sphyrna tiburo Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Carcharhinus isodon Carcharhinus acronotus Blacktip Bull Lemon Nurse Spinner Silky Tiger Large Coastal Sharks (LCS) Great hammerhead Smooth hammerhead Scalloped hammerhead Sandbar Carcharhinus limbatus Carcharhinus leucas Negaprion brevirostris Ginglymostoma cirratum Carcharhinus brevipinna Carhcharhinus falciformis Galeocerdo cuvier Sphyrna mokarran Sphyrna zygaena Sphyrna lewini Carcharhinus plumbeus There are also 19 shark species where retention is prohibited 4
5 Atlantic Shark Stock Assessments NMFS is responsible for conducting stock assessments for LCS and SCS. Assessments use Mexican shark data. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna s Standing Committee for Research and Statistics has conducted stock assessments for shortfin mako, blue and porbeagle sharks Most of the non-sandbar LCS species stock status is unknown, however blacktip sharks in the GOM are considered healthy Three of the four small coastal sharks found in the GOM are considered healthy Sandbar, dusky and blacknose sharks are overfished with overfishing occurring Shortfin mako sharks are experiencing overfishing and are approaching an overfished condition 5
6 Gulf of Mexico Shark Fishery Information The current commercial fishery in the Gulf of Mexico consists mostly of bottom longline vessels and a few gillnet vessels and focuses on large coastal sharks (e.g., blacktip, bull, lemon, hammerheads) Most commercial shark trips last less than a day and many of these vessels fish in other fisheries such as the snapper and grouper fisheries There is a recreational fishery for sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and most anglers target small coastal sharks and deep water anglers catch large coastal and pelagic sharks 6
7 Permits, Regions, and Seasons Permits Commercial: Directed and incidental limited access permits allows sale of sharks to federally permitted dealers Recreational: Angling and Charter/Headboat open access permits, no sale allowed Dealers: Allows purchase of sharks from commercial permit holders Regions/Seasons Fishing year is January 1-December 31 Fishing season closes when landings reach 80% of quota Most species quotas have one region (Atlantic, GOM and Caribbean) Non-sandbar LCS quota is split between GOM and Atlantic 7
8 Atlantic Shark Quotas Species 2009 Adjusted Quota 2009 Annual Landings Non-Sandbar LCS GOM mt dw mt dw Sandbar Research Fishery 87.9 mt dw 79.9 mt dw Small Coastal Sharks 454 mt dw 285 mt dw Blue sharks 273 mt dw 2.2 mt dw Porbeagle 1.4 mt dw 1.6 mt dw Common thresher, oceanic whitetip, shortfin mako 488 mt dw 94.9 mt dw 8
9 Authorized Gears Gears and Other Restrictions Pelagic & bottom longline, gillnet, rod & reel, handline, bandit gear Corrodible, non-stainless steel hooks are required for pelagic and bottom longline, circle hooks required on pelagic longline vessels Landing Restrictions All shark must have fins naturally attached through offloading, in the recreational fishery head must also be attached Sharks can be eviscerated and have heads removed Sharks can not be filleted or cut into pieces at sea Once landed and offloaded, sharks that have been filleted, quartered, halved, cut up can not be brought back onto a vessel issues a commercial shark permit 9
10 Reporting Requirements Shark Dealer Data Reporting Federally permitted shark dealers have to report on a bi-weekly basis Atlantic shark dealers are required to attend shark identification workshops in order to renew their permits Fishermen Logbook Reporting Selected fishermen must report fishing in approved logbooks within 48 hours of completion of that days fishing activity No fishing reports required if no trips occurred during the proceeding month Recreational Survey If contacted by phone or at the dock fishermen must participate in the Large Pelagic Survey and Marine Recreational Information Program 10
11 Atlantic Shark Markets Gulf of Mexico Shark Markets: Dependent on season and species availability International and Domestic Markets The 2008 average ex-vessel prices per pound for sharks in the GOM Large Coastal Shark Meat Small Coastal Shark Meat Pelagic Shark Meat Shark Fins $0.60 $0.54 $1.26 $
12 Shark Research Fishery In 2008, NMFS implemented a shark research fishery to gather information on: reproductive and age data from sandbar sharks; size distribution of LCS maintaining times-series of abundance, fin-clips for genetic analysis on-going tagging, including satellite archival tagging of smalltooth sawfish and dusky sharks evaluating effects of hook changes on prohibited species NMFS publishes a request for applications every year from commercial fishermen Approximately 10 fishermen from various regions participate each year 12
13 Questions?? United States Department of Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service Highly Migratory Species Management Division LeAnn Hogan Phone:
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