1973, 1975, A.w. Argue, B. Hillaby, and CD. Shepard

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1 ~, Distributio, Timig, Chage i Size, ad Stomach Cotets of Juveile Chiook ad Coho Salmo Caught i Cowicha Estuary ad Bay, 97, 975, 97 A.w. Argue, B. Hillaby, ad CD. Shepard Field Services Brach Departmet of Fisheries ad Oceas 5 Stepheso Poit Road Naaimo, British Columbia V9T K April,98 Caadia Techical Report of Fisheries ad Aquatic Scieces No. 4 ~,

2 Caadia Techical Report of Fisheries ad Aquatic Scieces 4 April 98 DISTRIBUTION, TIMING, CHANGE IN SIZE, AND STOMACH CONTENTS OF JUVENILE CHINOOK AND COHO SALMON CAUGHT IN COWl CHAN ESTUARY AND BAY, 97, 975, 97' By A.W. Argue, Bruce Hillaby ad C.D. Shepard Yield Services Brach Departmet of Fisheries ad Oceas 5 Stepheso Poit Road Naaimo, B.C. V9T lk. Report prepared uder Departmet of Supply ad Services cotract umbers 0SB.FP ad 0SB.FP Pacific Coast Bio-Resources Limited, Victoria, B.C.

3 I ii Miister of Supply ad Services Caada 98 Cat. NO. FS 97-/4E ISSN Correct Citatio for this publicatio: Argue, Q.W., Bruce Hillaby ad C.D. Shepard. 98. Distributio, timig, chage i size, ad stomach cotets of juveile chiook ad coho salmo caught i Cowicha estuary ad bay, 97, 975, 97. Ca. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 4: 5p.

4 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF FIGURES.,... *,. v LIST OF TABLES... vii LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES... "... xi ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Study Desig xiv.0.0. METHODS RESULTS.. study Area , Purse Seie , Beach Se ie pole Seie ad Tow Net Coded-wire taggig ad Recovery.4. Juveile taggig ad recovery..4. Adult recovery ad eumeratio. Biological Samplig of Juveile Salmo. Data Aalysis..... Relative abudace ad distributio... Chage i size... Stomach cotellt Total Catch a Recovery of Marked Fish... Chiook... Coho.. survival of CWT Fish Juveile Chiook Salmo.4. Distributio ad timig..4.. Estuary Flat

5 iv.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cotiued) Page.4.. Head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay Distributio of umarked ad marked fish Chage i size Juveile Coho Salmo... II Distributio ad timig Estuary flat Head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay Distributio of umarked ad marked fish ~ 9.5. Chage i size stomach Cotets Total data set Habitat categories Taxoomic categor ies Statio comparisos Moth comparisos Species comparisos..... Previous Estimates of Juveile populatio Size DISCUSSION " Movemet of Juveiles based o CPUE Data 4 4. Movemet ad populatio Size of Juveiles based o Mark Recoveries Seasoal Chage i Juveile Size o Stomach Cotets of Juveiles Summary ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5.0 LITERATURE CITED... 5 Tables... III 55 Appedix Tables... 0

6 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Boudaries of areas used for grouped samplig statios iside Cowicha Bay... II... " Locatio map of the Cowicha ad Koksilah River systems showig juveile chiook ad coho taggig sites...,... The marie study area ad locatios of purse seie samplig statios outside Cowicha Bay Locatio of purse seie statios iside Cowicha Bay 7 5 Locatio of beach seie statios iside Cowicha Bay 9 Pole seie ad tow et statios that were fished i Chiook catch per purse seie set at head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios, 975 ad Percetage seie catch Compariso betwee CWT Bay i July of adipose clipped chiook i the purse iside Cowicha Bay of chiook catch per 00 purse seie sets ad umarked chiook caught iside Cowicha 975 ad July Compariso of 97 chiook catch per 00 purse seie sets betwee CWT ad umarked chiook caught at head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios 5 Average fork legth of marked chiook, by two week iterval, captured iside Cowicha Bay by purse seie i 975 ad iii Average fork legth of marked chiook captured by purse seie at the head ad edge of Cowicha Bay i 97 8 Coho catch per purse seie outside Cowicha Bay statios, set at head, edge ad 975 ad 97 0

7 vi LIST OF FIGURES (cotiued) Figure Page 4 Percetage of adipose clipped coho i the purse seie catch iside ad outside Cowicha Bay Compariso of coho catch per 00 purse seie sets betwee lower river CWT coho ad umarked coho for head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios i July 975 ad i July Compariso of 97 coho catch per 00 purse seie sets betwee lower river, CWT coho ad umarked coho for all head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios 7 Compariso of 97 catch per 00 purse seie sets amogst upper ad lower river, early ad late releases of CWT coho... ~ Average fork iterval, for purse seie i legth of marked coho, by two week coho captured iside Cowicha Bay by 975 ad I., 9 Fork legth of Cowicha of marked coho captured iside ad outside Bay i

8 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Timig of samplig by each gear type 57 Purse seie ad beach seie statio groupigs 58 Number of releases of coded-wire tagged ad adipose clipped coho ad chiook juveiles, by release site, release period ad tag code, 975 ad Formulae used to describe stomach cotets of chiook ad coho salmo....,,""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0 5 Regressio that were prey items parameters for legth to weight coversios used to calculate wet weight of differet i salmo stomachs"""",,"""""""""""""""""""""""" Total catch of chiook ad coho salmo by year ad samplig gear, iside Cowicha Bay Total catch of species other tha chiook ad coho salmo caught iside Cowicha Bay durig the 97, 975 ad 97 samplig seasos as recorded o field sheets 8 Total mark ad CWT recoveries from chiook ad coho that were examied for marks iside ad outside Cowicha Bay i 975 ad 97."""",,"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4 9 Recaptures of o-study area chiook ad coho that cotaied coded-wire tags, 975 ad Estimated catch, escapemet ad survival for Ad-CWT groups of Cowicha ad Koksilah River coho ad chiook marked i 975 ad Beach seie catch per set for chiook juveiles, 97 ad 975 e 7 Purse seie catch per set for chiook, 97 8 Purse seie catch per set for chiook, 975 ad Estimated chiook escapemet, ad peak daily discharge betwee October ad December i the escapemet year 70 5 Percetage of marked chiook i the catch at each purse seie statio iside Cowicha Bay, 975 ad 97 70

9 Table viii LIST OF TABLES (cotiued) Page Percetage of adipose clipped chiook i the purse seie catch at grouped statios, 975 ad percetage of chiook with CWTs i chiook catches by purse se~e i July 975 ad i July 97 at the same head, edge ad all outside Cowicha Bay statios 7 8 Percetage of chiook with CWTs i chiook catches by purse seie i July 97 at all head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios Beach seie catch per set for coho fry, 97 ad Beach seie catch per set for coho smots, 97 ad Purse seie catch per set for coho, Purse seie catch per set for coho, 975 ad 97", 7 Estimated coho escapemet, ad miimum mothly average daily discharge betwee Jue ad October i the year followig the escapemet year Percetage of adipose clipped coho i the purse seie catch at grouped statios, 975 ad Percetage of marked coho i the catch at each purse seie statio iside Cowicha Bay, 975 ad Percetage of coho with CWTs (released from Rotary Park ad Kelvi Creek) i coho catches by purse seie i 975 ad 97 at the same head, edge ad all outside Cowicha Bay statios.~..... I 79 7 Percetage of coho with CWTS (released from Rotary Park, Kelvi Creek ad Mesachie Creek) i coho catches by purse seie i 97 at all head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios Percetage of the purse seie catch of each marked group of 974 brood coho that was take iside Cowicha Bay 80 9 Fork legth of CWT coho recaptured at age. i Cowicha Bay durig October of their fial ocea year 8

10 ix Table LIST OF TABLES (cotiued) Page 0 Food items r.ecorded from chiook stomachs sampled iside Cowicha Bay i 97, ih order of weight percetage 8 Frequecy of occurrece of food items recorded i stomachs from marked chiook caught by purse seie iside Cowicha Bay i 97, i order of frequecy of occurrece Food items recorded from stomachs of marked chiook salmo caught by purse seie iside Cowicha Bay i 97, i order of umerical frequecy Food items recorded from coho stomachs sampled iside Cowicha Bay i 97, i order of weight percetage 85 4 Frequecy of occurrece of food items recorded from stomachs of marked coho caught by purse seie iside iside Cowicha Bay i 97, i order of frequecy of occur reee Food items recorded from stomachs of marked coho caught by purse seie iside Cowicha Bay i 97, i order of umerical frequecy Mothly stomach cotets i weight percetage of chiook caught iside Cowicha Bay i Mothly stomach cotets caught iside Cowicha Bay i weight percetage of coho i Mothly stomach cotets i weight percetage of chiook caught iside Cowicha Bay i Mothly stomach cotets caught iside Cowicha Bay i weight percetage of coho i Estimated proportio of the mothly samples for stomach cotet aalysis that were obtaied from each samplig gear i , Summary of stomach cotets for all marked chiook ad coho caught iside ad outside Cowicha Bay i Compariso of marked chiook ad coho stomach cotets betwee edge ad head of bay capture locatios i July ad August 97 ~ 94

11 x LIST OF TABLES (cotiued) Table 4 44 Page Mothly stomach cotets for marked chiook caught iside Cowicha Bay i Mothly stomach cotets for marked coho caught iside Cowicha Bay i " Compariso of stomach cotets of coho ad chiook salmo caught iside Cowicha Bay i Compariso of juveile chiook ad coho smolt populatio estimates Compariso of coho smolt populatio estimates based o 97 CWT releases, CWT recoveries ad o-cwt catch from statios iside Cowicha Bay Compariso of average fork legth of chiook ad coho ca~ght i Cowicha Bay ad i Georgia Strait by purse see... 00

12 Table xi APPENDIX TABLES Beach seie catch of chiook juveiles, 97 0 Tow et catch of chiook juveiles, pole seie catch of chiook juveiles, a Purse seie catch of chiook iside Cowicha Bay, Beach seie catch of chiook juveiles, Purse seie catch of chiook iside Cowicha 'Bay, Purse seie catch of marked chiook iside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch of chiook iside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch of marked chiook iside Cowicha Bay, Beach seie catch of coho salmo juveiles, 97 III 0 Tow et catch of coho juveiles, 97 Pole seie catch of coho fry, 97 lla 4 5 Purse seie catch of coho iside Cowicha Bay, 97 Beach seie catch of coho smolts ad fry, Beach seie catch of marked coho smolts, Purse seie catch of coho iside Cowicha Bay, Page Purse seie catch of marked coho iside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch of coho iside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch of marked coho iside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch ad mark recoveries of coho ad chiook for statios outside Cowicha Bay, Purse seie catch ad mark recoveries of coho ad

13 Table xii APPENDIX TABLES (cotiued) chiook for statios outside Cowicha Bay, 97 0 Chiook mark recoveries by purse seie i 975 Chiook mark recoveries by purse seie i 97 4 Coho mark recoveries by purse seie ad beach seie, Coho mark recoveries by purse seie i 97 4 Total purse seie catch of coded-wire tagged chiook, 975 ad Purse seie catch ad CPUE of umarked ad CWT chiook for the same head ad edge of Cowicha Bay statios, ad for all outside Cowicha Bay statios, i July 975 ad i, July lli - " 8 Purse seie catch ad CPUE of umarked ad CWT chiook i 97 for all head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios.9 7 Total purse seie catch of coded-wire tagged coho, Total purse seie catch of coded-wire tagged coho, Purse seie catch ad CPUE of CWT coho from early ad late releases of lower river coho smolts, for the same head ad edge of Cowicha Bay statios, ad for all outside Cowicha Bay statios, July 975 ad July ~ Purse seie recoveries of CWT coho from lower/upper river, early/late releases, Purse seie catch ad CPUE of umarked coho ad of CWT coho from early ad late releases of lower river coho smolts, for the same head ad edge of Cowicha Bay statios, ad for all outside Cowicha Bay statios, July 975 ad July Purse seie catch ad CPUE i 97 of umarked coho ad selected groups of CWT coho for all head, edge ad outside Cowicha Bay statios Average fork recovered by legth at purse seie recapture of marked chiook at samplig statios iside Page

14 xiii APPENDIX TABLES (cotiued) Table Page Cowicha Bay, ". 4 4 Average fork legth at recapture of marked coho recovered by purse seie at samplig statios iside ad outside Cowicha Bay, Average fork legth at recapture of marked coho recovered by purse seie at samplig statios iside ad outside Cowicha Bay, CWT coho fork legths from iside Cowicha Bay statios that were used i aalyses of variace 49 7 Groupig of 97 stomach cotet items Groupig of 97 stomach cotet items 5

15

16 xiv ABSTRACT Ar.gue, A.W., Br.uce Hillaby, ad C.D. Shepard Distributio, timig, chage i size, ad stomach cotets of juveile chiook ad coho salmo caught i Cowicha estuary ad bay, 97, 975, 97. Ca. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 4: xiv + 49 p. I 97, 975 ad 97, field studies were coducted to determie the distributio, abudace, duratio of residece, growth ad feedig habits of juveile chiook (Qcorhychus tshawytscha) ad coho (0. kisutch) salmo o the Cowicha estuary ad i Cowicha Bay. Chiook-lid coho were captured with pole seie, tow et, beach seie ad purse seie i 97, with beach seie ad purse seie i 975, ad with purse seie i 97. Surveys took place from the last two weeks i March to the last two weeks i October; differet time periods were covered each year. I 975 ad 97, a umber of statios outside Cowicha Bay were fished by purse seie.. Surveys i 975 ad 97 coicided with releases of large umbers of coded-wire tagged ad adipose clipped chiook juveiles (Jue-July) ad coho smolts (April-Jue) from several sites o the Cowicha ad Koksilah Rivers (coho) ad o the estuary (chiook). Juveile chiook ad coho fry were captured o the estuary betwee early April ad late Jue. Chiook the moved ito deeper water at the head of Cowicha Bay. just adjacet to the estuary, ad to itertidal beaches aroud the perimeter of the bay. Coho smolts did ot appear to.be abudat i the catches of the differet ets o the estuary. or i beach seie catches at itertidal statios aroud the perimeter of the bay, but were abudat at deeper water statios fished by purse seie at the head of the bay ad aroud the edges of the bay. Neither species was abudat at statios i water exceedig 45 m i the middle of Cowicha Bay. Large umbers of both species were captured at earshore statios outside Cowicila Bay. I 97 Q May chiook ad coho stayed residet i Cowicha Bay util October. The percetage of marks i the catch iside Cowicila Bay did ot chage appreciably durig this timel few o-cowicha marks were recovered. Thus it was cocluded that there was little immigratio of other stocks ito the bay. There was evidece that later migrats from freshwater teded to disperse less from Cowicha Bay tha early migrats. There was also evidece that as chiook ad coho grew they moved from the estuary to earshore waters of Cowicha Bay ad the to earshore waters outside the bay. Both chiook ad coho i 97 grew at II rate of

17 xv approximately oe millimeter (fork legth) per day betwee July ad September. Growth rate appeared to slow i late September. Juveile Pacific herrig (Clupea haregus pallasi) were preset i large umbers i the purse seie catch, ad were by far the domiat diet item (by weight) of chiook ad coho caught betwee July ad October at statios i Cowicha Bay. Decapod larvae, mostly ~oea of porcellaid crabs, were umerically the most commo diet item. Estuarie bethic orgaisms were the domiat diet items of chiook ad coho caught o the estuary flat i March, April ad May. Key Words: juveile salmo, Cowicha Estuary, coded-wire taggig, movemet, growth, stomach cotets.

18 xvi RESUME Argue, A.W~, Bruce Hlllahy, ad C.D. Shepard Distributio, timig, chage i she, ad stomach cotets of juveile chiook ad coho salmo caught i Cowicha estuary ad bay, 97, 975, 97. Ca. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci 4: xiv + 49 p. E et 97, o a effectue des etudes sur Ie terrai pour determier la distributio, I' abodace, la duree de sejour, la croissace et les habitudes alimetaires de jeues saumos quiats (Ocorychus tshawytscha) et cohos (.!. kisutch) das l'estuaire et la bale Cowicha. Pour capturer les saumos quiats et cohos, o s'est servi e 97 de sees it perche, de filets triats, de sees de rivage et de sees coulissates, e 975 de sees de rivage et de sees coulissates et, fialemet, e 97 de sees coulissates. Les etudes at ete realisees c~tre les deux derieres semaies de mars et les deux derieres semaies d'octobre, mais lie periode differete chaque aee. E 975 et 97, o a peche a la see coulissate u certai ombre de statios situees au-del. de a bale Cowicha. E 975 et 97, es etudes at coicide avec la remise a I' eau de grades quati tes de jeues saumos quiats (jui et juillet) et cohos (avril a jui) marques l'ai.de d'ue etiquette metallique codee et par rogage de la ageoire adipeuse qui proveaiet de plusieurs edroits situes das les rivieres Cowicha et Koksilah (saumo coho) et. das l'estuaire (saumo quiat). De jeues saumos quiats et. des alevis de saumo coho ot ete captures das l'estuaire etre Ie debut d'avril et la fi de JUl. LeE) saumos quiats se sot redus esllite das des eaux plus profodes la tete de la baie CO~licha das ue zoe immediatemet adjacete a I' estuaire et sur les pi ages itertidales autour de la baie. Les jeues saumos cohos e semblaiet pas etre ombreux das les prises obteues ai' aide des differets filets utilises das l'estllaire ou das les prises recueillies par les sees de rivage a des statios itertidales situees autour de la baie, mals ils etaiet abodats des statios situees e eaux plus profodes au o utiisait des sees coulissates au fod et e bordure de a baie. Aucue des deux especes e se recotrait e abodace aux statios ou la prododeur depassait 45 m das Ie milieu de baie Cowicha. O a capture ces deux especes e grads ombres a des statios littorales situees l'exterieur de la baie Cowicha. E 97, u grad ombre de saumos quiats et cohos sot demeures das baie Cowicha jusqu'e octobre. Au cours de cette periode, Ie pourcetage. d'idividus marques das les prises 'a pas

19 xvii chage de fayo appreciable I o a recapture peu d'idividus marques e proveat pas de la baie Cowicha. Par cosequet, o a coclu qu'il y a eu peu d' immigratio d I autres stocks das la baie. O a remarque que les migrateurs tardifs veat des eaux douces avaiet tedace a se disperser mois a partir de la bale Cowicha que les migrateurs precoces et que, au fur et a mesue que les saumos quiats et cohos se developpaiet, ils se redaiet de l' estuaire aux eaux cotieres de a bale Cowicha puis a celles se trouvat au-dela de la bale. E 97, etre juillet et septembre, Ie rythme de croissace des saumos quiats et cohos a ete d'eviro u millimetre (logueur a la fourche) par jour. II a semble se produire u raletissemet de la croissace a la fi septembre. O a retrouve das les prises obteues au moye de sees coulissates de grades quatites de jeues haregs dll pacifique (Clupea haregus pallasi) qui casti tuaiet, et de loi, l'ilemet domiat (par poids) du reg ime al imetaire des saumos quiats et cohos captures etre julet et octobre a des statios situees das la bale Cowicha. Les larves de decapopes, surtout des zoes de crabes de la famille des porcellaides, etalet umeriquemet I' elemet Ie plus commu du regime al imetaire. Les orgaismes bethiques de l' estuaire etaiet les elemets domiats du reg lme alimetaire des saumos quiats et cohos captures sur les haut-fods de l'estuaire e mars, avril et maio Mots-cles: jeues saumos, estuaire de Cowicha, pose d'ue metalliqlle codee, deplacemet, croissace, stomacaux. etiquette coteus

20 DISTRIBUTION, TIMING, CHANGE IN SIZE, AND STOMACH CONTENTS OF JUVENILE CHINOOK AND COHO SALMON CAUGHT IN COWl CHAN ESTUARY AND BAY, 97, 975, 97.0 INTRODUCTION The Cowicha estuary, oe of the largest estuaries i British Columbia,. is supplied with freshwater from the Cowicha ad Koksilah Rivers (Figures ad ). Aual chiook (Qcorhychus tshawytscha) ad coho (~ kisutch) escapemets to these rivers are substatial, ragig from,000 to 5,000 chiook ad from 0,000 to 0,000 coho (Marshall ~ ~ 97); several millio juveiles of these species migrate to the estuary each sprig (Argue, Patterso ad Armstrog 979; Armstrog ad Argue 977, Lister, Walker ad Giles 97; Sparrow 98) Cocer i the 970's over effects of idustrial developmet o estuary habitat used by juveile salmo ids (Bell ad Kallma 97) led to research studies o several British Columbia estuaries, icludig the Cowicha. At the same time juveile chiook ad coho from the Cowicha ad Koksilah Rivers were coded-wire tagged to estimate ocea~ d~stributio ad catch by commercial ad recreatioal fisheries (Argue, Patterso ad Armstrog 979; Armstrog ad Argue 977). This report presets aalyses of distributio, abudace, duratio of residece, growth ad feedig for marked ad umarked juveile chiook ad coho foud o the Cowicha estuary ad i Cowicha Bay. Resul ts are also preseted for chiook ad coho juveiles caught at statios outside Cowicha Bay. Past estimates of juveile populatio size are reviewed. These results add to the growig literature (eg. Healey 980, 98; Levy ad Northcote 98; Reimers 97) o the importace of estuaries to growth ad survival of migrat juveile salmo.. ~dy. Desig Field studies were coducted betwee 97 ad 97 o the Cowicha estuary, o itertidal beaches ad i deeper water i Cowicha Bay, ad i deeper water outside Cowicha Bay. Juveiles were captured o the itertidal mudflat of the estuary, called the estuary flat (Figure ), with beach seie, tow et ad pole seie from Marc~ to August i 97, ad were captured with beach seie o itertidal beaches aroud the edge of

21 VI :::e : ::J 0.".. ce... VI ce... / z «., / «." z... / VI " ~~... / I' / / ~ I 'E D E I -'" z.~ I u ~ I I I 8 tlj. I,Q ' I.LI 0,IJJ..J 0 0 I -, I : /.. 0 I, '... II I :...),., [l... '. c:,/.: co ".., :.' ~-'... " ~ e..,.- eu " ~ "tl - 0 u. u Fig.. Boudaries of areas used for grouped samplig statios iside Cowieha Bay. Cowie ha Bay boudary idicated by solid lie.

22 J Fig.. Locatio map of the Cowicha ad Koksilah River systems showig juveile chiook ad coho taggig sites. Circles deote coho smolt taggig sites used i , triagles deote coho taggig sites used oly i 975; ad the cross is the chiook taggig site used i Source: Lister, Patterso ad Wallace (9Bl).

23 If Cowicha Bay from late April to late July i 975. Alog the delta frot or dropoff at the seaward edge of the estuary flat, juveiles were captured by tow et i 97. I deeper, earshore waters of Cowicha Bay, juveiles were captured by purse seie from early March to early September i 97, from early April to the ed of July i 975, ad from late May to late October i 97. Purse seiig also took place at various locatios outside Cowicha Bay (Figure ) durig Jue ad July i 975 ad from Jue to September i 97. Table shows the timig of samplig by each gear type. For the purpose of this study the samplig statios for purse seie ad beach seie have bee grouped ito four geeral areas: ) estuary flat ad earshore waters at the head of Cowicha Bay, desigated "head of bay, ) itertidal beaches ad earshore waters alog the edges of Cowicha Bay, desigated "edge of bay", ) deeper water desigated "middle of bay" ad 4) earshore waters "outside Cowicha Bay". All tow et ad pole seie samplig took place at the head of the bay. Figure shows boudaries for statio groupigs. Iside Cowicha Bay, all et gears were fished i a stadard maer at each statio, without regard for the presece of juveile salmo, so that catch per set could be assumed to measure relative abudace. Outside Cowicha Bay, the purse seie was seldom set uless juveiles were cosidered preset. Chiook ad coho juveiles were marked with coded-wire tags (Jefferts, Bergma ad Fiscus 9) ad adipose clips at several locatios i freshwater (coho) ad the estuary (chiook) (Figure ) betwee April ad July i 975 ad 97., Biological samples for size, age ad stomach cotet aalysis were collected from umarked (97 ad 975) ad marked (975 ad 97) juveiles. Adult returs of marked ad umarked chiook ad coho were eumerated betwee 97 ad 979 (Lister, Thorso ad Wallace 98). Estimates of commercial ad recreatioal catches of coded-wire tagged chiook ad coho were obtaied from prelimiary aalyses (Margaret Birch, pers. comm.) of data collected by Mark Recovery Programs i Caada (Ao 985, Argue 97) ad the Uited States.. Study Area The Cowicha River drais 84,000 hectares of watershed ad the Koksiah River drais 0,900 hectares (Lister, Thorso ad Wallace 98). These rivers, located o the east coast of souther Vacouver Islad, eter the ocea through Cowicha Bay at 'N, 0 4'w. Maximum flows occur durig witer moths. '['he average mea mothly flow (9-97), measured at

24 5... :.: :.. '..'.. w - '..'.. '. 0 (' -...' -. -,'.. " Sallsprig Islad,,' Vacouver,lad.. C\ :.~ Ch.,," ' ': Q " e '. ". '.. ',',.. :.:!'....' ;@)..,'.... PI "95 U',..,,' Fig.. The marie study statios outside area ad locatios of purse seie samplig of Cowicha Bay (circled alphaumeric codes).

25 the outlet to mothly flow 97) Cowicha Lake, was 45 m /sec, the maximum mea was 8m /sec i December 94 (Bell ad Kallma Little oceaographic data have bee collected i Cowicha Bay or o the estuary. Water samplig 08 Septe@ber 975 (Ao 980) showed saliities ragig from /00 to 0 /00 over mo~t of the l5stuary flat, ad surface saliities ragig from 4 /00 to /00 alog the estuary dropoff. At the M. V Laymore statio, approximately oe-half kilometer seaward from the dropoff, the saliity ad temperature profiles suggested a pycoclie at approximately two meters depth; there was a oxyge miimum at four meters depth..0 METHODS. Purse Seie The FV Roaa (OAL ft, 9.8 m ) was used i 97. (8 March to 5 September), 975 (9 April to 4 July) ad 97 (7 May to 8 October) to carry out purse seie samplig. The purse seie was 00 fathoms i legth by 8 fathoms i depth (8.9 x 4. m), ad cosisted of 5 fm of oe ich (5.4 mm) mesh, 50 fm of oe-half ich (.7 mm) mesh ad a 5 fm but of oe-quarter ich (.4 mm) mesh. Statios oe to five i 97, oe to eight i 975, ad oe to te i 97 (Figure 4) were usually fished at least oce per biweekly period. Statios.5 ad 4.5 at the head of the bay, ad statios.5 ad.5 (Skier Poit) aroud the perimeter of the bay were added i 97; these statios were ot sampled o a regular basis. Data for statios called "govermet wharf" ad "Texaco Float i the field records for 97 were assiged to statio three because of their close proximity to this statio. Table lists purse seie statio umbers that were combied i the aalyses ito "head of bay", "edge of bay" ad "middle of bay. Figure shows the locatio of purse seie statios outside Cowicha Bay. I Cowicha Bay, the purse seie was set durig the day, regardless of the stage of the tide, whe water depth o the souder was 8 fm (4. m). Statios ear the estuary drop-off ad aroud the perimeter of the bay were over slopig bottoms so that the et, oce set, could be i water that raged i depth from < m to >5 m. The two mid bay statios were i deep water (>5 fm, 45 m). All purse seie sets i Cowicha Bay were made without regard for visual or other evidece of the presece of salmo.

26 7....., 0 ', ",,,,,.... :..,... ;!"'y:',,, 'C " 0 :;:!! &. 4l \I) o ~ II,,,,, It) -d II ~ al Z «J: U 4,0- ~ I,., 8 o.' " >.., 0.: 0 " " C,, 0.': ~ '~ U o Fig. 4. Locatio of purse seie statios iside Cowicha Bay. Statios fished i 97 are idicated by diamods; statios fished i 975 ad 97 are idicated by circles; statios fished oly i 97 are idicated by squares.

27 8 Outside Cowicha Bay, purse seie sets were geerally made oly whe there was evidece of juveile salmo at the water surface or o the echo souder.. Beach Seie The beach seie that was used i 97 ad 975 was. fm (.44 m) i depth by 5 fm (7.4 m) i legth. The but of the et cosisted of 5 fm (9. m) of oe-quarter ich (.4 mm) mesh ettig, surrouded by wigs of oe-half ich (.7 mm) ettig. The beach seie was set from a outboard powered skiff except at statios.5,.5, 4.5 (ie. pole seie statios,, 4), ad 7.5 where the et was set by had. Beach seiig was carried out durig periods of high tide regardless of time of day. I 97, oe set;. was made at each statio (Figure 5) per two week samplig iterval except at statios.5,.5, 4.5 ad 7.5, which were oly occasioally fished. I 975, statios ad o the estuary flat ad statios, 8 to 4, ad 7 to 9 aroud the edge of the bay were added. Statios,, 4, 5 ad 7 were geerally fished oce or more every two weeks; statios ad were ot fished, ad statios 8 to 9 were oly occasioally fished betwee Jue 5 ad July 4. Table lists beach seie statio umbers that were combied ito "head of bay" ad "edge of bay".. Pole Seie ad Tow Net The pole seie was 8 ft (.4 m) log, 5 ft (.5 m) high ad the mesh size of the but was oe-quarter i (.4 mm). The dimesios of the tow et were legth ft (7 m), mouth ft (.5 m), ad the mesh size of the throat was.5 i (.8 cm) taperig to i (.5 cm) with a 0.5 i (.7 em) cod ed. Pole seiig was used at low tide i 97 to sample itertidal flood chaels at seve statios across the estuary flat (Figure ). Statios six ad seve were ot icluded o the figure because positios for these statios could ot be determied. Sta:tio was sampled at least oce every two weeks betwee mid~april ad the ed of July, remaiig pole seie statios were sampled o a irregular basis. Tow ettig was used at high tide i 97 to sample two locatios alog the estuary dropoff (statios ad 4) ad two itertidal flood chaels (statios ad ) o the estuary flat betwee the dropoff ad poits approximately two-thirds of the way towards the head of the estuary (Figure ). Tow ettig was. coducted oce every two weeks from the first week i April at

28 9, Vl : o «'" z,'" 'I '0.. ot-' 7... :'" '.Q.. " ". c.~ II 0 '';::!! o a. <Il V) E o ~ G 0 III,!O,..,, '.,.. :.' " >-, 0 :: m.: c: 'f 0 '..J:: " u.~ U o Fig. 5. Locatio of beach seie statios iside Cowicha Bay. fished i 97 are idicated by circles ad statios 975 are idicated by squares. Statio 9 i 975 Cherry poit, which is outside the map boudary. Statios fished i was ear

29 0 ~ ::J til Z <{ til..._...,,...,,-:...:.!. ". :... '...,:',., -7".' "'" , 'c " 0 '';: e o 0- Il> til 'E ~ Dl ~~ Z -«:r: u ~ 0 V 0 0,,, c: o..c u.~ U Fig.. Pole seie (circles) ad tow et (arrows) fished i 97. statios that were

30 statios ad, ad from the first week i May at statios ad 4. Tow ettig cotiued util the first week i August..4 Coded-wire Taggig ad Recovery.4. Juveile taggig ad recovery Coded-wire taggig (CWT) of figerlig chiook i 975 ad 97 (974. ad 975 brood years) took place from mid Jue to the first week of July o the orth side of Cowicha Bay, just seaward of the estuary dropoff ear the poit where the ma~ chael of the Cowicha River eters Cowicha Bay (Figure ). Coho smolts (97 brood) were tagged from mid April to mid Jue at three sites o the Cowicha River i 975 (Rotary Park, Cowicha Side Chael, Pastuch Creek), ad at the same three sites i 97 (974 brood) as well as at Mesachie Creek, which drais ito Cowicha Lake, ad at Kelvi Creek o the Koksilah River (Figure ). Armstrog ad Argue (977) ad Argue, Patterso ad Armstrog (979) describe juveile taggig ad eumeratio methods. Coho released at each taggig site carried several tag codes; chiook carried oly oe code each year. Table presets the umbers of juveiles that were tagged ad released from each of the sites, the tag codes, ad the average size of tagged fish at time of taggig. At three of the freshwater taggig sites (Rotary Park, Mesachie Creek, Kelvi Creek),coho smolts carried CWT codes deotig migratio timig. I the secod to last colum of the table, early" refers to fish that were tagged before the date whe approximately 50 percet of dowstream migrats had bee eumerated (betwee 7 ad 4 May), "late" refers to fish tagged after this date, ad "total" refers to groups of smolts for which the same tag code was used throughout the taggig period. The "upper", "middle" ad "lower" desigatios refer to distaces from the estuary (lower meas closest to the estuary). The total catch of juveile chiook ad coho by beach seie ad purse seie i 975 ad 97 was examied for fish missig the adipose fi. Most of these fish were retaied for later readig of biary codes o the CWTs ad for biological measuremets...4. Adult recovery ad eumeratio Estimated catches of coded-wire tagged adults by commercial ad recreatioal fisheries were based o data from Caadia ad U.S. Mark Recovery Programs. Catch estimates based

31 o these data are cosidered prelimiary ad are from a report prepared by Aquatic Resources Limited i 984 for the Departmet of Fisheries ad Oceas (Margaret Birch, pers. comm.). Data sources for estimated catches of Cowicha CWT codes, as described i the Aquatic Resources report, were: ) for Caadia commercial fisheries- published reports ad prelimiary reports of the Caadia Mark Recovery Program (recoveries from "combied" catch areas were excluded), ) for Caadia recreatioal fisheriesobserved CWT recoveries from the above sources, iflated by "awareess factors" of 0.5 for coho ad 0.58 for chiook (The awareess factor is the ratio of adipose clipped salmo tured i volutarily to the total umber of marks i the catch), ) for U.S. fisheries- a upublished Departmet of Fisheries ad Oceas report o wild stock taggig programs, ad from reports by the U.S. Regioal Mark Processig Ceter. Based o a recet aalysis (Palermo 985 MS), the awareess factors used here are too low, hece catch estimates from the Aquatic Resources report may be overestimated. Lister, Thorso ad Wallace (98) described the mark recovery ad eumeratio program for adult chiook ad coho that retured to the Cowicha ad Koksilah Rivers to spaw. They provided estimates of the retur of marked ad umarked spawers, of the survival of juveiles to adult retur, ad of post liberatio CWT loss. Estimates of adult retur were based o Peterso tag ad recapture ad visual couts from a eumeratio tower. Estimates of marks i the adult retur were calculated from the product of the icidece of marks i samples of adults that were holdig ear the estuary dropoff ad the estimates of adult retur..5 Biological Samplig of Juveile Salmo I 97 ad 975, a maximum of te chiook ad te coho from each set were preserved i 0 percet formali for later laboratory measuremet of size (fork legth ad wet weight) ad stomach cotet. I 97, oly marked chiook ad coho were retaied for biological samplig. The size samplig data reported i this paper are from marked chiook.ad coho juveiles that were sampled i 975 ad 97. Size samplig data from umarked juveiles were either usuitable (97) or uavailable (975) for aalysis. Scale samples were take from 8 marked chiook ad 79 marked coho i 975; scale samples were ot take i 97 or 97. Stomach samples from 0 chiook ad 505 coho i 97,

32 ad from 0 marked chiook ad 97 marked coho i 97 were aalyzed for stomach cotet. Stomach cotet data from marked chiook ad 8 marked coho i 975 have bee lost. The wet weight of the stomach ad cotets was recorded ad the the cotets were idetified to the lowest possible taxoomic level. Each prey species or taxo was assiged a uique alphaumeric code. The diet item represeted by some of the 97 codes could ot be located, these codes are idetified by questio marks i the tables. For each taxoomic category, the umber of orgaisms withi oe millimeter legth itervals was recorded.. Data Aalysis Catch ad effort data were obtaied from the field record sheets. However, i 97 there were chages to the field idetificatios of salmo species, based o corroboratig idetificatios completed i the laboratory. The lab data, available i summary form (Dave Barrett, pers. comm.), were used to correct records of coho fry ad chiook juveiles obtaied from field sheets. The desigatio coho" o field records for beach seie, pole seie ad tow et sets was assumed to refer to age O. coho fry; o purse seie records, "coho was assumed to refer to age. coho "smolts".l All chiook juveiles were assumed to be age O. based o ageig results i Argue, Patterso ad Armstrog (979) ad i Armstrog ad Argue (977). I tables presetig pole seie, tow et ad beach seie catches, coho are referred to as either coho fry or coho smolts, sice these desigatios idetify fish from separate brood years. "Grilse" chiook caught by purse seie were assumed to be age 0. ad grilse coho were assumed to be age.. Grilse have completed oe witer i the ocea; they have bee excluded from all aalyses. Data from field record sheets (catch by species, gear type, statio ad date) were etered ad aalysed usig the spreadsheet program (Lotus l-- ). A relatioal database maagemet system (DBase IIITM) was used to store ad aalyse data from each sampled fish (stomach cotets, size, tag code, recapture gear, date ad statio). 97 stomach sample data were available oly i summarized form (Dave Barrett, pers. comm.).. The Europea method of age desigatio as recommeded by Koo (9) is used i this report; the umber of witers the fish spet i freshwater is oted to the left of the dot ad the umber of witers the fish spet i saltwater is oted to the right of the dot.

33 4.. Relatiye abudace ad distributio Catch per uit effort chages i relative abudace of was a sigle set of a particular were either biweekly, mothly rela t i ve abudace aalyses we re there was o samplig effort recoveries of fish that were locatios. (CPUE) was assumed to measure juveiles. The" uit of effort samplig geaq samplig per iods or bimothly. Excluded from recoveries of marks for which or umarked catch data, ad coded-wire tagged at other For relative abudace aalyses usig CWTs, the umbers of recoveries of a particular code or group of codes was adjusted to a stadard umber of tag releases (5,000) to facilitate comparisos amogst tag codes. The adjusted umber of recoveries was equal to CWT recoveries for a particular code (s) times 5,000 divided by the umber of releases for the particular code (s) The distributios of CWTs (uadjusted) were aalysed usig multi-way G-tests of idepedece (Sokal ad Rohlf 99)... Chage i size Regressio aalysis, aalysis of variace ad t-tests were used to compare legths of marked chiook ad coho amogst grouped samplig statios, samplig periods ad locatios of release (coho oly). Fish i their first ocea year that were tagged at locatios other tha Cowicha-Koksilah (0 of 0 CWT recoveries) were icluded i most of the size aalyses. Legths from preserved fish were ot corrected for the small amout of shrikage (-%) expected from preservatio i formali (parker 9).. Stomach cotets Four commoly used idices that provide iformatio o predator feedig behavior were used i this study; umerical percetage, frequecy of occurrece, weight percetage, ad the idex of relative importace (Pikas, Oliphat ad Iverso 97). Table 4 presets defiitios of each idex. Stomach cotets data i 97 were compared betwee time periods ad grouped samplig statios usig these idices. All marked fish i their first ocea year were icluded i the 97 aalyses. The 97 stomach data were available for chiook ad coho oly i weight percetage for two week time periods ad

34 5 groups of diet orgaisms, ad i weight percetage for idividual diet orgaisms summed over samplig periods. Samples take by each gear type had bee combied i the summary tables. I 97, wet weight of stomach cotets was estimated from prey cout ad legth measuremet data. Regressios of prey legth o prey wet weight were available for may of the diet items (Fulto 98; ad upublished data from Bev Kask ad Tom Brow, pers. comm.). Table 5 lists regressio parameters for the equatios that were used i this study to estimate weight of stomach cotets. The umbers of each orgaism withi oe millimeter itervals of legth were coverted to wet weight usig these formulae. Some orgaisms were ot represeted by the available legth-weight formulae ad the followig relatioships were assumed for these orgaisms. Polychaetes were coverted usig a formula for "trochophore larvae ad polychaetes". Regressios for mysids, copepods, isopods ad euphausiids were assumed to apply to the idividual species i these taxa. Two geera of hype rid amphipods (PrimQ ad Hyperoche) ad the category uidetifi.ed hyperids" were coverted to weights usig the formula for Parathemisto, also a hyperid amphipod. Jassa, a geus of gammarid amphipod, was assumed to be represeted by the formula for the gammarid Corophium. Caprellid amphipods are similar i morphology to hypedd amphipods, so caprellids were coverted usig the formula for Parathemisto. Megalops larvae of decapods were assumed to be represeted by the formula for zoea larvae; however, it ispoted that the morphologies of the two larval forms are very differet. Three coversio formulae were available for isects: oe formula for chiroomid larvae ad two formulae for isects of uspecified classificatio that were sampled i May ad Jue. Regressio parameters for the latter two formulae differed greatly: May, a = , b =.; Jue, a = 0., b =.047. The Jue formula was used sice stomach samples i this study were collected from Jue owards. Arachids were coverted to wet weight usig the Jue isect formula. Stomach cotets were combied i two ways, by habitat ad by taxoomic categories. The data for 97 samplig periods were available oly by habitat group (marie zooplakto, larval ad juveile fishes, estuarie bethic orgaisms, larvae of bethos, various eggs,. isects). The 97 diet items withi these groups are listed i Appedix Table 7. To allow compariso of 97 ad 97 data, 97 data were orgaized by habitat group (Appedix Table 8). 97 data were also aalyzed py taxoomic group (polychaetes, copepods, amphipods, euphausiids, decapods, isects, herrig).

35 .0 RESULTS. Total Catch A total of,007 chiook ad 7,59 coho were captured o the Cowicha estuary ad i Cowicha Bay durig three years of samplig (Table ). Most of these (-99%) were juveiles i their first ocea year. Four percet of the coho were fry ad 95 percet were smolts. Pole seiig o the estuary flat produced the lowest catches ( chiook juveiles ad 4 coho fry); purse seiig at the head ad edges of the bay accouted for 9 percet of the total catch (0,78 chiook ad 7,07 coho). Appedix Tables to 7 preset the daily catch results for each species, gear type, statio ad year. A additioal,80 chiook ad,750 coho (99% first ocea year fish) were captured by purse seie at statios outside Cowicha Bay i 975 ad 97. Appedix Tables 8 ad 9 preset these daily catch results. Table 7 shows the catch i Cowicha Bay of species other tha chiook ad coho salmo. Twety-seve species were idetified from samplig hauls for which field records were available. Pacific herrig accouted for 90 percet of the o-salmo catch; most herrig were take by purse seie. Other commo species were chum salmo fry, threespie stickleback ad shier perch.. I. Recovery of Marked Fish Durig 975 ad 97 samplig years, 8,57 chiook ad,55 coho were examied for missig adipose fis (marked fish) (Table 8). Seie gear accouted for 7 of a total of 70 mark recaptures. Table 8 excludes fish i their secod ocea year ad marked fish for which field records were missig. I 975, field crews retured oly a portio (78%) of the catch of marked fish to the laboratory for examiatio for coded-wire tags. I 97, all marked fish were supposed to have bee retured to the laboratory, however, laboratory records could ot be located for seve marked coho ad oe marked chiook that were recorded o the field sheets (see foototes to Appedix Tables 8, 7 ad 9). Table 8 presets the percetages of marks retured to the laboratory ad that were foud to have tags. Overall, 9 percet of adipose clipped chiook ad. 8 percet of adipose clipped coho cotaied coded-wire tags. Tags from stocks other tha Cowicha (Table 9) accouted for less tha three percet of first ocea year chiook ad coho that carried CWTs.. I

36 7.. Chiook Appedix Tables 0 ad list recovery iformatio (tag code, statio, date, fork legth ad wet weight) for 975 ad 97 chiook mark recoveries. The appedix tables iclude tagged chiook additioal to the 97 chiook with CWTs oted i Table 8. The additioal fish were either from differet brood years, or were fish for which field records of catch ad effort had bee lost. Two chiook, recaptured i 975, apparetly carried coho tags. They have bee treated as tagged 974 brood chiook i all aalyses o the basis of their small size at time of recapture, ad their idetificatio as chiooks by the field crew. The seve.chiook CWTs listed i Table 9 were the oly recoveries of o-study area chiook durig 975 ad 97 surveys. Tag codes for most of these fish were ot available from laboratory records, but taggig locatios ad additioal tag release iformatio were usually recorded. The chiooks released from Portage Bay Washigto ad from Capilao hatchery that were recovered i May ad Jue of 975, were assumed to be age 0. fish from the 97 brood year o the basis of their relatively large size at time of recapture (>00 mm). The Deschutes Washigto fish that was 4 mm whe recovered o 5 July 97 was recorded o the laboratory records as beig from the 974 brood, ad so was also assumed to be age 0.. Two chiook cotaied either misread or ukow tag codes (the laboratory records cotaied a questio mark ext to the tag codes) The chiook t\at was recovered o 0 August 97 was apparetly carryig a tag code for chiook released from Capilao hatchery i Jue 97. However, the recapture size of this fish was too small for it to have bee from the 97 brood; more likely the CWT was misread. Thus, of the seve recover ies of o-study area chiook, oly the Capilao hatchery chiook released o 7 Jue ad recovered o October appears to have migrated to Cowicha Bay withi six moths of release... CQhQ Appedix Tables ad list the 975 ad 97 coho mark recoveries. Appedix Table icludes 7 coded-wire tagged coho additioal to the total of 0 CWTs oted i Table 8. There were o field records of catch ad effort for these 7 fish. All of the coho recovered i 975 ad 97 with o-study area tags were likely age. coho from 97 ad 974 brood years

37 8 based o their size at recapture (Table 9). Four of the eight o-study area fish would appear to have migrated to Cowicha Bay from orther Puget Soud hatcheries withi three moths of release. The Capilao f ish that was recovered i Maple Bay (statio BIO) o May was apparetly part of a tagged group that was released oe year earlier i Jue 974. The remaiig three o-study area coho were recovered outside Cowicha Bay withi three moths of release. No-study area coho accouted for.9 percet of the age. coho with CWTs caught i Cowicha Bay, ad.0 percet of the age. cohos with CWTs caught outside Cowicha Bay.. Survival of CWT Fish Table 0 presets prelimiary estimates of commercial ad recreatioal catch (Margaret Birch, pers. comm.), escapemet (Lister, Thorso ad Wallace 979), ad survival from release to catch ad escapemet, for selected groups of tagged coho ad for both groups of tagged chiook. These data are preseted to assist with iterpretatio of relative abudace data. The lower river mark group uder the headig "Locatio of Release" icludes coho smolts tagged at Rotary Park o the Cowicha River, ad at Kelvi Cre,ek o the Koksilah River. These taggig locatios were withi five kilometers of the Cowicha estuary. The upper river group icludes releases from Mesachie Creek which drais ito Cowicha Lake ad is approximately 50 km upriver from the estuary. Lower ad upper river releases were divided ito early ad late release groups, that is releases before ad after approximately May. Further tag release iformatio is preseted i Table. I Table 0 the estimate~ umber of mark releases that carried adipose clips ad CWTs (Ad-CWT) was obtaied by multiplyig the umbers of marks released by the estimates of tag retetio obtaied from returig adults captured by purse seie i Cowicha Bay (Lister, Thorso ad Wallace 98). Their estimates took ito accout fish that lost their adipose fi from atural causes, ad the 0 day period after taggig whe 90 percet of tag loss is thought to occur (Blakeship 98). I 975, the highest survival rate to catch ad escapemet,.5 percet, was for lower river coho smolts released with CWTs early i 975. Based o Chi-square, these coho smolts survived at a higher rate (P<O.Ol) tha did the late release coho smolts (9.%) from the lower Cowicha. I 97, survival rates for late aq' early release coho from lower river sites did ot differ (P>0.05), but early release

38 9 smolts from upriver sites had sigificatly (P<O.Ol) survival (.9%) tha did late release smolts (8.%) from sites. Lower river coho smolts survived at a higher rate (.%) tha did upper river smolts (0.8%) (P<O.Ol). higher upriver overall (P<O.Ol) marked i Lower river coho survival (.%) 97 (.%). smol ts marked i 975 had a higher tha did lower river coho smolts, CWT chiook had much lower survival to catch ad escapemet tha did CWT coho. Survival was similar for releases i 975 ad 97 (.0% for 974 brood ad.% for 975 brood)..4 Juveile Chiook.4. Distributio ad Timig.4.. Estuary fl t Juveile chiook were caught by beach seie at statios o the estuary flat from April through to the last two weeks of July (Table ). Peak' catch per set occurred durig the first two weeks of Jue. Juveile chiook were caught by tow et i the estuary chaels ad just seaward of the dropoff from mid May through to the ed of samplig o 7 August (Appedix Table ). Highest tow et catches occurred o Jue ad catches at statio 4 remaied high util the ed of samplig. Movemet of juveile chiook from the estuary flat to itertidal areas aroud the edges of Cowicha Bay did ot take place util Jue, based o beach seie CPUE (Table )..4.. Head. edge ad outside Cowicha Bay Tables ad preset chiook CPUE by purse seie, by two week iterval, for head of Cowicha Bay, edge of Cowicha Bay, ad outside Cowicha Bay statios (see Figures ad 4 for statio locatios). Figure 7 presets bi-weekly catch per set data for each area ad year. Chiook CPUE peaked duri9 the last two weeks of Jue i 975 at head (5/set) ad edge (40/set) of bay statios. I 97, whe oly head of bay statios were sampled by purse seie, peak CPUE was much higher (5/set) ad occurred durig the first two weeks of July. High CPUE (9-/set) cotiued i 97 through the first two weeks i September. I 97, chiook CPUE was much lower tha i 97 ad 975; as well, peak CPUE (4/set) did ot occur at the head of

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