Proposed Pensacola Fish Hatchery: Potential Biological Impacts and Best Practices. Will Patterson

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1 Proposed Pensacola Fish Hatchery: Potential Biological Impacts and Best Practices Will Patterson

2 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Source: Ian MacDonald FSU

3 Fishery Closures During DHOS

4 Proposed Restoration Goals of the Hatchery 1. Restore the loss of fishing activity 2. Change perceptions of visitors and resident anglers 3. Job development 4. Integration with community development goals 5. Developing future conservationists and anglers 6. Restoring important fisheries habitats in the region

5 Proposed Restoration Goals of the Hatchery 1. Restore the loss of fishing activity 2. Change perceptions of visitors and resident anglers 3. Job development 4. Integration with community development goals 5. Developing future conservationists and anglers 6. Restoring important fisheries habitats in the region

6 What Do We Know about Hatcheries? Hugely popular with the angling public Employed for a variety of conservation and management uses Have a long history in both freshwater and marine fisheries in the US and globally Have come under fire in recent years for multiple reasons

7 Stock Enhancement -sea ranching -put-and-take recreational fisheries -supplement natural spawn -species introductions -endangered and imperiled species -habitat restoration Research on reproductive biology and early life history stages Uses of Hatcheries Education and outreach Credit: Roger Werth

8 Potential Environmental Impacts of Hatcheries Genetic impacts to wild populations Whirling Disease Water quality degradation -nutrient pollution -antibiotics or other chemicals -thermal or salinity effects of effluent -disease introduction Degradation of natural habitats Barcourt (2010) Direct and indirect effects on fisheries and their management

9 Scientific Literature: Enhancement and Genetics Increased attention paid to two scientific questions: 1) Do hatcheries increase potential fishery yield? 2) Genetic effects on wild populations? Google Scholar-listed Publications Search: Hatchery and Genetics Publications per year Wert et al. Hilborn et al. Year

10 Potential Genetic Effects of Stocking Direct genetic effects (caused by hybridization and introgression) ESA-listed anadromous fishes in Columbia River Basin: Indirect genetic effects (principally due to altered selection regimes or reductions in population size caused by competition, predation, disease, or other factors) Genetic changes to hatchery stocks (through selection, drift, or stock transfers), which magnify the consequences of hybridization with wild fish. Quoted verbatim from Wapples (1991)

11 Recognizing Potential Genetic Effects of Stocking

12 Key Component: Genetic Risk Assessment AFS:

13 HaMAR 2013 Pre-meeting Survey Results (n = 431) Source: Flagg et al. (2013)

14 Key Component: Genetic Risk Assessment Florida FWC and FWRI have been leaders in genetic risk assessment. FL Genetic Risk Assessment: FWC appears committed to testing for and monitoring potential genetic consequences of stocking. Genetic assessment should be part of any stock enhancement plan. Details currently lacking beyond FWC decision process, but these should be priorities of proposed Planning Coordination and Technical Coordination Committee s.

15 Stock Status of Potential Culture Species Spotted Seatrout Red Drum Murphy et al. (2010) Murphy and Munyandorero (2009) Gulf and Southern Flounders?

16 Acute Impacts to Inshore Species in the ngom? Fodrie and Heck (2011) PLoS ONE: DOI: /journal.pone Collectively, no significant, acute impacts on the strength of juvenile cohorts within seagrass habitats were detected following the DH disaster.

17 Red Snapper Recruitment Estimates Gulf of Mexico Macondo Well 2010 Fall SEAMAP

18 Data to Evaluate Stocking Success? FWRI Locations in Florida FIM-FWRI Sampling Locations Requirements: sound broodstock management, fishery-independent monitoring of habitats and fish populations, fishery-dependent monitoring of effort and CPUE, tissue samples to assess effects on population demographics and genetics

19 The Texas Example Stocking red drum in coastal bays since % of broodstock exchanged annually with wild fish TXDWF cites positive relationship between RD CPUE and time series of stocking as evidence of success Genetic effects on wild Texas populations of red drum NOT apparent (Gold et al. 2008; Carson et al. 2009, 2014) Gill net survey red drum CPUE Vega et al. (2010) Year y = x p < 0.001; R² = 0.46

20 Potential Environmental Impacts of Hatcheries Genetic impacts to wild populations Water quality degradation -nutrient pollution -antibiotics or other chemicals -thermal or salinity effects of effluent -disease introduction Degradation of natural habitats Direct and indirect effects on fisheries and their management

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