Proceedings of the World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, 11.36
|
|
- Ami Shepherd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The importance of MSTN for harness racing performance in the Norwegian- Swedish Coldblooded Trotter and the Finnhorse BD Velie 1, L Bas Conn 1, K Petäjistö 1, KH Røed 2, CF Ihler 3, E Strand 3, KJ Fegraeus 1, G Lindgren 1 1 Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 2 Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 3 Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway Summary Understanding the application of genomic studies of complex performance traits across breeds is needed in order to accurately evaluate the relevance of performance genes in specific populations. In the Nordic countries, apart from the Standardbred, there are two additional breeds of harness racing horses - the Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded trotter (CBT) and the Finnhorse (FH). While both breeds compete under similar conditions and rules of racing as Standardbreds, the unique heavy horse origins of CBTs and FHs suggests that the effects and relative importance of the myostatin gene (MSTN) in these breeds may differ from other racing breeds. Thus, three SNPs within MSTN were genotyped in 481 CBTs and 223 FHs. Subsequent association analyses between each variant and racing performance traits were then carried out using the statistical software R. Significant associations were present between one MSTN variant and two performance traits in FHs. However, no other significant associations were apparent in either breed. MSTN variants evaluated do not appear to impact the racing performance of the modern CBT, but perhaps play a significant role in the performance of FHs. Keywords: racehorse, genetic, Coldblooded trotter, Finnhorse Introduction Variants in the myostatin (MSTN) gene have been reported in certain horse racing breeds as predictive of genetic potential and athletic phenotype (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011; Dall Olio et al., 2014). In Thoroughbreds (TB), not only has a MSTN gene variant been described as the best predictor of distance aptitude, but additional variants in the gene have been associated with performance rank and lifetime earnings (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011). To date, the majority of information connected with the racing performance effects of MSTN in horses has predominantly focused on TBs (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011; Petersen et al., 2014). While the knowledge gained from the study of this gene in TBs is assuredly valuable, the advantages gained from certain gene variants may not be consistent or even significant across racing breeds, particularly when comparing gallop racing breeds to harness racing breeds. Therefore, it is vital to contextualize within each racing breed the importance of these genes as well as other genes associated with racing performance.
2 In the Nordic countries, there are three distinct breeds of harness racing horses - the globally popular Standardbred trotter (SB) and the nationally popular Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded trotter (CBT) and Finnhorse (FH). Competing under similar conditions and rules, but in breed specific races, it is possible that the effects and relative importance of MSTN are the same across the three breeds. However, contrary to SBs, the CBT and the FH originate from heavy horse breeds (Hendricks, 2007). These unique heavy horse origins suggest that similarities between these three harness racing breeds may in fact be limited (Hendricks, 2007). With this in mind, the current study investigates the effects of MSTN on racing performance in the CBT and the FH. In doing so, we aim to assist not only the Nordic harness racing industry, but the global racing industry as a whole to better understand the relevance of MSTN for racing performance across breeds. Materials and methods Hair and/or blood samples for 486 CBT born between 2000 and 2010 were provided by the CBT pedigree registration authorities in Norway (Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) and Sweden (Animal Genetics Laboratory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences). Hair samples for 223 FH born between 1981 and 2011 were collected via personal contacts and online postings. Genomic DNA was extracted from hair and blood samples using standard hair and blood preparation procedures. Three SNPs (ECA18: g g>t [PR8604], g c>t [PR3737] and g a>g [PR5826]) within MSTN were genotyped using Custom TaqMan Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems). Racing performance Racing performance results and breeding values, as of 31 December 2015 for CBT and 31 December 2016 for FH, were provided by the Swedish Trotting Association, the Norwegian Trotting Association, and the Finnish Trotting and Breeding Association. Cumulative earnings were calculated as the total amount of prize money a horse had earned as of 31 December 2015 for CBT and 31 December 2016 for FH. Earnings per start was calculated as the average amount of prize money earned per race start. Earnings details for the majority of CBT were provided in Swedish currency (SEK). However, for CBT with earnings in Norwegian currency (NOK) earnings were converted to SEK based on the estimated average exchange rate of 0.95 SEK/NOK from 2003 to 2016 (EUROINVESTOR, 2016). Concerning the FH, cumulative earnings and earnings per race start were calculated in euros (EUR). The number of wins was calculated as the total number of times in which a horse finished a race in first place. The number of placings was calculated as the number of times in which a horse finished a race in first, second, or third place. The number of times a horse was not ranked was calculated as the total number of races in which a horse failed to finish in the top 3 positions. Frequencies were calculated as the proportion of total races in which a horse won, placed, or was not ranked. Race times for two different starting methods, volt-start and auto-start, were included in the study. Volt-start is a starting method in which the horses start in pens that dispose 20 metres of volt space and trot in a circular pattern to then hit the starting line as a group. Auto-start is a starting method where a car is used to set the starting line. The car is placed 260 (CBT) or 350
3 (FH) metres before the start line and gradually increases the speed so it hits the start line at 52 km/hr (Swedish Trotting Association, 2016; Finnish Trotting and Breeding Association, 2017). Race times for each horse are recorded for each race and measured as average time per kilometer. Best race times for each horse were defined as the lowest one km time from each of the respective starting methods. Data analysis Data were structured for analyses using custom scripts written in the statistical software R (R Development Core Team, 2015). Horses that were not successfully genotyped (n = 5 CBT; n = 5 FH) for all three SNPs were excluded from the study. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the genotyped SNPs was evaluated using the R package SNPassoc (González et al., 2007). Normality of each racing performance trait was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Traits that were not normally distributed were log-transformed (log 10 ) for all analyses. Horses with no races using auto-start (n=166 CBT, n=36 FH) or volt-start (n=19 CBT, n=3 FH) were excluded from all analyses concerning the corresponding starting method. Fixed effects and covariates for the racing performance traits were assessed with ANOVA Type 3. With the exception of EBV analyses, these factors included sex and birth year. Only significant fixed effects and covariates (P<0.05) were retained in the final models. The SNPassoc package in R was used for all SNP association analyses. The package can be used to perform both whole genome association studies as well as associations with only one SNP. Using a general linear model, traits can be adjusted for fixed effects and covariates and, when applicable, the association with the SNP is tested under five different modes of inheritance: codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive (González et al., 2007). Results 481 CBTs, representing offspring from 109 sires and 431 dams, were successfully genotyped for all three SNPs. Genotype frequencies are presented in Figure 1. All SNPs deviated from HWE. Summary statistics for the racing performance traits are presented in Table 1. Concerning the FH, 218 horses representing offspring from 83 sires and 200 dams were successfully genotyped for all three SNPs. Genotype frequencies are also presented in Figure 1. All SNPs deviated from HWE. Summary statistics for the racing performance traits are presented in Table 2. Fixed effects and covariates included in the final models are listed with p-values in Table 3. Significant associations were present between one MSTN variant [PR3737] and two performance traits in FHs. No other significant associations were present (Table 4). Discussion The relatively recent expansion of genomic research to complex performance traits in horses requires rigorous investigation into the application of results across breeds (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011; Dall Olio et al., 2014; Petersen et al., 2014; Rama et al., 2016). With this in mind, the current study was performed to provide insight into the effect and potential relevance of a well-known racing performance gene for the CBT and FH breeds. While multiple studies have shown a clear link between MSTN and racing performance in TBs, the results of the current study provide no evidence of a significant association between MSTN and racing performance in
4 the CBT (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011). However, some support pertaining to the importance of MSTN for racing performance in FHs was apparent. Additionally, allele frequencies and a major deviation from HWE for two of the MSTN variants investigated suggest what may be a gradual move towards fixation of the T allele, the allele associated with stamina in TBs (Hill et al., 2010; Tozaki et al., 2011). Similar moves towards fixation have also been suggested in SBs and Spanish Trotters, perhaps indicating a greater emphasis on endurance rather than explosiveness in harness racing breeds (Dall Olio et al., 2014; Petersen et al., 2014; Rama et al., 2016). Given the conditions and distances in which CBTs and FHs race, explosiveness is unlikely to provide a competitive advantage and, considering the relationship between the C allele and Type 2B muscle fibres, may in fact impede a harness racing horse s overall ability to perform at an elite level (Hill et al., 2010; Petersen et al., 2014). Nevertheless, this is only one possible explanation for the observed allele frequencies and cannot be stated with certainty without additional exploration. References Dall Olio, S., E. Scotti, L. Fontanesi & M. Tassinari, Analysis of the 227 bp short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertion of the promoter of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in different horse breeds. Veter Ital Ser 50, EUROINVESTOR, Omvandlare. Available: [ ] Finnish Trotting and Breeding Association, Available: [ ] González, J.R., L. Armengol, X. Solé, E. Guíno, J.M. Mercader, X. Estivill & V. Moreno, SNPassoc: an R package to perform whole genome association studies. Bioinformatics 23, Hendricks, B.L., International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Hill, E.W., B.A. McGivney, J. Gu, R. Whiston & D.E. MacHugh, A genome-wide SNPassociation study confirms a sequence variant (g c>t) in the equine myostatin (MSTN) gene as the most powerful predictor of optimum racing distance for Thoroughbred racehorses. BMC Genomics 11, 552. Petersen, J.L., S.J. Valberg, J.R. Mickelson & M.E. McCue, Haplotype diversity in the equine myostatin gene with focus on variants associated with race distance propensity and muscle fiber type proportions. Anim Genet 45, R Development Core Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria Rama, S.N., M. Valera, A. Membrillo, M.D. Gomez, M. Sole, A. Menendez-Buxadera, G. Anaya & A. Molina, Quantitative analysis of short- and long-distance racing performance in young and adult horses and association analysis with functional candidate genes in Spanish Trotter horses. J Anim Breed Genet doi: /jbg The Swedish Trotting Association, Avelsindex. Available: [ ] Tozaki, T., E.W. Hill, K. Hirota, H. Kakoi, H. Gamahara, T. Miyake, S. Sugita, T. Hasegawa, N. Ishida, Y. Nakano & M. Kurosawa, A cohort study of racing performance in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses using genome information on ECA18. Anim Genet 43,
5 Figure 1. Genotype frequencies of MSTN variants in a sample of raced Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded trotters (n=481) and Finnhorses (n=218). 1 MSTN_5826 = ECA18: g a>g [PR5826]; MSTN_8604 = g g>t [PR8604]; MSTN_3737 = g c>t [PR3737] 2 CBT = Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded trotter; FH = Finnhorse
6 Table 1. Descriptive results of cumulative earnings, number of race starts, earnings per race start, number of wins, number of placings, race times, and estimated breeding values (EBV) for the sample of Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded trotters. Min 25th percentile Median Mean 75th percentile Max Number of race starts Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Number of wins Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Number of placings Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Best auto-start time (seconds/km) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Best volt-start time (seconds/km) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Cumulative earnings (SEK) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Earnings/race start Total sample Intact males Females Geldings EBV Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Includes one cryptorchid
7 Table 2. Descriptive results of cumulative earnings, number of race starts, earnings per race start, number of wins, number of placings, race times, and estimated breeding values (EBV) for the sample of Finnhorses. Min 25th percentile Median Mean 75th percentile Max Number of race starts Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Number of wins Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Number of placings Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Best auto-start time (seconds/km) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Best volt-start time (seconds/km) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Cumulative earnings (EUR) Total sample Intact males Females Geldings Earnings/race start Total sample Intact males Females Geldings EBV Total sample Intact males Females Geldings
8 Table 3. P-values resulting from the ANOVA assessment of potential fixed effects and covariates 1. Trait Sex Birthyear Country of registration Number of starts Cumulative earnings Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters Number of race starts < < Number of wins < < Frequency of wins < Number of placings < < Frequency of placings < Number of races not ranked < < Frequency of race not ranked Best auto-start time (seconds/km) < < < < Best volt-start time (seconds/km) < < Cumulative earnings (SEK) < Earnings/race start < < Estimated breeding value Finnhorses Number of race starts < < Number of wins < < Frequency of wins < Number of placings < < Frequency of placings < Number of races not ranked < < Frequency of race not ranked < Best auto-start time (seconds/km) < < < Best volt-start time (seconds/km) < < < Cumulative earnings (EUR) < < < Earnings/race start < Estimated breeding value indicates a fixed effect or covariate that was not included in the analysis
9
10 MSTN_ Table 4. Final model p-values for the association analyses between MSTN gene variants and harness racing performance traits. Number of race starts Number of wins Frequency of wins Number of placings Frequency of placings Number of races not ranked Frequency of not ranked Best autostart time 2 Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotters Best voltstart time Cumulative earnings Earnings/race start Codominant MSTN_ Codominant MSTN_ Codominant Dominant Recessive Overdominant Log-Additive MSTN_ Finnhorses Codominant Dominant Recessive Overdominant Log-Additive MSTN_ Codominant Dominant Recessive Overdominant Log-Additive MSTN_ Codominant Dominant EBV
11 Recessive Overdominant Log-Additive MSTN_5826 = ECA18: g a>g [PR5826]; MSTN_8604 = g g>t [PR8604]; MSTN_3737 = g c>t [PR3737] 2 - indicates possible modes of inheritance that were unable to be tested due to insufficient variation in the genotypes available for this trait
The role of Myostatin polymorphisms in the Finnhorse and Shetland pony breeds
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences The role of Myostatin polymorphisms in the Finnhorse and Shetland pony breeds Laura Bas Conn Degree Project in Animal Science A2E / Swedish University
More informationAdvances in equine genetics
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Advances in equine genetics Author : Charlotte Maile Categories : Equine, Vets Date : October 17, 2016 Coloured horse breeders
More informationTest Results Summary. Owner: Darby Dan Farm 8 th Nov Distance Plus (USA) v1.0. Distance Plus (SAF) v1.0. Distance Plus (ANZ) v1.
Test Results Summary Owner: Darby Dan Farm 8 th Nov 2017 Sample ID Horse Name Sire Dam Sex Year of Birth Speed Gene Test (ANZ) (EU) (USA) (SAF) Dirt V Turf Elite Performance Test v3.1 Inbreeding Value
More informationExamining the racing performance and longevity in the Hungarian Thoroughbred population
Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2018, 19(4), p.912-917 Examining the racing performance and longevity in the Hungarian Thoroughbred population Árpád BOKOR*, Helga LUKÁCS, Julianna BOKOR, István
More informationExplore the basis for including competition traits in the genetic evaluation of the Icelandic horse
Elsa Albertsdóttir The Swedish Agricultural University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Uppsala Explore the basis for including competition traits
More informationOccasionally white fleeced Ryeland sheep will produce coloured fleeced lambs.
Genetic Testing Service available for Members Occasionally white fleeced Ryeland sheep will produce coloured fleeced lambs. The Society offers members a genetic testing service, carried out by Cardiff
More informationThe DMRT3 Gait keeper mutation affects performance of Nordic and Standardbred trotters 1
The DMRT3 Gait keeper mutation affects performance of Nordic and Standardbred trotters 1 K. Jäderkvist,* 2 L. S. Andersson,* 2,3 A. M. Johansson,* T. Árnason, S. Mikko,* S. Eriksson,* L. Andersson,* 3,4
More informationThe importance of the DMRT3 mutation on riding traits and gaits in Standardbred and Nordic trotters
The importance of the DMRT3 mutation on riding traits and gaits in Standardbred and Nordic trotters Kim Jäderkvist Fegraeus Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal Breeding and
More informationSynchroGait. Text: Lisa S. Andersson, Capilet Genetics and Kim Jäderkvist, Swedish University of agricultural Sciences (SLU).
SynchroGait Learn about your horse s natural ability for different gaits Get help from the DNA-test SynchroGait to learn about your horse s genetic potential for gaits. The test is very easy to use and
More informationA cohort study of racing performance in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses using genome information on ECA18
doi:1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02201.x A cohort study of racing performance in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses using genome information on ECA18 T. Tozaki*, E. W. Hill, K. Hirota*, H. Kakoi, H. Gawahara, T.
More informationPolymorphism in myostatin gene and athletic performance in Nordic horse breeds
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Polymorphism in myostatin gene and athletic performance in Nordic horse breeds Agnese Viluma Examensarbete
More informationFirst results on genomic selection in French show-jumping horses
EAAP 2012 First results on genomic selection in French show-jumping horses A. Ricard 1,3, S. Danvy 3, A. Legarra 2 1 Biologie Intégrative et Génétique Equine, UMR 1313 GABI, INRA 2 Station d amélioration
More informationSeptember Population analysis of the Finnish Spitz breed
Population analysis of the Finnish Spitz breed Genetic analysis of the Kennel Club pedigree records of the UK Finnish Spitz population has been carried out with the aim of estimating the rate of loss of
More informationEBVS are LESSONS FROM THE ASBP / 2. EBVs of Bulls Entered in the ASBP have provided a reliable Prediction of the Performance of their Progeny
EBVS are EBVs of Bulls Entered in the ASBP have provided a reliable Prediction of the Performance of their Progeny The Angus Sire Benchmarking Program (ASBP) has demonstrated that there is great potential
More informationGenetic analyses of the Franches-Montagnes horse breed with genome-wide SNP data
Photo: M. Rindlisbacher Genetic analyses of the Franches-Montagnes horse breed with genome-wide SNP data H. Hasler 1, C. Flury 1, B. Haase 2, D. Burger 3, C.Stricker 4, H. Simianer 5, T. Leeb 2, S. Rieder
More informationGenetics Discussion for the American Black Hereford Association. David Greg Riley Texas A&M University
Genetics Discussion for the American Black Hereford Association David Greg Riley Texas A&M University Topics Managing Genetic Defects in Cattle Populations Contemporary Groupings Data Collection and Reporting
More informationThe Irish Sport Horse Studbook Genetic Evaluation Report 2015
The Irish Sport Horse Studbook Genetic Evaluation Report 2015 The Irish Sport Horse Studbook Genetic Evaluation Report 2015 An extract from the Irish Sport Horse Studbook Stallion Book The Irish Sport
More informationSeptember Population analysis of the Portuguese Water Dog breed
Population analysis of the Portuguese Water Dog breed Genetic analysis of the Kennel Club pedigree records of the UK Portuguese Water Dog population has been carried out with the aim of estimating the
More informationGenetics and Punnett Squares
Name: Class: Date: Genetics and Punnett Squares Introduction The results of crossing two individuals can be predicted by making a Punnett square. At the top of the square, the two possible alleles from
More informationUnderstanding Genetics
Understanding Genetics INDEX Understanding genetics 3 Carrier mating disease risks 5 While this booklet focuses on cattle as an example, this information is useful for all species. DNA is essential to
More informationFruit Fly Exercise 1- Level 1
Name StarGenetics Fruit Fly Exercise 1- Level 1 Description of StarGenetics In this exercise you will use StarGenetics, a software tool that simulates mating experiments, to analyze the nature and mode
More informationSeptember Population analysis of the Dogue De Bordeaux breed
Population analysis of the Dogue De Bordeaux breed Genetic analysis of the Kennel Club pedigree records of the UK Dogue De Bordeaux population has been carried out with the aim of estimating the rate of
More informationNON-MENDELIAN GENETICS:
NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS: INCOMPLETE DOMIANCE CO-DOMINANCE (aka Multiple Alleles) SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE POLYGENIC TRAITS Name: This practice contains assignments for the standards listed above. We will
More informationa. pink x pink b. red x white c. pink x white Genotypic Genotypic Genotypic %: %: %: Phenotypic Phenotypic Phenotypic %: %: %:
Non-Mendelian Genetics Practice Packet Most genetic traits have a stronger, dominant allele and a weaker, recessive allele. In an individual with a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele shows up in
More informationMaximizing genetic progress in the new age of genomics
Veerkamp et al. Maximizing genetic progress in the new age of genomics R.H. Fourdraine AgSource Cooperative Services, 135 Enterprise Drive, Verona, WI 53593, United States Genetics have historically played
More informationA Joint Nordic Animal Model for Milk Production Traits in Holsteins and Ayrshires
A Joint Nordic Animal Model for Milk Production Traits in Holsteins and Ayrshires Jørn Pedersen 1 and Claus Langdahl 1, Jukka Pösö 2, Kjell Johansson 3, 1 The Danish Agricultural Advisory Centre, Udkaersvej
More informationChallenges related to introducing genomic selection in sport horse breeding EAAP 2015
Challenges related to introducing genomic selection in sport horse breeding EAAP 2015 Anne Ricard, INRA, UMR 1313, IFCE Recherche et Innovation, anne.ricard@toulouse.inra.fr «That is the question» Genomic
More informationThe Science of Maryland Agriculture
Edition 3 (2016) GOAL STATEMENT: Students will learn how to predict plant and animal offspring traits or characteristics using genetics. Note: Students will need to have previous knowledge of basic genetics,
More informationTHE ASSOCIATION OF TWO GENETIC
Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Fakulteten för veterinärmedicin och husdjursvetenskap Institutionen för anatomi, fysiologi och biokemi Hippologenheten K61 Examensarbete på kandidatnivå 2016 THE ASSOCIATION
More informationPopulation analysis and conservation options of the Norwegian Lundehund
Population analysis and conservation options of the Norwegian Lundehund A. Kettunen and P. Berg NordGen, Nordic Genetic Resource Center M. Daverdin NTNU Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
More informationAn investigation into progeny performance results in dual hemisphere stallions
An investigation into progeny performance results in dual hemisphere stallions Abstract The Thoroughbred has been intensely selected for speed and performance since its development over 300 years ago.
More informationChapter 2: Traits and How They Change
Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change Section 2: Genetics Heredity x Genetics Mendel s experiments Punnett Square For the test: study the powerpoint and textbook 1)What is Heredity? 2)What is genetics?
More informationChapter 2: Traits and How They Change
Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change Section 2: Genetics Heredity x Genetics Mendel s experiments Punnett Square For the test: study power point and textbook Important Info to remember : We inherit 2
More informationChapter 10: Dihybrid Cross Worksheet
Name: Period: Date: Chapter 10: Dihybrid Cross Worksheet In rabbits, gray hair is dominant to white hair. Also in rabbits, black eyes are dominant to red eyes. These letters represent the genotypes of
More informationBasic Mendelian Genetics & Color Genetics Basic Definitions Mendel demonstrated with corn that genes could be predictably combined.
Basic Mendelian Genetics & Color Genetics Basic Definitions Mendel demonstrated with corn that genes could be predictably combined. For horses, there are 32 pairs of chromosomes which hold 2.7 billion
More informationEstimating breeding value
Estimating breeding value Key terms Estimated breeding value (EBV) Heritability Contemporary groups Using information from relatives Accuracy Which animal to select? Animal P1 P2 EBV sire's perform. Index
More informationApplications of Linear Algebra: Genetics Armeen Moshrefi, Sarah Rogers, Meghan Wolf, Jesus Zambrano Math 247: Jen-Mei Chang
Applications of Linear Algebra: Genetics Armeen Moshrefi, Sarah Rogers, Meghan Wolf, Jesus Zambrano Math 247: Jen-Mei Chang Introduction Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the mechanisms of
More informationPedigree Analysis of Holstein Dairy Cattle Populations
Pedigree Analysis of Holstein Dairy Cattle Populations C.Maltecca, F.Canavesi, G.Gandini, A.Bagnato. Department VSA, University of Milan, Italy ANAFI, Cremona, Italy Summary A pedigree analysis on the
More informationAnalysis of Estimated Breeding Values for Marble Score, Carcase Weight and the Terminal Carcase Index
Analysis of Estimated Breeding Values for Marble Score, Carcase Weight and the Terminal Carcase Index Authors: 1. Matthew McDonagh CEO 2. Carel Teseling Technical Service Manager Australian Wagyu association
More informationGenome-Wide Analysis Reveals Selection for Important Traits in Domestic Horse Breeds
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Veterinary Science Faculty Publications Veterinary Science 1-17-2013 Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Selection for Important Traits in Domestic Horse Breeds Jessica L. Petersen
More informationCSA Genetic Evaluation
CSA Genetic Evaluation Contents Breed Average... 2 Percentiles... 2 For Canadian Users of Simmental Genetics... 3 Evaluation Highlights... 3 Trait Abbreviations... 4 Accuracy and Possible Change... 4 Genetic
More informationGenetic Analysis of Eventing Data in the Swedish Warmblood Population
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Genetic Analysis of Eventing Data in the Swedish Warmblood Population Beatrice Arlene Ray Department of Animal
More informationName: Incomplete and Co-Dominance Practice Due: 01/19/17
Name: Incomplete and Co-Dominance Practice Due: 01/19/17 Most genetic traits have a stronger, dominant allele and a weaker, recessive allele. In an individual with a heterozygous genotype, the dominant
More informationGregor Mendel. 19 th century Austrian monk Studied pea plants in his garden. Father of modern genetics
GENETICS Gregor Mendel 19 th century Austrian monk Studied pea plants in his garden Father of modern genetics Blending Theory Incorrect idea that was popular during Mendel s time Thought that an offspring
More information57th Annual EAAP Meeting in Antalya, Turkey Session 6: Impact of reproduction technology on horse breeding programmes H6.2 Cloning and embryo transfer in selection plans in horses Ricard, A. and C. Dubois
More informationMission to Mars. Day 8 Heredity
Mission to Mars Day 8 Heredity 7.14A define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation 7.14C recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed
More informationIntroduction to Genetics
Name: Introduction to Genetics Keystone Assessment Anchor: BIO.B.2.1.1: Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e. dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked,
More informationIntroducing the Equinome Elite Performance Test
Introducing the Equinome Elite Performance Test Introduction to Equinome Equinome is the world leader in the research and development of state-ofthe-art novel genomic tools to assist the bloodstock industry
More informationGenetic correlations between racing performance at different racing distances in Thoroughbreds and Arab horses
Czech J. Anim. Sci., 51, 2006 (12): 523 528 Original Paper Genetic correlations between racing performance at different racing distances in Thoroughbreds and Arab horses M. Sobczyńska Institute of Genetics
More informationImpact of the Friesian POLLED Mutation on Milk Production Traits in Holstein Friesian
Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry Impact of the Friesian POLLED Mutation on Milk Production Traits in Holstein Friesian EAAP 2016 67th Annual Meeting
More information8. How many different kinds of gametes can normally be produced by an organism with the genotype RrYy? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Name: Biology 3201 Heredity Assignment March 25, 2011 Part A: Multiple choice. Choose the BEST answer. If you are unsure, guess. (15 points) 1. Which branch of biology deals with the principles of variation
More informationThe California Commercial Beef Cattle Ranch Project
The California Commercial Beef Cattle Ranch Project Alison Van Eenennaam Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Cooperative Extension Specialist Department of Animal Science University of California, Davis,
More informationGENETICS 20 FEBRUARY 2013
GENETICS 20 FEBRUARY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Look at the definition of genetics. Discuss Mendel s concept of dominance & the law of segregation. Cover terminology of the genetic concepts.
More informationIntroduction to be read or described to the participants:
Introduction to be read or described to the participants: When breeding animals, it is important to understand the reasons why the offspring (foal, lamb, calf, etc.) look a certain way or have the traits
More informationGenetics Test Review
Genetics Test Review Vocabulary to Know 1) Punnett Square chart used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses 2) Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring 3) Gregor Mendel The
More informationGENES AND CHROMOSOMES CHROMOSOMES IN SEX CELLS. Horse Science: How Inheritance Works in Horses Page 3. dam unite and grow into the new animal.
Horse Science: How Inheritance Works in Horses Page 3 Two tiny cells are the only links of inheritance an animal has with its parents. A sperm cell from the sire and an egg cell from the dam unite and
More informationFaculty of Veterinary Science Faculty of Veterinary Science
Veterinary Veterinary Genetics Genetics Laboratory Laboratory Onderstepoort Onderstepoort Faculty of Veterinary Science Faculty of Veterinary Science Issue 1 August 2014 Issue 1 August 2014 First Newsletter
More information1) A child is born with blue eyes even though BOTH his parents have brown eyes. How is this possible?
Warm Up 1) A child is born with blue eyes even though BOTH his parents have brown eyes. How is this possible? 2) Can two blue eyed parents have a brown eyed child? Explain why or why not. Genetics: The
More informationWelcome! Tonya Amen, Ph.D Cattle Genetics Specialist Pfizer Animal Genetics
Welcome! Tonya Amen, Ph.D Cattle Genetics Specialist Pfizer Animal Genetics GENOMICS: A New Era in Beef Cattle Selection and Breeding. Outline Why Genetics? Why now? Simply Inherited Traits Genetic Conditions
More informationBiol 321 Genetics S 02 Exam #1
Biol 321 Genetics S 02 Exam #1 Name: 1. (8 pts) The main concept in the central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA does not code for protein directly but rather acts through an intermediary molecule
More informationGenetic Tests Australasia
Genetic Tests Australasia www.plusvital.com 1 About Us Equinome was launched in 2010 as a result of ground breaking research led by Assoc. Prof. Emmeline Hill at University College Dublin, which resulted
More informationAn Update on Bison Genetics and Genomics"
An Update on Bison Genetics and Genomics" Dr. James Derr, Professor Texas A&M University Texas Bison Association 26 October 2013 Crockett, Texas American Bison are found in all shapes, sizes and colors
More informationPatterns of Intermediate Inheritance
Patterns of Intermediate Inheritance Exceptions to Mendel s Principles Mendel s 3 principles provide us with an important foundation in building our knowledge of genetics. However, there are many types
More informationX-Sheet 4 Genetics: Inheritance and Terminology
X-Sheet 4 Genetics: Inheritance and Terminology 21 Key Concepts Genetics is a science and specific terms are used. Make sure that you know and understand the following terms before you continue. Locus:
More information59 th EAAP Annual Meeting August 24-27, 2008, Vilnius, Lithuania Abstract # 2908, Session 08
59 th EAAP Annual Meeting August 24-27, 2008, Vilnius, Lithuania Abstract # 2908, Session 08 Genetic variability of the Skyros pony breed and its relationship with other Greek and foreign horse breeds
More informationUnit 8: GENETICS PACKET
Unit 8: GENETICS PACKET This packet is designed to help you understand several concepts about GENETICS. As you practice the exercises on each handout, you will be able to: Make and defend a claim based
More informationArchival copy: for current recommendations see or your local extension office.
NAME ADDRESS CLUB 4-H HORSE PROGRAM HORSE SCIENCE This educational material has been prepared for 4-H use by the Cooperative Extension Services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and State Land-Grant
More informationInvestigations on genetic variability in Holstein Horse breed using pedigree data
Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Science Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry Investigations on genetic variability in Holstein Horse breed using pedigree
More informationGenomic Tools And Strategies For Studying Hereditary Conditions In Horses
Genomic Tools And Strategies For Studying Hereditary Conditions In Horses S. Mikko *, L.S. Andersson *, S. Eriksson *, J. Axelsson *, and G. Lindgren * Introduction The era of genomic studies presents
More informationAnalysis of different definitions of performance traits in riding horses
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Analysis of different definitions of performance traits in riding horses V. Welker 1, K. Schöpke 2, M. Wensch-Dorendorf
More informationGenetics beyond Mendel
Genetics beyond Mendel Some exceptions to Mendel s principles: Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. Many traits are controlled by more than one gene (polygenic traits) Snapdragons HUH? http://www.dobermann-review.com/info/genetics/mendels_genetic_laws/gregor%20mendel.jpg
More informationThe importance of Pedigree in Livestock Breeding. Libby Henson and Grassroots Systems Ltd
The importance of Pedigree in Livestock Breeding Libby Henson and Grassroots Systems Ltd Spotted sticks and Spotted rams Control Natural Selection Winter food supply Shelter Predation Disease control Impose
More informationImplications of across-studbook genetic correlations between linear traits for sport horse breeding
S63 (abstract no. 23348) IT-Solutions for Animal Production 67 th EAAP Annual Meeting, 29 August - 2 September 2016, Belfast, Ireland Implications of across-studbook genetic correlations between linear
More informationOutline. Genetic Testing: Understanding Results & Putting Them Into Practice. Review Terms. Review Terms 5/4/ Primer
Genetic Testing: Understanding Results & Putting Them Into Practice Kari J Ekenstedt, DVM, PhD Katie Minor, RN College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota April 29 th, 2016 Outline 1. Primer
More informationUse of Young and Proven Sires with Genomic Evaluations for Improving Milk Yield in Thai Multibreed Dairy Cattle
Use of Young and Proven Sires with Genomic Evaluations for Improving Milk Yield in Thai Multibreed Dairy Cattle 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ladyao,
More informationCSA Genetic Evaluation
CSA Genetic Evaluation Contents Breed Average... 2 Percentiles... 2 For Canadian Users of Simmental Genetics... 3 Trait Abbreviations... 3 Growth Evaluation... 4 Key Points... 4 Genetic Parameters... 4
More informationThe Science of Maryland Agriculture
GOAL STATEMENT: Students will learn how to predict plant and animal offspring traits or characteristics using genetics. OBJECTIVES: Students will apply the concepts of genotype and phenotype to scenarios
More information7.013 Problem Set
7.013 Problem Set 2-2013 Question 1 You are working with the following parental flies (P1-P4). P1: Light body color and normal wings P2: Light body color and wingless P3: Dark body color and wingless P4:
More informationDehorning cattle via genetics
IRISH CATTLE BREEDING FEDERATION Dehorning cattle via genetics Tuesday 11 th April Portlaoise 1 Outline Background Genetics of Polled gene Polled vs Horned How to increase Polled gene Breeding for the
More informationGenetics and Miniature horses. Munro Marx Unistel Medical laboratories
Genetics and Miniature horses Munro Marx Unistel Medical laboratories Miniature Horses Miniature horses are bred all over the world They are particularly popular in Europe and the USA Over the last number
More informationAccess to the published version may require journal subscription. Published with permission from: Cambridge University Press
This is an author produced version of a paper published in Animal. This paper has been peer-reviewed and is proof-corrected, but does not include the journal pagination. Citation for the published paper:
More informationDaughter proven bulls In the tables below, only sires that have breeding values based on daughter information is shown
December 2017 INTERBULL breeding values calculated December 2017 This newsletter is primarily written for VikingGenetics staff and breeding advisors in Denmark, Sweden and Finland, but can also be of interest
More informationCHAPTER III RESULTS. sampled from 22 streams, representing 4 major river drainages in New Jersey, and 1 trout
CHAPTER III RESULTS Genetic Diversity Genotypes at 13 microsatellite DNA loci were determined for 238 brook trout sampled from 22 streams, representing 4 major river drainages in New Jersey, and 1 trout
More informationName: Block: Date: Black Chickens _ White Chicken Erminette Chickens
Name: Block: Date: Honors Biology Incomplete/ Co-Dominance/ Multiple Alleles 1. Many genetic traits have a stronger dominant allele and a weaker recessive allele. This is known as complete dominance. Some
More informationTHE QUALITY OF LATVIAN WARMBLOOD BROODMARES AND THEIR PROGENY DEPENDING ON TYPE AND ORIGIN
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (CROP SCIENCES, ANIMAL SCIENCES) THE QUALITY OF LATVIAN WARMBLOOD BROODMARES AND THEIR PROGENY Latvia University of Agriculture laineorbidane@inbox.lv Abstract In breeding of Latvian
More informationDaughter proven bulls In the tables below, only sires that have breeding values based on daughter information is shown
April 2018 INTERBULL breeding values calculated April 2018 This newsletter is primarily written for VikingGenetics staff and breeding advisors in Denmark, Sweden and Finland, but can also be of interest
More informationPopulation structure and genetic diversity of Bovec sheep from Slovenia preliminary results
Population structure and genetic diversity of Bovec sheep from Slovenia preliminary results M. Simčič, M. Žan Lotrič, D. Bojkovski, E. Ciani, I. Medugorac Introduction Jezersko Solčava sheep Bovec sheep
More informationTopic 3 Other patterns of Inheritance (heredity) Pre Class Reading Assignment. 1. Read pgs
Topic 3 Other patterns of Inheritance (heredity) Pre Class Reading Assignment 1. Read pgs 608 610 2. Define the following terms a. Wild type b. Mutant c. Incomplete dominance d. Codominance 1 Topic 3 Other
More informationColour Genetics. Page 1 of 6. TinyBear Pomeranians CKC Registered Copyright All rights reserved.
Colour Genetics Dogs have probably been domesticated for at least 15 000 years. The first dogs likely had an appearance much like the wolf or coyote. However, over the time they have been domesticated,
More informationTable of content International breeding values for the traits and breeds shown in table 1 have been published
April 2019 INTERBULL breeding values calculated April 2019 This newsletter is primarily written for VikingGenetics staff and breeding advisors in Denmark, Sweden and Finland, but can also be of interest
More informationTable of content International breeding values for the traits and breeds shown in Table 1 have been published
December 2015 INTERBULL breeding values calculated December 2015 This newsletter is primarily written for VikingGenetics staff and breeding advisors in Denmark, Sweden and Finland, but can also be of interest
More informationAnalysing the effective population size in the partially closed and fragmented breeding population of the Trakehner Horse breed
Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Science Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry Analysing the effective population size in the partially closed and fragmented
More informationHeritability of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in Standardbred and Thoroughbred Racehorses Derived From SNP Genotyping Data
Journal of Heredity, 2016, 537 543 doi:10.1093/jhered/esw042 Original Article Advance Access publication August 3, 2016 Original Article Heritability of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in Standardbred
More informationGenetic Relationship among the Korean Native and Alien Horses Estimated by Microsatellite Polymorphism
784 Genetic Relationship among the Korean Native and Alien Horses Estimated by Microsatellite Polymorphism G. J. Cho* College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
More informationDo not write in margin QUESTIONSHEET 1
QUESTIONSHEET 1 Mendel s first law states that only one of a pair of contrasting characters may be represented in a single gamete. His second law states that either of a pair of contracting characters
More informationAssigning breed origin to alleles in crossbred animals
DOI 10.1186/s12711-016-0240-y Genetics Selection Evolution RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Assigning breed origin to alleles in crossbred animals Jérémie Vandenplas 1*, Mario P. L. Calus 1, Claudia A. Sevillano
More informationOklahoma Ag in the Classroom Coats and Genes Genetic Traits in Cattle
Oklahoma Ag in the Classroom Coats and Genes Genetic Traits in Cattle Objective The student will read about heredity and explore genetic traits in cattle. Background Agriculturists are pioneers in the
More informationNAME pg. 1 Unit 7: Inheritance Study Guide 1. Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I:
NAME pg. 1 1. Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I: Meiosis II: Prophase I: Metaphase I: Anaphase I: Telophase I: Prophase II: Metaphase II: Anaphase II: Telophase II:
More informationparents to offspring.
Not all traits are simply inherited by dominant and recessive alleles l (Mendelian Genetics). In some traits, neither allele is dominant or many alleles control the trait. Below are different ways in which
More informationAcross-breed genomic evaluation based on BovineHD genotypes, and phenotypes of bulls and cows
Across-breed genomic evaluation based on BovineHD genotypes, and phenotypes of bulls and cows Chris Schrooten 1), Ghyslaine Schopen 1), Phil Beatson 2) 1) CRV BV, The Netherlands 2) CRV Ambreed, New Zealand
More information