The. Main Story by Cabell Davies PHD. Photography by

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The. Main Story by Cabell Davies PHD. Photography by"

Transcription

1 Dr i f te r s... The Main Story by Cabell Davies PHD Photography by Russ Hopcroft PhD

2 There are more animals in the sea than on land many times more. The dominant forces behind all life on earth are the tiny, minute beings that drift across the vast expanse of the ocean. he term Plankton, for microscopic, infinitesimal animals, first coined in 1887 by Victor Henson at the University of Kiel, Germany, is derived from the Greek word planktos, meaning drifter. Most offspring of marine animals in larvae form do not resemble their parents such as tarpon, bonefish, and eels. However there are some that are simply miniatures Most offspring of marine animals in larvae form do not resemble their parents such as tarpon, bonefish, and eels. However there are some that are simply miniatures of their parents like the octopus, squids and anemone. of their parents like the octopus, squids and anemone. Plankton has evolved an extremely diverse range of body shapes and sizes in their attempt to adapt to the pelagic marine environment. Often wildly elaborated body forms of plankton are reminiscent of creatures from George Lucas s Star Wars series. George must have been deeply inspired by the ocean. Valdviellia insignis is a deep-sea predatory copepod. It attacks prey with Edward scissor-hands like mouthparts which are visible in this image. Her two large purple eggs are also visible. Size 11mm. (Front page) Atlanta peroni is a heteropod, one of the pelagic snails. It swims by rowing the 2 lobes of its foot, while using its well-developed eyes to search for other pelagic snails on which it feeds. Size 1cm. Euchaeta marina is a common shallow-water predatory copepod in tropical waters. This female carries a clutch of several dozen bright blue eggs. Size 3-4 mm. 24 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

3 While the many familiar marine animals Copepods have evolved to be the fastest have larval stages, these species are not the animals on earth relative to body size. dominant members of the zooplankton. Using a high-speed video microscope, In fact, the vast majority of zooplankton copepods have been clocked at 500 body spend their entire lives as holoplankton lengths per second. By comparison, an and they are unfamiliar to the average folk. F-16 fighter jet flies at best 50 body lengths Important groups of holoplankton, are per second. In that perspective, the cheetah the copepods that are the most numerous cannot be the fastest animal on earth! If a The amphipod Phronema has hollowed out a zooplankter called a salp into which she will lay her eggs. She will then swim this living nursery around until her babies are large enough to leave home. Size up to 3 cm Copepods thrive in the world s ocean and freshwater environments, with an estimated global population of one quintillion (10 18 ). That s a half-billion copepods for every person on earth! animals on earth 1, yet most of us have no clue of their existence. Copepods are small crustaceans ranging in size as adults from about ½ mm up to 10 mm ( see picture of Valdvielia and Euchaeta). Copepods thrive in the world s ocean and freshwater environments, with an estimated global population of one quintillion (10 18 ). That s a half-billion copepods for every person on earth! Copepods are a primary sustenance for many larger plankton, adult fish, and whales. As they are near the bottom of the food chain, evading predators is a necessity. copepod is transformed in ratio to the size of a cheetah, in comparison, the cheetah would run at 70 miles per hour (112 km/h) at its top speed, and the copepod would zoom past at 2,000 miles per hour (3219 km/h) through water which is 800 times denser than air. This mesmerizing feat is achieved by the copepods when they transform their bodies from a typical T feeding posture, with their antennules spread wide (as illustrated in picture of Valdvielia and Euchaeta), into a torpedo shape with the antennules laying alongside the body while the swimming legs propel the animal forward with blinding speed. 1 with the possible exception of roundworms The amphipod Mimonectes sphaericus (formerly necto amphipod) is a commensal on deep-sea jellyfish and their kin. The large knife-like antennae indicate this is a male. Size 3 mm. Basin circulation: It reflects the connection between the surface and deep water flow, in the global Ocean-conveyer belt that takes between 600 and 1600 years to complete. 26 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

4 Pelagobia longicirrata is a pelagic Polychaete worm, from the deep Arctic Ocean; the orange color comes from oil drops stored in the body. Size 5 mm. This green polychaete worm has left the seafloor to lay her clutch of pink eggs in the plankton. Size 4-5 mm. Alacia valdiviae is a deepwater Ostracod or clamshrimp, a small crustacean protected by two clam-like shells. They are important scavengers in the deep-sea. Size 4-5 mm. 28 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

5 The sea-angel Clione limacina is a predatory pteropod, another shell-less pelagic snail that flies through the water with it s tow wings, hunting for other snails to eat. Size up to 3 cm. There are many other groups of holoplankton with equally fascinating life histories and behaviors. An example includes the amphipods (Phronema and Necto amphipod), which are voracious predators of copepods. The amphipod Phronema with large compound eyes and scythe-like appendages is actually a crustacean that breeds it young inside a salp, Carinaria lemarcki is another species of heteropod (pelagic snail), but unlike Atlanta it is no longer able to fit inside its shell. The end of the snout is equipped with strong hook-like teeth used or extracts other snails from their shells. Size 3-4 cm. The amphipod Phronema with large compound eyes and scythe-like appendages is actually a crustacean that breeds it young inside a salp, a jelly like animal. a jelly like animal. It t has to kill the salp first, and then move in and use its jellish body as nest to breed. Another interesting crustacean group is the Ostracods (Alacia valdiviae) which are active swimmers and have a clam-like shell for protection. Many of the deep-dwelling zooplankton, like that of Ostracods are red, which make them nearly invisible at depth as the red is readily absorbed by seawater. By contrast, species that live near the surface in tropical regions are often blue, matching the colour of the ocean s surface. Marine worms called Polychaetes, (Green Ploy, Pelagobia longicirrata), equipped with rows of swimming appendages for rapid movement are also the copepods predators. 30 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

6 The shelled pteropod Diacria trispinosa feeds by secreting a bubble of mucus from its large fleshy wings. As it sinks from the weight of the shell, food gets stuck to the bubble, then both the bubble and the attached food are eaten. It then uses the wings to swim back to shallower water and start the process over again. Size up to 2 cm. The Pteropods are marine snails that have adapted to life in the ocean by using a foot to swim swiftly through the water column. Some pteropods have little or no shell and they are slug-like predators (Carinaria and Clione) of the shelled Pteropods (Limacina, Janthina, Diacria, and Atlanta). The pelagic nudibranch, Phylliroe atlantica, has a larval stage that burrows into a jellyfish, eats it from the inside out, and becomes a free-living adult. Larger plankton includes various kinds of shrimp, which feed on Phytoplankton (plants plankton) as well as on smaller zoo- plankton such as the Eusirus. Jellyfish, which can grow up be up to a meter in The pelagic nudibranch, Phylliroe atlantica, has a larval stage that burrows into a jellyfish, eats it from the inside out, and becomes a freeliving adult. diameter are considered planktonic since they drift with ocean currents, and there is a wide variety of these important predatory species. Siphonophores (see picture of Abyla duck siph and Hippodius) are colonial animals, related to jellyfish that include the deadly Portuguese Man of War (Physalia utriculus) commonly known as the blue bottles in Australia. Janthina umbilicata is a snail that lives in a unique habit within the ocean called the neuston. It secretes a mat of sticky bubbles that keep it attached to the ocean s surface, where it hunts for jellyfish that live in the same special habitat. Size 6-7 mm. Limacina helicina is a shelled pelagic snail common in temperate through polar waters. They are sometimes observed to gather together into swarms. Size up to 1 cm. 32 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

7 The pelagic snail Phylliroe atlantica begins life as a parasite within jellyfish, but as it grows, it becomes a predator on them. It swims using its flattened tail. Size up to 4 cm. The diversity of zooplankton is enormous, comprising of species from all animal phylum. Zooplankton includes most of the nearly half-million non-insect animal species on earth. In addition to its diversity, the shear mass of zooplankton in the ocean is of colossal proportions; if all the zooplanktons were sieved from the sea and spread across the USA, Australia and China, the resulting layer would be meters deep and the vast majority will be copepods. These ocean drifters impact not only upon the yield of global fisheries but more importantly the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. This huge mass of zooplankton turns over several times per year through birth, growth and death. Zooplankton, together with the even larger masses of bacterioplankton, protozoa, and phytoplankton, are at the base of the ocean s food web. These ocean drifters impact not only upon the yield of global fisheries but more importantly the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. Hippopodius hippopus is a colonial Siphonophore, closely related to jellyfish. The swimming bells along the side of the colony move it around, while the orange and yellow tentacles are normally stretched out trying to capture other zooplankton as prey. Size up to 2 cm. Abyla sp. is a deep-sea Siphonophore, closely related to jellyfish. This is a colony of two individuals, that swim by pumping water, and capture food like a long-line fisherman. Size 30mm. As the majority of marine species do not provide parental care for their young, the ocean becomes an organic soup nourishing the eggs and larvae of sea animals. However the sea does not always provide sufficient food, and the young animals suffer great losses to a variety of predators. To compensate, marine species generally lay large masses of eggs. The numbers reaching adulthood can vary by a factor of hundreds from one generation to the next, greatly affecting the adult population size. The factor affecting survivorship from egg to adult, or recruitment in scientific terms, remains poorly understood and is the subject of intensive study. 34 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

8 Planktons are passive drifters where their distribution is affected by oceanic circulation. Biological and physical oceanographers are working together to unravel the underlying mechanisms controlling zooplankton diversity and distributions. A combination of traditional sampling methods, using plankton nets This baby octopus spends its early life hunting in the plankton, soon it will move to the seafloor beginning the cryptic life-style of the adult. Some of the color-changing cells are already visible. Size 1 cm. The multi-net is a modern collecting tool for zooplankton. It allows us to electronically open and close nets at different depths within the ocean to determine where different species live and how many of them are found at each depth. It operates down to 6000m depth. The vast array of animal life in the ocean is truly remarkable to behold, and it is incumbent upon us to understand and preserve this vital component of our planet. and new high tech DNA methods and digital imaging tools such as a VPR (video plankton recorder) are shedding new light on zooplankton diversity and how they are affected by natural environmental factors and human impact. These new tools allow for automated measurement and development of ocean observing systems, which, together with computer models of plankton biology and ocean circulation, pave the way for a new era in understanding and predicting how marine life is impacted by pollution, over-harvesting, and climate change. The vast array of animal life in the ocean is truly remarkable to behold, and it is incumbent upon us to understand and preserve this vital component of our planet. The arctic amphipod Eusirus holmii uses its praying-mantis like clams to capture prey. They have been observed attached to sea ice, on the deep-sea floor and swimming in between the 2 habitats. Size up to 3 cm. This baby sea-anemone has spent its early life feeding on zooplankton. Soon it will settle to the seafloor to begin the remainder of its life. Size 2-3 mm. 36 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

9 Ca r ptu i ng Drifters... Russ Hopcroft PhD ith a bit of thought, one then thinks of the animals that crawl or are anchored to the seafloor, such as corals and the massive reef structure that they build. A far more important part of ocean exists hidden from your perspective, the realm of the zooplankton small drifting animals found throughout the world s oceans. Zooplankton are the primary conduits between the tiny floating algae that capture the sun s energy and the larger animals such as fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Everyone knows at least one type of zooplankton, the jellyfish. Although j e l l y f i s h a r e sometimes meters in length, like all zooplankton they Everyone knows at least one type of zooplankton, the jellyfish. Although jellyfish are sometimes meters in length, like all zooplankton they have little control over where they are carried by the ocean s currents. have little control over where they are carried by the ocean s currents. Most zooplankton are smaller, and many are just specks to the naked eye. This small size is unfortunate, because within the zooplankton there is an incredible range of life. (Left) The pelagic polychaete worm Tomopterus (formerly Pl1) is a predator on other soft-bodied zooplankton. It swims using the flattened paddles along the side of its body called parapodia. Size usually up to 4-5 cm, but some species can exceed 1 m. (Top) Branchiostoma (old name was Amphioxus) larvae are filter-feeders with many of the characteristics of the most primitive vertebrates (hagfish and lampreys). Size 2 cm. The ways they go about their lives, hunt for, capture, and ingest their food are frequently unimaginable. I often believe the inspiration for many of the creatures in science fiction movies come from animals that live within the plankton. F o r t h e m o s t part, zooplankton a re t r a n s l u c e n t creatures. Many are vividly pigmented, appearing as bizarre as they are beautiful. There are currently about 7000 recognized species of full-time zooplankton, and an even greater number that live in the plankton only for the early part of their lives before moving to the seafloor. Nonetheless, the range of body design is extreme: some have hard shells, while others are literally bags of water. Some are peaceful grazers while others are viscous predators. The ways they go about their lives, hunt for, capture, and ingest their food are frequently unimaginable. I often believe the inspiration for many of the creatures in science fiction movies come from animals that live within the plankton. Sadly, these animals are easy damaged by the process of collection, and both their unique transparency and rich colors cannot be maintained for long. The only way to appreciate the wonder of these animals is to see them alive, either directly in the water diving, through electronic eyes on underwater robots, or immediately after they are collected with specialized nets. For several years, I have been working to share my fascination of zooplankton with people by capturing them as digital images. Through projects within the Census of Marine Life, I ve been fortunate to participate 38 The Drifters... OCEAN GEOGRAPHIC 5:3/

10 About the authors Cabell Davis PHD Ocean Geographic Oceanographer in Residence Dr Davis is a Senior Scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and is the Director of WHOI s Ocean Life Institute with over 30 years experience in plankton ecology. He has conducted research on 50 oceanographic cruises and co-developed the Video Plankton Recorder, an underwater video microscope with automatic imaging of high-resolution fragile plankton data. He recently worked with MIT engineers to develop a small underwater digital holographic camera for imaging plankton. He is now modeling the impact of climate change on the fisheries ecosystem. His current interests are in developing, modeling and observing systems in support of ecosystem approaches to managing ocean resources. The leptocephalus larvae of moray eels are ribbon-like and completely transparent, with only tiny heads. Size up to 15 cm. on research cruises scattered around the globe, from the tropics to both poles. I ve collected from the ocean s surface waters to depths of several kilometers. What started out as an activity during my spare time on cruises can become a full-time activity, either hunting for larger zooplankton with ROVs (remotely operated vehicles) or sifting through net samples to find healthy undamaged subjects. Expert coworkers help me identify animals when they are unfamiliar. I then spend hours trying to capture the perfect picture, of a moving animal, on a moving ship. It s a challenge, but I hope you agree, it s worth the effort. *all photography by Russ Hopcroft Russ Hopcroft PHD Associate Professor Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Dr. Russ Hopcroft is an Associate Professor at the University of Alaska s Institute of Marine Science in Fairbanks. He grew up fascinated by aquatic life (and Jacques Cousteau specials), pursuing the sciences during his education. Dr. Hopcroft received his Masters degree in 1988, and his Ph.D. in 1997 from the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The focus of his graduate research was on marine plankton ecology in the tropical waters surrounding Jamaica, West Indies. From 1997 to 1999, he was a Post-doctoral Fellow at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). At MBARI he was heavily involved in the use of ROVs, as well as traditional oceanographic surveys, to study the oceans. Dr. Hopcroft pursues a broad array of research interests, concentrating on the composition, production and energy flow of the planktonic trophic levels that ultimately shape the structure of all marine communities. Since joining UAF in 2000, most of his research focuses on copepod and euphausiid crustaceans in Alaskan waters. He also specializes on the taxonomy, biology and ecology of the tadpole-like pelagic tunicates, and most recently the pelagic snails. He serves on the steering committee of several Census of Marine Life projects: the Arctic Ocean Biodiversity (ArcOD) project, the Census of Antarctic marine Life (CAML), and the global Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ). He is increasingly recognized for his images of live zooplankton that are widely distributed in the media and on the web. He is an active contributor to ongoing global efforts to molecular barcode all zooplankton species. Visit his web site, and sfos.uaf.edu/research/arcdiv/index.html 40 The Drifters...

The Pelagic Zone.! The open ocean is called the pelagic zone.!

The Pelagic Zone.! The open ocean is called the pelagic zone.! The Open Ocean The Pelagic Zone! The open ocean is called the pelagic zone.! Epipelagic! We will focus on the top 200 m or 650 feet called the epipelagic zone.!! The photic zone is to a depth where light

More information

SALINITY. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains.

SALINITY. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SALINITY The types of organisms in an aquatic ecosystem depend upon the water s Salinity. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains. Salinity determines the two main aquatic

More information

Marine Ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Section 2

Marine Ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems are located mainly in coastal areas and in the open ocean. Organisms that live in coastal areas adapt to changes in water level and salinity. Organisms that live in

More information

Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids

Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Lesson Objectives Describe invertebrates in the phylum Mollusca. Summarize the characteristics of annelids. Vocabulary Annelida deposit feeder gills heart mantle Mollusca

More information

ZOOPLANKTON. Zooplankton: 2. Crustaceans Copepods. Diverse -- protozoans and others

ZOOPLANKTON. Zooplankton: 2. Crustaceans Copepods. Diverse -- protozoans and others ZOOPLANKTON Diverse -- protozoans and others Nutrition modes: Herbivores (graze on phytoplankton) Carnivores (predators) Radiolaria Foraminifera Zooplankton: 1. Protozoans: Foraminifera and Radiolarians

More information

Mollusc Adaptation and Diversity

Mollusc Adaptation and Diversity Mollusc Adaptation and Diversity Grade Level: grades 9-12 Lesson Summary: Students will examine a variety of live and preserved molluscs. They will compare and contrast body forms and try to relate the

More information

Lake Habitat. Cachuma Lake DISCOVERY BOOK Cachuma Lake Discovery Book V1, Santa Barbara County Parks

Lake Habitat. Cachuma Lake DISCOVERY BOOK Cachuma Lake Discovery Book V1, Santa Barbara County Parks Habitat Cachuma DISCOVERY BOOK 3.0 Habitat From land, a lake looks like one big pool. Under the surface of the water, lakes can have different habitats, just as the land does. We say that the lake is heterogeneous,

More information

Chapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone

Chapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone Molluscs Characteristics of Phylum: More than 200,000 species Name means "soft body" Basic body plan head, muscular foot and visceral mass in most species Mantle-

More information

Marine predators and prey

Marine predators and prey Science Unit: Lesson 5: Beluga Whale Marine predators and prey School Year: 2015/2016 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Notes: Champlain Heights Annex, Vancouver School District

More information

Barnacles attach to hard surfaces and use their legs to catch tiny particles of food, including plankton from the water around them.

Barnacles attach to hard surfaces and use their legs to catch tiny particles of food, including plankton from the water around them. Food Web Resources - Food Chain Cards Barnacles attach to hard surfaces and use their legs to catch tiny particles of food, including plankton from the water around them Barnacle Edible crabs use their

More information

NAME DATE CENTER VISITED

NAME DATE CENTER VISITED NAME DATE CENTER VISITED SEA LIFE MIX N MATCH Check out the profile cards below each one shows a creature you ll see on your SEA LIFE centre visit. How much do you know about them? See if you can match

More information

PHYLUM: PLATHYHELMINTHES

PHYLUM: PLATHYHELMINTHES PHYLUM: PLATHYHELMINTHES FLATWORMS Free living (living independently i.e. not attached) Bilaterally symmetrical with a definite front and back, and with left and right sides. Mobile creeping animals. Concentration

More information

Monterey Bay Aquarium Fieldtrip Worksheet

Monterey Bay Aquarium Fieldtrip Worksheet Attach ticket stub here. Name: Class: B11 or B3A Lab day & time: Monterey Bay Aquarium Fieldtrip Worksheet General Information Address: 886 Cannery Row Monterey, California 93940 Hours: 10am 6pm (May vary

More information

Build Your Own Zooplankton

Build Your Own Zooplankton Build Your Own Zooplankton Grade Level: This specific lesson is geared towards grades 9-12, but it can be modified for older or younger students. Lesson Summary: Students will use their knowledge of zooplankton

More information

An Unwelcome Newcomer

An Unwelcome Newcomer An Unwelcome Newcomer An Unwelcome Newcomer This article is provided courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History. million eggs each year. Then Invasion of the Zebra Mussels the young mussels float

More information

Part 4: Ocean Life Zones

Part 4: Ocean Life Zones Part 4: Ocean Life Zones 1 Factors that Affect Life in the Ocean 1. Amount of sunlight 2. Temperature of the water 3. Water pressure How does depth affect each of these? Where would you expect to find

More information

Dinner Dilemma [Grades 3-5]

Dinner Dilemma [Grades 3-5] Dinner Dilemma [Grades 3-5] Georgia Standards of Excellence Addressed: S4L1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the roles of organisms and the flow of energy within an ecosystem. a. Develop

More information

Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities

Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Water covers nearly ¾ of the Earth s surface More than 50% of the world s population lives within an hour of the coast Oceans

More information

Have You Wondered? College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University

Have You Wondered? College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University Have You Wondered? 1. What role sponges play in marine ecosystems? 2. Why some animals are radially symmetrical? 3. If all gelatinous animals are jellyfishes? 4. What flatworms are? 5. What a lophophorate

More information

In the Belly of the Whale

In the Belly of the Whale Timeframe 1-2 Fifty minute class periods Target Audience Grades 4th- 6th Suggested Materials Comb Small sieve Straws Small plastic beads, rice, black pepper Container for water (3 stations for each group)

More information

Chapter 6: Small Marine Animals Zooplankton

Chapter 6: Small Marine Animals Zooplankton Chapter 6: Small Marine Animals Zooplankton DO NOW: What is an animal?(p141) 1. What is an animal? (Uni/multicellular? Auto/heterotrophic?) 2. How many species of animals are there on Earth? 3. How many

More information

Ocean Series Coral Reefs

Ocean Series Coral Reefs Ocean Series Coral Reefs Coral is part of the animal kingdom, a member of the scientific phylum Cnidaria along with other marine creatures including sea jellies. Sea jellies have a soft gelatinous body

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND - Creatures of the Deep Sea FOR SEA Institute of Marine Science 2001 J. A. Kolb

TEACHER BACKGROUND - Creatures of the Deep Sea FOR SEA Institute of Marine Science 2001 J. A. Kolb Pacific Viperfish The Pacific viperfish feeds on lanternfish and squid. It has a very large mouth and fang-like teeth. Once the viperfish catches something, it won't get away. Its size ranges from 22-30

More information

Seventh Grade. Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet. Name: Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life.

Seventh Grade. Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet. Name: Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life. Name: Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet Seventh Grade Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life. Based on benchmarks SC.6.3.1, SC. 7.3.1, SC. 7.3.2, SC. 7.5.4

More information

Temperature Main thermocline is present in the mesopelagic Relatively constant at the ocean depths, below 1000m About 35 F = 2 C

Temperature Main thermocline is present in the mesopelagic Relatively constant at the ocean depths, below 1000m About 35 F = 2 C Number of species Marine ecosystems 6: Deep Sea Delimited by the photic zone (200m) and the bottom of the ocean Mesopelagic Ocean depths 200-1000m Below 1000m Unique features Lack of primary production

More information

Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp

Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp Crustaceans Phylum: Arthropoda ( jointed feet ) Invertebrate Exoskeleton (made of chitin) protects body and provides a place for muscles to attach to. Segmented body Jointed appendages

More information

The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef Where are the most biologically diverse places on the planet? If I asked you this question, you might guess the Amazon rainforest in Brazil or the jungles

More information

LiMPETS Sandy Beach Monitoring Classroom Presentation - SCRIPT

LiMPETS Sandy Beach Monitoring Classroom Presentation - SCRIPT LiMPETS Sandy Beach Monitoring Classroom Presentation - SCRIPT I m really excited to talk to you about the LiMPETS program for which you guys will participate as marine scientists. LiMPETS stands for Long-Term

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 43. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 43. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 43 2 of 43 What Is a Mollusk? What are the defining features of mollusks? 3 of 43 What Is a Mollusk? What Is a Mollusk? Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external

More information

Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7

Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7 Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7 Teacher Answer Booklet Hi! My name is Seamor. Answer my questions as we go around the aquarium. Front Room 1. What colour are the Crawfish in the front room? Orange/Brown

More information

Point Rating: 3 Size: 10 mm Description: Caddisfly larvae are builders. They make sticky silk from their spit and use it to spin webs for trapping

Point Rating: 3 Size: 10 mm Description: Caddisfly larvae are builders. They make sticky silk from their spit and use it to spin webs for trapping Point Rating: 3 Size: 10 mm Description: Caddisfly larvae are builders. They make sticky silk from their spit and use it to spin webs for trapping other insects. Other species use the silk as glue that

More information

Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7

Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7 Key Stage 1 ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 5-7 Name: Class: Date: Hi! My name is Seamor. Answer my questions as we go around the aquarium. Front Room 1. What colour are the Crawfish in the front room? 2. Draw a line

More information

Phylum Mollusca. Soft-bodied animals. Internal or external shell. Include snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopi

Phylum Mollusca. Soft-bodied animals. Internal or external shell. Include snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopi Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Internal or external shell Include snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopi Trochophore: free-swimming larval stage of an aquatic mollusk True coeloms Have complex organ

More information

The Ocean Geologic Features section introduced you

The Ocean Geologic Features section introduced you Section 5 Ocean Zones Ocean Zones The Ocean Geologic Features section introduced you to the bottom of the ocean the benthic regions, examining sediments, vents, rocky reefs, seamounts and other features

More information

Fantastic Fish. Lesson 10. Leafy Sea Dragon

Fantastic Fish. Lesson 10. Leafy Sea Dragon Fantastic Fish Lesson 10 Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in streams, lakes and oceans. They are abundant in both fresh and salt water. There are over 28,000 known species of fish on the planet.

More information

OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011

OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011 OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011 Last Name First Name Student ID# Answer #1-#42 on the computer-scan sheet ONLY. Use a dark (#2) pencil only, and make marks neatly within the circles. If you change an

More information

Front Room. 1. There are several different types of flatfish in the pier tank. Name two species of flatfish you can see. and

Front Room. 1. There are several different types of flatfish in the pier tank. Name two species of flatfish you can see. and Key Stage 2 Lower ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 7-9 Name: Class: Date: Front Room Welcome to Anglesey Sea Zoo! Hi! My name is Seamor, and in this activity book my friends and I will give you lots of fun facts about

More information

MARINE SCIENCE. Monday 16 Apr 2018

MARINE SCIENCE. Monday 16 Apr 2018 MARINE SCIENCE Monday 16 Apr 2018 Guest Teacher Grab a copy of the How Scientists Classify Marine Life article & question worksheet from the front counter. Using the article Read the information. Answer

More information

Underwater Secrets of a Marine Protected Area. A Lesson Plan for Grades 4 to 8. Power Point Prepared by Susan Miller

Underwater Secrets of a Marine Protected Area. A Lesson Plan for Grades 4 to 8. Power Point Prepared by Susan Miller Underwater Secrets of a Marine Protected Area A Lesson Plan for Grades 4 to 8 Power Point Prepared by Susan Miller Photographs by Jerry Loomis, California State Parks Ranger Josh Pederson, MPA SIMoN Steve

More information

Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware

Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware Zooplankton Migration Patterns at Scotton Landing: Behavioral Adaptations written by Lauren Zodl, University of Delaware Summary: Zooplankton have evolved specific migration patterns that increase their

More information

NAME DATE CENTRE VISITED

NAME DATE CENTRE VISITED NAME DATE CENTRE VISITED SEA LIFE MIX N MATCH Check out the profile cards below each one shows a creature you ll see on your SEA LIFE centre visit. How much do you know about them? See if you can match

More information

INTRODUCTION BRIEF HISTORY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE. 1780's observations under the first microscopes on small animals in droplets of water

INTRODUCTION BRIEF HISTORY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE. 1780's observations under the first microscopes on small animals in droplets of water L1 INTRODUCTION BRIEF HISTORY AND ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE 1780's observations under the first microscopes on small animals in droplets of water Presence of plankton in the water was suspected and presence

More information

Whales. Visit for thousands of books and materials. A Reading A Z Level O Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,106

Whales.  Visit  for thousands of books and materials. A Reading A Z Level O Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,106 LEVELED READER O Written by Vic Moors www.readinga-z.com Whales A Reading A Z Level O Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,106 Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. Written by Vic Moors

More information

8. The Asian Tiger Mosquito

8. The Asian Tiger Mosquito 10. Kudzu Vine Also known as the "mile-a-minute vine" and "the vine that ate the South," the Kudzu vine is native to Japan, but was first brought to the United States in 1876 when it was featured at the

More information

Invasion of the Lionfish

Invasion of the Lionfish READTHEORY Name Date Invasion of the Lionfish The lionfish is one of the most dangerous fish in the Atlantic Ocean. Its body is covered with poisonous spines that can cause a very painful sting if you

More information

Name: ID Number: Section

Name: ID Number: Section Name: ID Number: Section OCN201 - Fall 2009 - Biology - A True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false (1pt each). 1. Zooxanthellae are coral parasites 2. Anemones are Cnidarians 3. Some

More information

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia 7ch11 Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia Animal Characteristics 1. animals are eukaryotes and are multicellular 2. cells are specialized for different functions (vision,digestion,reproduction) 3. protein,

More information

Examples of estuaries include bays, sounds, salt marshes, mangrove forests, mud flats, swamps, inlets, and sloughs.

Examples of estuaries include bays, sounds, salt marshes, mangrove forests, mud flats, swamps, inlets, and sloughs. An estuary is a partially enclosed body of water where incoming seawater is mixed with fresh water coming from the land. Examples of estuaries include bays, sounds, salt marshes, mangrove forests, mud

More information

Sustainable Recreational Fishing Student Activity Workbook 6.2. Sustainable Recreational Fishing

Sustainable Recreational Fishing Student Activity Workbook 6.2. Sustainable Recreational Fishing Sustainable Recreational Fishing! Activity zone 1 - Recreational Fishing Panel Fishing is a popular pastime for more millions Australians each year but is not the only way to enjoy our lakes and coastline.

More information

LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS

LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS LESSON 03: AMAZING POLYPS Summary The Great Barrier Reef stretches for over 2,300km along the eastern coast of Australia, but the creatures that have created this habitat measure just a few millimetres

More information

West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations

West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations VideoMedia Spotlight West African Lungfish A living fossil s biological and behavioral adaptations For the complete video with media resources, visit: http://education.nationalgeographic.org/media/west-african-lungfish/

More information

2 Mollusks and Annelid Worms

2 Mollusks and Annelid Worms CHAPTER 15 2 Mollusks and Annelid Worms SECTION Invertebrates BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the four features of mollusks? What are

More information

Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates

Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates Phylum Mollusca Very diverse - more species of molluscs than any other group in the ocean. Phylum includes: Bivalves (2 shells); ex. Clam Gastropods (1 shell, coiled);

More information

Chloe is a Civil Engineer

Chloe is a Civil Engineer Chloe the Crab Chloe is a Civil Engineer Civil engineers design bridges, roads, skyscrapers and other things you see every day. The tools Chloe uses are: Computer Scale Plans Books Count the Crabs 2 3

More information

Unit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder

Unit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder Unit 19.2: Fish Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in fish. Explain how fish reproduce and develop. Give an overview of the five living classes of fish. Summarize the evolution of fish.

More information

6 Producers and Consumers IN KELP FORESTS or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see

6 Producers and Consumers IN KELP FORESTS or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see 6 Producers and Consumers IN KELP FORESTS or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend to be

More information

Neutrally Buoyant No More

Neutrally Buoyant No More Intended Class: Marine Science Intended Grade Level: 11-12 Neutrally Buoyant No More Time Allotment: Two, 55-minute periods. Day one should be lecture, background information and giving the students time

More information

Over the next few weeks, we will be learning all about the Coral Reef Ecosystems that surround much of the Australian coastline.

Over the next few weeks, we will be learning all about the Coral Reef Ecosystems that surround much of the Australian coastline. Over the next few weeks, we will be learning all about the Coral Reef Ecosystems that surround much of the Australian coastline. You will need to complete the tasks set out below and hand them in at the

More information

Beach. Coastal Fishing

Beach. Coastal Fishing Coastal Discoveries PROGRAM FOR GRADES 6-8 Beach Beach Seine Students explore the high energy surf zone using seine nets to sift and sort organisms. They will learn about functions of producers, consumers,

More information

The Ocean and Fisheries

The Ocean and Fisheries Visualizing Environmental Science The Ocean and Fisheries Chapter 11 Chapter 7 [chapter [chapter opener opener image] Copyright The Global Ocean Patterns of circulation Winds over the ocean produce currents

More information

Origin and Importance! ! Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago.

Origin and Importance! ! Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago. 2/9/14 Origin and Importance Evolution Marine Fish Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago. Fish are the most economically important organism and are a vital source

More information

Ocean That s No Longer Wild

Ocean That s No Longer Wild An Ocean That s No Longer Wild Tagging project aims to help conserve sharks and rays by Lonny Lippsett Like most fathers, Simon Thorrold plays tag with his young daughter. But Thorrold, a biologist at

More information

SAVERS FAST FACTS

SAVERS FAST FACTS ACTIVITY BOOK SAVERS Shark Savers was founded by divers who came to know and love sharks. Their mission is simple: save sharks. Shark Savers programs empower people to make a difference and take a stand

More information

Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life

Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life 2012 Coral Reef Basics and Its Impact on Ocean Life Biology 1010 Professor LynneGilbert-Norton 4/25/2012 Contents Introduction... 2 Coral Explained... 2 Evolution... 3 Eating Habits... 4 Location... 4

More information

Vertical Migration and the Lake Superior Food Chain

Vertical Migration and the Lake Superior Food Chain + Vertical Migration and the Lake Superior Food Chain Grade Level: 3-5 Activity Duration: 45 min 1hr Overview: I. Set Up II. Introduction what s in the lake III. What are you? IV. Lake Superior food chain

More information

Kelp Forest Conservation Food web activity

Kelp Forest Conservation Food web activity Kelp Forest Conservation Food web activity Activity Steps Cut out the kelp forest food web organisms cards. Have students form small groups. Pass out one food web organism and to each group. Using a blank

More information

6 Producers and Consumers

6 Producers and Consumers 6 Producers and Consumers In k e l p f o r e s t s or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend

More information

5/3/15. Vertebrate Evolution Traces a Long and Diverse History. Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold

5/3/15. Vertebrate Evolution Traces a Long and Diverse History. Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold Chordata is the most advanced animal phylum. All chordates have, at some time during development, a notochord. Both invertebrate

More information

CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES

CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES 1. The world ocean can be divided into zones both and. The,, and zones that apply to large lakes also apply to the ocean. 2. In addition to the depth zones,

More information

Oceanic Zone. Open ocean past the continental shelf. Water can be very deep. Nutrients are scarce. Fewer organisms live in this zone

Oceanic Zone. Open ocean past the continental shelf. Water can be very deep. Nutrients are scarce. Fewer organisms live in this zone Oceanic Zone Oceanic Zone Open ocean past the continental shelf Water can be very deep Nutrients are scarce Fewer organisms live in this zone Includes photic and aphotic zones Photic Zone Top 200m of

More information

Sharks. The most shark attacks have been in Australia, South Africa, America and Brazil.

Sharks. The most shark attacks have been in Australia, South Africa, America and Brazil. Sharks There are more than 500 different species of shark, including the great white shark, grey reef shark, hammerhead shark and tiger shark. Where do they live? Sharks can be found in every ocean. Grey

More information

Terms of Use. Copyright Natural Beach Living

Terms of Use. Copyright Natural Beach Living Terms of Use All rights reserved. No part of this packet may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means - electronic, mechanical, photo-copies, recording, or otherwise

More information

Preview of Cover and Sample Pages

Preview of Cover and Sample Pages Preview of Cover and Sample Pages The following sample material is for preview purposes only. (Scroll down to see additional pages.) School and district personnel may save or download this PDF to one computer

More information

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book FOCUS Book Eddies often form on the edges of a fast-moving ocean current. Make a model of an eddy. Fill a clear plastic bowl with warm tap water. Slowly stir the water to make it swirl. Predict what will

More information

Chapter 1. The Science of Marine Biology - Why is it important? Marine Biology. The scientific study of the organisms that live in the sea

Chapter 1. The Science of Marine Biology - Why is it important? Marine Biology. The scientific study of the organisms that live in the sea Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology - Why is it important? Marine Biology Marine Biology - The scientific study of the organisms that live in the sea 1 Practical Reasons to study marine biology Vast

More information

Coral Reef Activity Book

Coral Reef Activity Book Coral Reef Activity Book Coral Reefs for health, for wealth, for life Did you know... Coral reefs can be found in all tropical areas of the world. Corals can also be found in deep cold oceans. Most corals

More information

Chapter 12: Food from the Oceans (pg )

Chapter 12: Food from the Oceans (pg ) Chapter 12: Food from the Oceans (pg. 197 213) Introduction: It s estimated 100 million people in developing countries depend on fishing for livelihood. Issue of sustainable development of marine resources

More information

Hudson River Food Webs

Hudson River Food Webs Name Date Part 1: Introduction to the In part one, you will learn about food chains in one of the major environments in the Hudson River: marsh, brackish channel, freshwater channel, or freshwater shallows.

More information

All about Jenkinson s Aquarium. By The Tiger Class February

All about Jenkinson s Aquarium. By The Tiger Class February All about Jenkinson s Aquarium By The Tiger Class February 2 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Harbor Seals 4,5 3. Penguins 6,7 4. Pythons 8 5. Fish 9 6. Sea Urchins 10 7. Eels 11 8. Stingrays

More information

Ch. 10 The Open Sea: Pelagic Zone away. from coast/continental shelf. Little upwelling & low primary productivity = most animals stay

Ch. 10 The Open Sea: Pelagic Zone away. from coast/continental shelf. Little upwelling & low primary productivity = most animals stay Ch. 10: The Open Sea Ch. 10 The Open Sea: Pelagic Zone Pelagic Zone away Away from coast, over continental shelf from coast/continental shelf. Little upwelling & low primary productivity = most animals

More information

What if we are wrong about the lionfish invasion? Craig Layman North Carolina State University

What if we are wrong about the lionfish invasion? Craig Layman North Carolina State University What if we are wrong about the lionfish invasion? Craig Layman North Carolina State University Lionfish prove to be tireless terminator-like invasive species Godzilla Lionfish Threatening Cayman Paradise

More information

Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more

Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more Why are some coastal environments under threat? Coastal areas have become increasingly under threat in recent years. Climate change is having a huge effect on coastal areas, making them much more likely

More information

Classification Station [Grades 6-8]

Classification Station [Grades 6-8] Classification Station [Grades 6-8] Georgia Standards of Excellence Addressed: S7L1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared

More information

;DG:HIH Plankton

;DG:HIH Plankton or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend to be particularly productive and have a high level

More information

Life Cycles: Egg, Nymph, Adult!

Life Cycles: Egg, Nymph, Adult! Life Cycles: Egg, Nymph, Adult! National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium Environmental Education Curriculum Target Grades: K 5 Key Words: Subject Area: Duration: Life Cycle, Metamorphosis, Native Species,

More information

Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water

Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water Overview Students will learn about whale adaptations for breathing, feeding, and moving in water. Before Your Visit: Students will read and discuss a text about whale

More information

Stonefly. Gilled Snails

Stonefly. Gilled Snails Mid-Michigan Macroinvertebrates Identification Guide & Descriptions Mayfly Nymphs have 3 tail filaments occasionally 2 tail filaments never paddle or fan-like Feathery gills line the sides of the abdomen

More information

SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET

SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Name 1. Read over the Student Learning Outcomes and associated General Questions on this page, and refer back and take notes on this page as you walk through the aquarium,

More information

A DAY AT THE WHITNEY LAB The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience An Institute for Marine Research and Biotechnology

A DAY AT THE WHITNEY LAB The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience An Institute for Marine Research and Biotechnology A DAY AT THE WHITNEY LAB The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience An Institute for Marine Research and Biotechnology STUDENT NAME: What s For Lunch? The Mission In this activity, you will make an educated

More information

Fish Metamorphosis Wheel

Fish Metamorphosis Wheel Fish Metamorphosis Wheel Outcome: 2-1-09: Compare the appearance of young and mature animals of the same type. Materials: colouring utensils scissors glue brass fasteners light-coloured construction paper

More information

Lecture Benthic Ecology

Lecture Benthic Ecology Lecture Benthic Ecology Benthos Unlike the drifting plankton and swimming nekton, benthic organisms commonly referred to as benthos live on or near the ocean bottom A benthic habitat may be shallow or

More information

SCRIPPS AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Spring 2006 Name updated 4/28/06 FOR CREDIT TURN IT IN TO YOUR PROFESSOR AT THE END OF CLASS INSTRUCTIONS:

SCRIPPS AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Spring 2006 Name updated 4/28/06 FOR CREDIT TURN IT IN TO YOUR PROFESSOR AT THE END OF CLASS INSTRUCTIONS: SCRIPPS AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Spring 2006 Name updated 4/28/06 FOR CREDIT TURN IT IN TO YOUR PROFESSOR AT THE END OF CLASS INSTRUCTIONS: This worksheet will help you to observe some of the fascinating exhibits

More information

OUR SEAS COASTAL SEAS

OUR SEAS COASTAL SEAS OUR SEAS Whether our homes are near or far from the sea, our lives depend on our planet s oceans. Covering about 70% of the earth s surface, our seas supply half the oxygen we breathe, and provide food

More information

Key Stage 2 Upper ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 9-11

Key Stage 2 Upper ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 9-11 Key Stage 2 Upper ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 9-11 Name: Class: Date: Welcome to Anglesey Sea Zoo! HI! My name is Seamor, and in this activity book my friends and I will give you lots of fun facts about the animals

More information

BeCome a BSAC Beachcomber!

BeCome a BSAC Beachcomber! BeCome a BSAC Beachcomber! Welcome to the BSAC Beachcomber! Let s learn together and discover some fascinating facts about the amazing creatures living in the rock pools along our seashore... Who we are

More information

Ocean. T he ocean covers about 71 percent of the earth. The shallow part of the ocean. 1 Photocopy pages Cut out all the pieces

Ocean. T he ocean covers about 71 percent of the earth. The shallow part of the ocean. 1 Photocopy pages Cut out all the pieces Flip open the pages of this mini-book to shed light on the layers of the ocean. Habitat Hallmarks T he ocean covers about 71 percent of the earth. The shallow part of the ocean lies above the continental

More information

Life Cycles. Fry: begin feeding (fry can undergo several more developmental stages, which vary by species, as they mature into juveniles.

Life Cycles. Fry: begin feeding (fry can undergo several more developmental stages, which vary by species, as they mature into juveniles. Life Cycles Fish life cycle - general Eggs + sperm fertilized eggs after temperature-dependent development hatch into - Larvae: live off a yolk sac, this stage is often referred to a sac fry. When the

More information

Marine Ecosystems. Objectives. Key Terms SECTION 2

Marine Ecosystems. Objectives. Key Terms SECTION 2 SECTION 2 Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems of the world are made up of a wide variety of plant and animal communities. Marine ecosystems are located mainly in coastal areas and in the open ocean. Organisms

More information

Phylum Molluska.

Phylum Molluska. Phylum Molluska www.onacd.ca 3 Main Classes of Mollusks GASTROPODA : includes limpets, snails, slugs and whelks BIVALVIA: includes clams, oysters, muscles, scallops and shipworms CEPHALOPODA: includes

More information

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore FU NKY FISH A look at Tierney Thys and her work with the ocean sunfish

More information