THE DYNAMICS OF ESTUARIES AND THEIR FISH POPULATIONS: implications for fish conservation in the Tidal Thames

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1 THE DYNAMICS OF ESTUARIES AND THEIR FISH POPULATIONS: implications for fish conservation in the Tidal Thames Adrian C. Pinder Bournemouth University Global Environmental Solutions (BUG)

2 ESTUARIES AND THEIR VALUE: wildlife

3 ESTUARIES AND THEIR VALUE: leisure

4 ESTUARIES AND THEIR VALUE: commercial fisheries

5 ESTUARIES AND THEIR VALUE: development & transport

6 ESTUARIES AND THEIR VALUE: power generation

7 Threats to fish populations Pollution (industrial, domestic, agriculture) Habitat loss Noise Entrainment / impingement

8 WHY DO FISH USE ESTUARIES?: Diadromy Elliott et al. (2007). The guild approach to categorizing estuarine fish assemblages: a global review. Fish and Fisheries, 8(3),

9 WHY DO FISH USE ESTUARIES?: Nursery function Globally recognised as important nursery zones Freshwater and marine species Rich feeding opportunities / Predator avoidance prospects

10 THE CONCEPT OF ONTOGENETIC ECOLOGY

11 MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGE IN FISHES Fish transition through a number of well defined ontogenetic stages Thresholds between stages often translate to sudden shifts in behaviour and ecology

12 CHANGING HABITAT AND ITS VALUE TO 0+ FISHES boulders sand bar mud flats shingle

13 Temporal Biotic Abiotic Factors influencing estuarine utilisation of 0+ fishes Freshwater Estuary Marine Flow rate Salinity & turbidity Tidal cycle Production of freshwater & anadromous fauna Highly mobile and temporally dynamic fish communities Production of estuarine & anadromous fauna Production of Marine & catadromous fauna Seasonal bio-rythms Seasonal bio-rythms Seasonal bio-rythms

14 Current research on the Tidal Thames 0+ FISH IN THE THAMES Investigating the ecological function of the Tidal Thames and the impact of improved water quality on fish populations Tidal Thames Biological Timeline 125 species since 1964; nursery for 21 species

15 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Characterise temporal variability in fish species community structure and abundance Construct pre-tideway improvement ecological baseline 3D utilisation of space and tides?

16 GLASS EEL MIGRATION MODEL Developed to help quantify recruitment and exploitation of glass eels ascending the Bristol Channel rivers Harrison, A. J. et al. (2014). A review of glass eel migratory behaviour, sampling techniques and abundance estimates in estuaries: implications for assessing recruitment, local production and exploitation. Reviews in fish biology and fisheries, 24(4),

17 PROJECT OBJECTIVES Characterise temporal variability in fish species community structure and abundance Construct pre-tideway improvement ecological baseline 3D utilisation of space and tides? Communicate the importance of the tidal Thames to the general public through citizen science involvement

18 Current monitoring Temporal and spatial survey effort Two year programme ( ) Fortnightly (March November) Putney Blackfriars Greenwich

19 Current monitoring survey methods Bespoke multi-method approach Seine netting (3mm mesh) at low tide (general fish community structure at each site)

20 Current monitoring survey methods Marginal push nets (1.5mm mesh) used two hours either side of low tide (importance of extreme margins for refuge and STST)

21 Current monitoring survey methods Mid-channel ichthyoplankton trawls during flood and first hour of ebb tides (to determine utilisation of main channel for eggs/larval transport (STST) surface 2m

22 Current monitoring initial observations Freshwater Diadromous Marine Roach Rutilus rutilus European eel Anguilla anguilla Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Dace Leuciscus leuciscus Smelt Osmerus eperlanus Thinlip mullet Chelon ramada Perch Perca fluviatilis Bullhead Cottus gobio 3-sp stickleback Gasterosterus aculeatus 9-sp stickleback Pungitius pungitius Common bream Abramis brama Sand smelt Atherina presbyter Common goby Pomatoschistus microps Sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus Flounder Platichthys flesus Snake pipefish Entelurus aequoreus Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua Zander Sander lucioperca Chub Squalius cephalus Bleak Alburnus alburnus 20 species so far.

23 Current monitoring ontogenetic shifts Flounder Platichthys flesus

24 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS Theoretical approach Evidence based management strategy

25 Thank you any questions?

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