by F G Howard i arine Laboratory Aberdeen Scotland UK

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1 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ~ Shellfish and C"l /1<:35 Benthos Cttee Summary THE BY-CATCH IN THE SCOTTISH FISH:ffiY FüR PANDALUS BOREALIS KROYER ON THE FLADEN GROUND by F G Howard i arine Laboratory Aberdeen Scotland UK This paper presents data on the landed by-catch in the Scottish fishery for Pandalus borealis on the Fladen ground during the years The most abundant species of fish landed ware cod, Norway pout, haddock, monk and dogfish. There is little seasonal variation in the relative abundance of the by-catch species. The proportion of, by-catch landed varies from 19?~ to 59?~ of the total landed catch. Introduction Since.its' inception in 1970, the ScottiSh shrimp fishery on the Fladen ground. has become increasingly important, with the total landings increasing from 252 tonnes in 1970 to 670 tonnes in 1975.' With the possibility of continued changes in the pattern of inshore fishing, especially.in the herring fishery, the importance of the Fladen shrimp fishery is likely to increase as fishermen look for alternative species to catch, Shrimps are included in the species'listed under NEAFC Recommendation 2, Which permits the use of codend meshes of 'less than 50 rmn, but not smal1er than 16 mm in i ts fishery. The average codend stretched mesh size of nets used in the Scottish shrimp fishery at Fladen is 25 mm. It is therefore appropriate to consider the composition and amount of by-catch of protected species in the shrimp fishery. - Preliminary data on the shrimp fishery and its by-catch were given by Mason and Howard (1972) and Howard:and Mason (1972). The present paper giv8s data on the landed bypcatch for the six years lv!aterials and 1" ethods,t?e Scottish fishery for P.borealis is undertaken by trawlers between 19.8 m and 1

2 26.2 m, overall length with engine sizes ranging from 152 hp to 600 hp. The nets used are s.ltrimp trawls with average stretched mesh sizes of 75 mm in the wings, 40 nun in the belly and 25 rmn in the cqdend. The latter is covered by a lifting bag of stretched mesh size 120 mm. S~atistics for this fishery are collected by the Fisheries Inspectorate Branch of the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, and are present annually in summary form in the Scottish Sea Fisheries Stati~tical Tables. Data for the years 197C~75 are presented here is a more expanded form and related to season. In 1972 and 1973 data on the discarded by-catch was obtained mont~ly during the fishing season. An observer has accompanied- a shrimp trawler on a one week trip to the fishing grounds - Results The annual landings 0 f shrimp and by-catch species.from the Fladen ground in each of the year are given in Table 1. The by-catch landings are expanded in Table 2 to show a direct comparison with the amount of shrimp landed. The six most important species of fish landed by weight were cod, Norway pout~ haddock, monk, dogfish and whiting. Some year to year variation occurred in the relative amounts of eaoh by-catoh species caught, but it was not large. With the exceptidil of Norwny pout, all fish were landed for human consumption. The Norway pout was l.nnded for industrial purposes,o.nd only when the economic situation W~6 f~vourable. Norwoy lobster constitutudthqonly speoies of s~ellfish londed ~ by-catoh und accounted for betweeno.03% und 13.1% of the landed by-catch. The average seasonal abundance of the shrimp catoh a,nd by-catch for the years is given in Table 3, and the by catch compared to the seasonal shrimp catch in Table 4. The amount of monk, saithe and dogfish were highest during the months of April, Hay and June, but little other seasonal variation is noticeable. The percentage of by-catch increased in the autumn as the amount of shrimp caught diminished. This fishery is undertaken using nets with a' codend,mesh size of 25 mm, and consequently a considerable quantity of small fish are caught. This part of the catch, consisting of undersized fish of protected species, and. small fish of other species. is discarded. T4e proportion of discarded by-catch ranged from 2rf% to 75% by weight of.the total catch, and the predominant species were Norway pout, haddock and long rough dab. (Howard and 'Mason 1972). Further informati-on on the discarded by-catch was obtained in 1973, and the results were similar to those obtained in The proportion of by-catch discarded ranged from 38% to 54% by weight of the total catch, andthe predominant'species were Norway pout, haddock and blue whiting. References Howard, F.G. and Mason, J. Hason, J., and Howard, F.G Notes on the By-catch in the Scottish fishery for Pandalus borealis Kr~ier on the Fladen Ground. lces C.H Shellfish and Benthos Cttee. The Scottish Fishery for Pandalus borealis Y.rpyer in the North Sea..ICES C.H. 1972,. Shellfish sud Benthos Cttee. 2

3 ~1.1~' cf. S.b:I:'"irl;?,. arld b;r-catch 'Ci.n metr:i.c tons) ;'11 th~~ S~ott'iSh Sht'im'p Fishery on the Fladen Ground for the yecu's 19?O~ ' of 1975 Shrimp 102.5!r , ' +.69 Tot"al by-catch ,, ' Nephropa Cod: '('7 Häddock ~10 14c'1~ ,5 52 Whiting ' ' e Saith"e Hake Lytte - '-,- 0.0'1 Ling Catfish Honk lh28 4.~ Plad,ce Le'mon sole }}O. ~Htch I Dcib Halibut 0~ ' ~egrim T6'bot Skate o~ Dogfish 0~ Herrin! ',' Mackerel - 0,,04 Nol'way Pout 8 92 " Unspecified Roes 0.0'1

4 Table 2 Landings of 'by-catch: kef100 kg shrimp ' Ling e Total by-ca:tch '1' Nephrops ,, Cod Haddock Whiting Saithe 0.' ' Hake Lythe L Catfish Honk ' Pla~ce Lernon sole Witch Dab Halibut Megrim Turbot Skat Dogfish '12 Herring Mackel'el + Norway Pout Unspecified Roea +

5 Table :; Monthly landings of :.Shrimp and by-catch in m~tric tcns (menno for the yearj; 11)70-7.5) San Feb. Xarch April Ha:y June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov~ Dec. Shrimp ~; ~ Total by-catch Nf'!phrops '1 0.2" Cod l~l~ H~ddock ' \ihiting ßaithe Hake Lythe + + Ling ~ Catfifih Honk ~ Plaice le:non sole '.iitch '.02 + Dab Halibut + 0.0' ' i1egrim Turbot Skate Dcefish + ü, o.4!~ He:rring Hackerel 0.01 Norw3.Y Peut J~ Unsp~cified Rces +

6 TaDle 4 Monthly 1~nding5 of by-catch: kg/100 k& shrimp (means fer the years ) Jf),n~ Feh. March April May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. fl'otal by-catch ~/ C Ncphrops Cerl B9 Haddock \4hiting f Sa.ithe Hake Lythe I,ing l t Catfish O.I~ O.9~ Mcnk Plaice Lemon öole Witch Dab Halib1lt j'1egrim Turbot Skate Dogfish lt Herring o.ot) Mackerel 0.02 Jiorway Pout l. 1o.R ~4 UnspecH'ied noes + : e.

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