New Equimax Elevation.

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1 New Equimax Elevation. Gets worming right, New Equimax Elevation offers 3-way action for lifelong protection.

2 Controlling worms in foals and young horses is important. The immature immune systems of foals and young horses make them far more susceptible to worms than older animals. Some worm species are very common in young horses but rarely seen in older horses as they develop a natural immunity as they age. Young animals are also more susceptible to damage caused by worms due to their smaller size. Immature lungs and digestive systems are easily damaged by migrating worms, and a worm burden that may not cause a problem in an adult horse can easily block the gut of a foal. Ascarids. The worm most dangerous to young horses. The large roundworm or ascarid primarily affects horses less than two years of age. Ascarids are the most significant parasite in young horses because they are such large worms and can quickly develop into life threatening numbers. Ascarids have the potential to cause liver damage, which is repairable, and lung damage, which is permanent. The ascarid life cycle. Each female ascarid can lay 100,000 to 200,000 eggs each day. The eggs pass out with the horse s faeces. Infective larvae develop within coated eggs, which are not affected by adverse weather conditions and can remain viable for up to 10 years. When the egg is ingested its coating is digested in the horse s stomach. As the eggs reach the small intestine they hatch and the larvae immediately penetrate the lining of the intestinal tract, beginning a 30 day migration. It is important to remember that faecal egg tests do not detect migration of parasite larvae within the horse.

3 Gets worming right, Liver damage by ascarid larvae. The larvae travel by the hepatic vein to the liver, where they eat their way around the liver for seven to 10 days. Fortunately, the liver is a very resilient organ and can regenerate itself. Permanent damage to the liver from ascarid larval migration is seldom seen. The ascarid larvae migration continues. The larvae then travel to the lungs and continue their migration for 14 to 21 days, again eating their way around lung tissue. Unlike the liver, damage done to the lungs is permanent as lungs heal by scarring and so do not regenerate. After the ascarids mature and are ready to complete migration they burrow from the blood side of the lung into the air side. Lung damage from ascarid larvae migration. A microscopic look at normal lung tissue shows empty air spaces, the alveoli, where oxygen is exchanged for CO2. When migrating ascarid larvae are present, the immune system violently reacts to the foreign protein and destroys the alveoli. Such damage predisposes foals to pneumonia and may result in pulmonary haemorrhaging in a horse that becomes an athlete. The worms then crawl from the alveoli into the bronchioles, to the bronchi and then into the trachea. They cause enough irritation to elicit a cough so that they are coughed to the back of the throat and are re-swallowed as mature larvae. As adults they swim upstream in the small intestine, robbing the horse of nutrition. Once the larvae reach the small intestine for the second time, their presence there is of relatively little consequence to the horse unless they are allowed to develop into large numbers that can cause life threatening blockages of the intestines, especially in foals. Protect your young horse s lungs. When a horse is just a few months old it has all the lung tissue it is ever going to have. Because lung tissue heals by scarring, damage to these sensitive structures is permanent with less functional lung available for the horse to utilise. Horses whose lungs have been damaged by ascarid larval migration may have to breathe harder and faster to meet their oxygen demand as they develop and are asked to perform.

4 New Equimax Elevation. Gets worming right, Ascarid larval migration can also lead to other diseases. It reduces overall thriftiness in foals and can be related to pneumonia in foals. Ascarid larvae may have an immunosuppressive effect in the lung, reducing the ability of the horse s immune system to respond to foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. Understanding mectin resistance and ascarids. Unfortunately, it appears ascarids will be the worm species that develop resistance to the mectins. Ascarid resistance to mectins in Australia has not yet been documented, although there is anecdotal evidence that it is present or is very imminent. Resistance has been documented in several countries overseas and some studies cite failures of multiple types of mectin chemical, so it appears that cross resistance to all mectins will occur. In almost all the studies, pyrantel 1, 2,3,4,5 was used effectively to control the worms. EQUIMAX ELEVATION Oral Paste for Horses. The best way to treat and control worms in young horses. There is no wormer on the market quite like new EQUIMAX ELEVATION Oral Paste for Horses. A unique formulation of three active ingredients designed to combat mectin resistance, for Horses is particularly suitable for worming young horses from six weeks to 24 months. That s because young horses need special protection from potentially mectin resistant ascarids, a problem worm in horses under two years old. for Horses kills all the important internal parasites of horses including tapeworms and bots - with a single, easy to administer, dose. for Horses has a double action against nematodes and tapeworms due to the unique combination of the three active ingredients: ivermectin, praziquantel and pyrantel. Importantly, the double action is thought to delay the onset of resistance to either anthelmintic. Safety studies have proven for Horses to be safe to use on all types of horses including pregnant mares, foals and breeding stallions. Young horses should be wormed with for Horses from six weeks of age until they are two years old. They should then be placed onto the yearly Equimax/ Strategy- T rotation plan. for Horses completely protects young horses from ascarids, as well as all other worms. So don t take a risk with your young horse s health. Treat with for Horses and get worming right, right from the start.

5 1 Schougaard H & Nielsen MK (2007). Apparent ivermectin resistance of Parascaris equorum in foals in Denmark. Vet Record 160: Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Rathgeber RA & Collins SS (2007). Parasite field study in central Kentucy on thoroughbred foals (born in 2004) treated with pyrantel tartrate daily and other parasiticides periodically. Parasitol Res 100: Lyons ET, Tolliver SC & Collins SS (2006). Field studies on endoparasites of Thoroughbred foals on seven farms in central Kentucky in Parasitol Res 98: Boersema JH, Eysker M & JW Nas (2002). Apparent resistance of Parascaris equorum to macrocyclic lactones. Vet Record 150: Hearn FP & Peregrine AS (2003). Identification of foals infected with Parascaris equorum apparently resistant to ivermectin. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223: Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd. 361 Horsley Road, Milperra NSW For further information call

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