Photo Credit: Paul Hilton & IPNLF

Transcription

1 Photo Credit: Paul Hilton & IPNLF wild-caught Fish & Shellfish Sourcing transparency 2017

2 Alaskan Pollock Theragra chalcogramma Alaska, US Albacore Tuna Thunnus alalunga Republic of Korea FAO 51, 57 (Eastern and Western Indian) International waters Although currently no overfishing of albacore is occurring in the region, considerable uncertainty remains in the assessment, particularly due to the lack of biological information on Indian Ocean albacore tuna stocks. No output controls such as harvest control rule (HCR) or total allowable catch (TAC) are in place. Pelagic longlines induce no damage to sensitive benthic habitats. Management of longline fisheries in the Indian Ocean is deemed only marginally effective. Albacore Tuna Thunnus alalunga Republic of Korea FAO 71, 77 (Eastern and Western Central International waters The results of the 2014 North and South Pacific albacore stock assessment indicate that the stock is likely not in an overfished state. A multitude of vulnerable non-target bycatch species have been observed in the Pacific longline fleets, including listed sharks. Currently there is no harvest strategy or rules to control the fishing of this species to ensure long term sustainability of the fishery. Albacore Tuna Thunnus alalunga US FAO 71, 77 (Eastern and Western Central International waters MSC labelled albacore tuna is available in store. certified/pacific/aafa-pacific-albacore-tuna-north/aafa-and-wfoa-north-pacific-albacore-tuna Homarus americanus Pot and creel fishing induce low environmental impacts to the sea bed and accidental catches can be released alive which means the fishery creates low bycatch. American Lobster Argentinian Scallops Zygochlamys patagonica Argentina FAO 41 (Southwest Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua NAFO 3Ps (Newfoundland South) Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua NAFO 2J, 3KL, 4R (Newfoundland North, East and West) Following the collapse of the stock in early 1990s, commercial fishing has only been allowed for local communities at minimum catches to maintain livelihoods. The spawning stock biomass has been remained relatively stable at current fishing mortality levels. Nevertheless, the management is only partially effective, due to the very fragile stock situation, unknown effects of undeclared recreational catch and negative effects of bottom trawling. FIPs have been proposed to rebuild the depleted stock and improve the livelihoods of the local fishing communities: Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua Iceland ICES Va (Iceland )

3 Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua Norway ICES I, II (Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea) MSC labelled Norwegian line caught cod is available in store. certified/north-east-atlantic/norway-north-east-arctic-offshore-cod/norway-north-east-arcticoffshore-cod Atlantic Red Crab Cerastoderma edule New England, US Sustainable Practices in Place Atlantic red crabs are harvested by trap and there is only minimal impact on the soft mud habitat. Incidental catch of undersized crabs or other marine species are released live from the trap. The fishery was previously independently certified. Black Cod Anoplopoma fimbria Alaska, US certified/pacific/us-north-pacific-sablefish/us-north-pacific-sablefish Blue Mussels Mytilus edulis Denmark Limfjord, East Jutland and Isefjord Brown Crab Cancer pagurus Orkney, To improve the sustainability performance to meet the MSC standard, a FIP has been established since Key stakeholders include Orkney Sustainable Fisheries Ltd (OSF), Orkney Fishermen s Society (OFS), M&S, WWF, Marine, Scottish National Heritage, Crown Estate, Orkney Islands Council, MSC and local fishermen. More information on the FIP: Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta Alaska, US Coldwater Prawns Pandalus borealis Coldwater Prawns Pandalus borealis Greenland MSC labelled coldwater prawn is available in store. certified/arctic-ocean/west-greenland-coldwater-prawn/ Common Cockle Cerastoderma edule Denmark Limfjord

4 Crayfish Procambarus clarkii China FAO 61 Inland waters Crayfish is an alien invasive species and not native in China. The inland fishery with baited traps can be considered as of low concern regarding the interaction with threatened or vulnerable species, and discards. There are management practices in place at the fishery but the effectiveness is to be confirmed. More information on the FIP: Dover Sole Solea solea Sole are currently managed under a long term management plan that is considered to follow a precautionary approach and to maintain the long term sustainability of the stock. A management system is in place and partly effective for commercial species, while lacking consideration of impacts on non-target species, Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species and the ecosystem. Dover Sole Solea solea ICES VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea) Sole are currently managed under a long term management plan that is considered to follow a precautionary approach and to maintain the long term sustainability of the stock. A management system is in place and partly effective for commercial species, while lacking consideration of impacts on non-target species, Endangered, Threatened and Protected (ETP) species and the ecosystem. European Anchovies Engraulis encrasicolus Morocco Sub-area 1.1, 1.2 (Morocco Coastal, Canaries/ Madeira Insular) Anchovies swim in big shoals with little mixing of other species. They are caught by purse seiners which generate very small amount of bycatch. While the fishing method causes little impact on bycatch, improvement is required particularly on the management of the fishery such as through Harvest Control Rules. European Lobster Homarus gammarus Orkney, To improve the sustainability performance to meet the MSC standard, the FIP has been established since 2014 and will formally include lobster in the project in Key stakeholders include Orkney Sustainable Fisheries Ltd (OSF), Orkney Fishermen s Society (OFS), M&S, WWF, Marine, Scottish National Heritage, Crown Estate, Orkney Islands Council, MSC and local fishermen. More information on the FIP: seafood responsibility_and_stewardship/orkney_brown_crab_fip/ Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus NAFO 2J, 3KL, 3Ps, 4R, (Newfoundland North, East, South and West) Following the collapse of the stock in early 1990s, commercial fishing has only been allowed for local communities at minimum catches to maintain livelihoods. Since this fish is caught as bycatch in the Canadian cod fishery, impacts and management for this species is similar to the cod fishery. However, the management is only partially effective, due to the still very fragile stock situation, unknown effect of undeclared recreational catch and negative effects of the bottom trawling. A specific FIP has been proposed to rebuild the depleted cod stock and improve the livelihoods of the local fishing communities which have suffered from the collapse of the fisheries. As a bycatch of the cod fishery, haddock will also benefit from the introduction of this FIP. Find out more about the Canadian cod FIP: Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Iceland ICES Va (Iceland ) Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Norway ICES I, II (Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea) MSC labelled Norwegian line caught haddock is available in store. certified/north-east-atlantic/barents-sea-cod-haddock-and-saithe/ Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus MSC labelled Scottish haddock is available in store. certified/north-east-atlantic/sfsag-north-sea-haddock-fishery/sfsag-north-sea-haddock-fishery

5 Hake Merluccuis paradoxus, Merluccius capensis South Africa FAO 47 (Southeast MSC labelled South African hake is available in store. certified/south-atlantic-indian-ocean/south-africa-hake-trawl-fishery/south-african-hake-trawl-fishery Herring Clupea harengus Denmark Herring swim in big shoals with little mixing of other species. They are caught by purse seiners or midwater trawlers which generate very little bycatch. Herring Clupea harengus, VI (West of, Rockall) MSC labelled Scottish Kippers are available in store. certified/north-east-atlantic/spsg-north-sea-herring Japanese Flying Squid Todarodes pacificus China FAO 61 East & Yellow Sea This species is one of the most heavily exploited squid species in the world but there is lack of collaborative fishery management in the region to regulate the fishery. Owing to the short lifespan (12 months) of the species, highly erratic recruitment and wide fluctuations of abundance, the status of stocks in these regions is currently unknown and extremely unpredictable. Mid-water trawl has no impact to the seabed. M&S is working with wider stakeholders to encourage the development of a FIP to improve the sustainability of squid fishing in China. Placopecten magellanicus MSC labelled scallops are available in store. certified/north-west-atlantic/eastern--offshore-scallop/eastern--offshore-scallopfishery King Scallop King Scallop Pecten maximus ICES VI (West of ) Minimum landing size is applied to the harvest of the scallop but there is no catch quota for the fishery. Dredging will create negative impacts to the sea bed habitat, particularly for the areas that are frequently used. The management system currently is considered as marginally effective. M&S is working with stakeholders on a FIP to improve the sustainability of king scallop fishing. More information is available at: Langoustine Nephrops norvegicus, VI (West of, Rockall) Overall, the stock status is assumed to be fully fished. Scientific advice from ICES is that the nephrops stocks should be managed at an Function Unit level, not the ICES fishing area level, However, this advice has been continuously disregarded by the management authorities. The fishing method of otter trawl has negative impact on the sea bed. Owing to this, the management is only partially effective. Lemon Sole Microstomus kitt Iceland ICES Va (Iceland ) No stock assessment and reference points have been defined but landing data indicate stable abundances in recent years. The species is taken as bycatch in the mixed Danish seine and otter trawl fisheries. Potential incidental caught listed elasmobranchs such as common skate remains a concern. A management system is in place, which is largely effective, but currently lacks an ecosystem-based management approach.

6 Lemon Sole Microstomus kitt Netherlands, VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea) This is a stock for which there is no quantitative, analytic assessment available, but for which surveys or other relative abundance or biomass indices are available that provide indications of trends in total mortality, recruitment and abundance or biomass. The species is generally caught as a bycatch of other demersal fisheries such as plaice and sole fisheries. Detailed discard rates and their composition are unknown. Since this species is a non quota species, only some general management measures are in place for this species. M&S is working with wider stakeholders to encourage the development of a FIP to improve the sustainability of lemon sole fishing. Lemon Sole Microstomus kitt, VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea) This is a stock for which there is no quantitative, analytic assessment available, but for which surveys or other relative abundance or biomass indices are available that provide indications of trends in total mortality, recruitment and abundance or biomass. The species is generally caught as a bycatch of other demersal fisheries such as plaice and sole fisheries. Detailed discard rates and their composition are unknown. Since this species is a non quota species, only some general management measures are in place for this species. M&S is working with stakeholders on a FIP to improve the sustainability of lemon sole fishing. More information is available at: Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus Greenland Mackerel Scomber scombrus Denmark Mackerel Scomber scombrus, VI (West of, Rockall) Monkfish Lophius piscatorius Due to decreasing effort and increasing spawning stock biomass, the current fishing rate does not have negative impact on the stock. The bottom trawling (both otter and beam) induced adverse impacts to the sea bed and benthic communities. There was an improvement on the discards on the beam trawling. M&S is working with stakeholders on a FIP to improve the sustainability of monkfish fishing. More information is available at: Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Alaska, US Pleuronectes platessa Iceland ICES Va (Iceland ) In Full Stock level is likely well below historical abundance but recently it shows an increasing trend. Discarding is prohibited in Icelandic waters but reference points have not been defined and Harvest Control Rules have not been established for the Icelandic plaice fishery. Plaice

7 Plaice Pleuronectes platessa Netherlands The stock has increased in the past ten years and discards ratio has been slightly decreasing since Demersal trawling may be destructive to particular benthic habitats and Danish seine has relatively less impact to the sea bed. The fishery management system is considered as partially effective in managing the fishery. M&S is working with wider stakeholders to encourage the development of a FIP to improve the sustainability of plaice fishing in the North Sea. Plaice Pleuronectes platessa Netherlands ICES VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea) Plaice in the Channels is generally caught as a bycatch by the directed sole fishery. Discarding is assumed to be variable but low compared to other plaice stocks. Demersal trawling may be destructive to particular benthic habitats and Danish seine has relatively less impact to the sea bed. The fishery management system is considered as partial effective in managing the fishery. Plaice Pleuronectes platessa The stock has increased in the past ten years and discards ratio has been slightly decreasing since Demersal trawling may be destructive to particular benthic habitats and Danish seine has relatively less impact to the sea bed. The fishery management system is considered as partially effective in managing the fishery. M&S is working with stakeholders on a FIP to improve the sustainability of plaice fishing. More information is available at: Plaice Pleuronectes platessa ICES VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea) Plaice in the Channels is generally caught as a bycatch by the directed sole fishery. Discarding is assumed to be variable but low compared to other plaice stocks. Demersal trawling may be destructive to particular benthic habitats and Danish seine has relatively less impact to the sea bed. The fishery management system is considered as partially effective in managing the fishery. M&S is working with stakeholders on a FIP to improve the sustainability of plaice fishing. More information is available at: Sardines Sardina pilchardus Portugal ICES VII (English Celtic Sea, Irish Sea), IX (Portuguese Waters) Due to stock collapse the fishery is partly closed in Portugal in January and February The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) advice for 2017 is a total allowable catch (TAC) of 23,000 tonnes. Purse seines used do not pose an impact to the benthic habitats. A management plan has been developed by Spain and Portugal and is considered by ICES as provisionally precautionary. The management of this sardine fishery is considered as partly effective. Sea Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon Madagascar FAO 51 (Western Indian) To improve the sustainability performance of the fishery, a FIP has been established in Key stakeholders include Marine Resources and Fisheries Ministry (MRHP), the Ministry of Environment, Ecology, Sea and Forests, Madagascar Shrimp Farming and Fishing Industry Association (GAPCM) and WWF. M&S also support the development and implementation of this FIP. More information on the FIP: Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Brazil FAO 41 (Southwest M&S commit to only source tuna from line caught fisheries and skipjack from Brazil are caught by pole & line. Pole & line fishing has low risk of incidental catch of threatened species such as sharks, turtles, seabirds and marine mammals. Key issue for this fishery is that there is a lack of regional agreement on the management of the fishing activities such as harvest control rule (HCR) and Harvest Strategy. MSC labelled Maldivian Skipjack Tuna is available in store. M&S commit to only source tuna from line caught fisheries and skipjack from the Maldives are caught by pole & line. Pole & line fishing has low risk of incidental catch of threatened species such as sharks, turtles, seabirds and marine mammals. More information on the fishery in MSC: Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Maldives FAO 51 (Western Indian)

8 Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Alaska, US Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka British Colombia, Sprat Spratus spratus Poland ICES III (Baltic Sea) Sustainable Practices Applied Sprats swim in big shoals with little mixing of other species. They are caught by purse seiners or midwater trawlers which generate very little bycatch. Swordtip Squid Uroteuthis edulis Vietnam FAO 71 (Westernal Central South Sea Stock status is unknown because the developments of squid stocks are strongly linked to climate variation. There is a lack of an effective fishery management to regulate the fishery. Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares Indonesia FAO 71 (Westernal Central Sustainable Practices Applied Currently no overfishing of yellowfin tuna is occurring. Municipal management by Indonesia in combination with regional management by Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) is only marginally effective. Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares Maldives FAO 51 (Western Indian) The fishery's certificate has been suspended due to concerns over stock level of yellowfin tuna in Indian Ocean. M&S work with other partners to advocate for conservation measures in the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) to rebuild the yellowfin tuna stock. Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares Republic of Korea FAO 51, 57 (Eastern and Western Indian) International waters The stock of species is likely to be overfished according to a 2015 assessment. Longline fishery for tuna takes very large amounts of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered species as bycatch, most notably sharks. Currently there is no harvest strategy or rules to control the fishing of this species to ensure long term sustainability of the fishery. Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares Republic of Korea FAO 71, 77 (Eastern and Western Central International waters Currently no overfishing of yellowfin tuna is occurring in the region. Longline fishery for tuna takes very large amounts of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered species as bycatch, most notably sharks. Currently there is no harvest strategy or rules to control the fishing of this species to ensure long term sustainability of the fishery.

9 Fishing Method List Description Beam trawl Beam trawls are cone shaped nets towed behind fishing vessels along the seabed. The net is held open by a steel beam which is held just off the bottom by shoes which slide over the seabed. Bottom or Pelagic Longline Longlining involves setting out a long line (the main line), with short lengths of line (or snoods), carrying baited hooks at intervals of about 10 metres. Longlines can be set at the bottom to catch demersal species such as cod and haddock, or in the water column, targeting pelagic species such as tuna and swordfish. Some longlines can be many miles long, with thousands of hooks along their length. Danish / Scottish seine Dredge Gill net Handline Jigging Midwater / Pelagic trawl Otter trawl Pole and line Pot / Creel Purse seine Troll A Danish / Scottish seine is similar to a purse seine, however the wall of netting incorporates a cod-end at its centre. When setting a Danish seine, one end of the net is anchored and buoyed, whilst the fishing boat drives around the school of fish in a circle, paying out the net until it reaches the buoyed end again. The net is then hauled in and the fish are captured. This is a bottom fishing method and is used to harvest demersal species such as cod, haddock and flatfish. Fish caught in this way are usually of a very high quality because they do not spend much time being dragged along in the cod-end. A dredge is a metal framed basket which is towed along the seabed behind a fishing vessel. In mechanical dredging, the lower edge of the frame has a raking bar which lifts the targeted species off the seabed, where they then pass back into the metal basket. The number of dredges can vary depending on the size of the vessel and the depth of water sometimes there may be 10 or more dredges towed from each side of a fishing boat. Hydraulic dredges use jets of water or air to disturb the ground in front of the dredge. Sometimes a pump is used to suck bottom sediments on board the vessel, where the targeted species is screened out and the unwanted sediment is discharged back into the sea. Dredges are used to harvest bivalve molluscs such as clams and scallops from the seabed. Gill nets consist of a wall of netting which may be set on the seabed, at the surface or at any depth of water in-between. Since the mesh size varies depending on the size of the fish being targeted, when the appropriate mesh size is used, gill net fishing can be selective as it works by snagging fish by their gills as they attempt to swim through wall of netting. Small, undersized fish are able to swim through unharmed, and large fish are unable to penetrate the net sufficiently to become entangled. Handlining is one of the oldest forms of fishing and consists of a single line, with one or more baited hooks. Handlines may be deployed from stationary or moving boats. Fish are caught on the hooks when they try to take the bait. The line is hauled in, either by hand or using a hydraulic winch and the fish are removed from the hooks. Handlining is probably one of the least impact fishing methods as it is highly selective, has little discard and targets mainly adult and sub adult fish. The gear has no damaging impact to the sea floor and is unlikely to cause ecosystem shifts. Handlining is a highly selective fishing method in terms of species and size. Handlines are used to catch demersal species, such as cod and pelagic species such as mackerel and tuna. Jigging is a method of fishing that uses a jig to attract fish. A jig is a type of lure with a lead weight, a hook and a soft body which is often brightly coloured and can resemble an insect, frog, fish, lizard, or any number of animals. Once in the water, the jig can be manually or mechanically jerked, to attract fish and cause it to get snagged on the hook. Jigging is most common method used to catch squid. A pelagic trawl consists of a cone shaped net that is towed behind a fishing vessel in the water column, between the seabed and the surface, or mid-water. Pelagic trawls target fish that swim in the water column, such as mackerel, herring and anchovies. The nets are larger than those of beam and otter trawls and they need a wide mouth opening to catch big shoals of fish. Like in otter trawling, otter boards are used to hold the mouth of the net open. In mid-water pair trawling, the otter boards are removed and the net is towed between two vessels, holding the mouth open. Otter trawls are cone shaped nets towed behind fishing vessels just above the seabed. Their name derives from the large otter boards, which are attached to the warps on either side of the net. As the trawl is towed through the water, the otter boards kite the sides of the net apart to prevent the mouth of the net from closing. Fish are herded between the otter boards, into the mouth of the net. As the trawl is towed through the water, the fish slowly drift back, through the funnel of the net and into the cod-end where they are retained. The mesh size of the cod end determines the size of fish that are caught. Pole and line fishing is used to catch naturally schooling fish such as skipjack tuna. Live bait, such as anchovies or sardines, is thrown overboard, where it encourages the target species to school close to the fishing boat. The target species are then hooked using poles and lines with barbless hooks at the end, and pulled on board the fishing boat. Pots or creels are small baited traps which are deployed by fishing vessels and marked by a buoy on the surface so that they can be located and picked up later on. The trap can be made of a wooden frame with a rope mesh, or, more commonly, plastic coated wire with nylon netting. Potting is a very selective method of fishing because the catch is brought up alive and sorted immediately, so unwanted animals can be returned to the sea. This type of fishing is most commonly used in crustacean fisheries, but they are also used to catch certain fish species and molluscs. Purse seines are large walls of net with weights along the bottom edge and floats along the top. These huge nets are deployed from fishing boats and encircle schools of fish. The net is then drawn together or pursed underneath the fish so that they are completely surrounded. This method of fishing usually targets pelagic fish species such as mackerel and sardines. Purse seining is so efficient that often the net is too heavy to drag on board so the fish are scooped or pumped onto the vessel. These are basic lines that are towed behind a boat, close to the surface or at a set depth to suit the target species. Each line will have one or more hooks with a natural bait, or what is more common, an artificial lure. Trolling can be used by small open boats using one or tow lines, while many of the larger vessels will be fitted with lightweight out-rigger style booms to enable them to tow multiple lines behind one vessel. These are rigged in such a way to allow each line to be hauled individually when a fish is caught.

10 WWF In Full Sustainable Practices Applied Description A fishery is categorised as certified when it has met the requirements of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sustainability standard. M&S uses the MSC ecolabel wherever practical however not all products containing certified seafood are labelled. More information on MSC is available at This category refers to where a species has been sourced from a fishery that has made a public commitment to achieve independent third party MSC certification. More information on MSC is available at This category refers to a where a species has been sourced from a fishery which is working in partnership with M&S, our suppliers and other stakeholders to improve the sustainability performance of the fishery through a Project that aligns with WWF or MSC requirements to ensure credibility and demonstrable outcomes. This category refers to where the species has been assessed by WWF through a risk based sustainability assessment to confirm that sustainable practices are in place to minimise the impact of the fishery. This category refers to where the species has been assessed by WWF through a risk based sustainability assessment and is considered that improvement is required for the fishery to minimise its impacts. M&S & WWF Sustainable Seafood Charter: As part of M&S Plan A and WWF s Seafood Charter, M&S and WWF have been working together since 2010 to promote and ensure responsible sourcing of sustainable seafood at M&S. WWF assesses and advises M&S on the environmental sustainability of its seafood. Together we identify and develop projects for M&S wild and farmed fish to assist fisheries and farms to meet the highest seafood environmental standards. Disclaimer: Species and fisheries sourcing information disclosed covers the period 1 April 2016 to 31 March We will review and update the information within this disclosure as appropriate on an annual basis. Situations may arise during the year where we may need to deviate from what is presented within this disclosure (e.g. a change to the availability of certain species) or we may decide to introduce new species into our offer. We have strict protocols in place to manage this eventuality and all species are sourced in accordance with our standards. Find out more about our approach to sourcing fish and shellfish