INFORMATION FOR JUDGING THE DRESSAGE PHASE AT EVENTING IRELAND EVENTS

Transcription

1 INFORMATION FOR JUDGING THE DRESSAGE PHASE AT EVENTING IRELAND EVENTS

2 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events ONE DAY EVENTS DRESSAGE 2017 DRESSAGE The FEI Dressage Rules apply for the Eventing Dressage Test at EI Competitions except where otherwise provided in these Eventing Rules. Any modification introduced to the FEI Dressage Rules during the year will be evaluated for inclusion in these Eventing Rules from 1 st January the following year. EXECUTION OF THE TESTS All tests must be carried out entirely from memory, and all movements must follow in the order` set forth in the test. Sound of bell Salute After the sound of the bell, the Athlete must enter the arena at A within forty five (45) seconds. In the event that the Horse starts to defecate or urinate, the clock / watch will be stopped until the Horse is ready to continue at which point the clock / watch will be restarted. Athletes must take the reins in one (1) hand at the salute. Athletes wearing a top hat have the choice to take the hat off or just to nod. Error of course When an Athlete makes an error of course (takes the wrong turn, omits a movement, etc.) the Judge at C warns him, by sounding the bell. The Judge at C shows him, if necessary, the point at which he must take up the test again and the next movement to be executed, then leaves him to continue by himself. However, in some cases when, although the Athlete makes an error of course, the sounding of the bell would unnecessarily impede the fluency of the performance - for instance if the competitor makes a transition from working trot to medium walk at V instead of K, or makes a transition to canter at F instead of A - it is up to the Judge at C to decide whether to sound the bell or not. However, if the bell is not sounded at an error of course and the test requires the same movement to be repeated and the Athlete again makes the same error, the Athlete is only penalised once. The decision as to whether or not an error of course has been made will be at the sole discretion of the Judge at C. The other Judges scores will be adapted accordingly. Error of test/execution When an Athlete makes an error of the execution of the test (trots rising instead of sitting, at the salute does not take the reins in one hand, etc.) he must be penalised as for an error of course. In principle an Athlete is not allowed to repeat a movement of the test unless the Judge at C decides on an error of course (sounds the bell). If, however, the Athlete has started the execution of a movement and attempts to do the same movement again, the Judges must consider the first movement shown only and at the same time, penalise for an error of course. Unnoticed error If the Judge(s) has not noted an error, the Athlete has the benefit of the doubt and will therefore not be penalised for the error. Penalties Error of Course Every error of course, whether the bell is sounded or not, must be penalised, except as noted above. First error Two (2) points. ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 1

3 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events Other Errors Second error Third error Four (4) points. Elimination. All of the following are considered errors, and two (2) points will be deducted per error, but they are not cumulative and will not result in Elimination: Elimination Entering the space around the arena (as defined in Rule 71) with whip or with boots/bandages on the Horse s legs or with discrepancy in dress (e.g. lack of gloves); Entering the Dressage arena with whip or with boots/bandages on the Horse s legs or with discrepancy in dress (e.g. lack of gloves); If the test has already started before the discrepancy has been noticed, the Judge at C stops the Athlete and if needed and possible, an assistant may enter the arena to remove the item(s). The athlete then continues the test either starting from the beginning (from the inside of the arena) or from the movement where he was stopped. The marks given before he was stopped are not changed: Entering the arena before the sound of the bell; Not entering the arena within forty five (45) seconds after the bell, but within ninety (90) seconds; Penalty Points The penalty points are deducted on each Judge's sheet from the total points obtained by the Athlete. Reasons for Elimination Lameness Resistance In a case of marked lameness, the Judge at C informs the Athlete that he is eliminated. There is no appeal against this decision Any resistance which prevents the continuation of the test longer than twenty (20) seconds is punished by Elimination. However, resistance that may endanger Athlete, Horse, Judges or the public will be result in elimination for safety reasons earlier than within twenty (20) seconds. This also applies to any resistance before the entering the Dressage arena or when leaving the arena. Fall Leaving Arena During Test Outside Assistance Bleeding In the case of a fall of a Horse and/or an Athlete, the Athlete will incur Elimination (see Rules Error! Reference source not found. and Rule Error! Reference source not found.) A horse is eliminated if, during a test, it leaves the arena when the surround is 23cms or higher. Any outside help by voice, signs, etc. is considered as illegal or unauthorised assistance to an Athlete or to his Horse. An Athlete or Horse receiving positive assistance must be Eliminated. If the Judge at C suspects fresh blood anywhere on the Horse during the test, he will stop the Horse to check for blood. If the Horse shows fresh blood, it will be eliminated. The elimination is final. If the Judge through examination clarifies that the Horse has no fresh blood, the Horse may resume and finish its test. Other Reasons For Elimination Horse and Athlete combination not being able to fulfil the requirements of the level The performance is against the welfare of the Horse and/or shows abusive riding. ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 2

4 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events Horse and Athlete combination not entering the Competition arena within ninety (90) seconds after the bell. Except where a valid reason thereto has been informed to the Judge at C (valid reason may be losing a shoe, etc.) Dressage Tests The following Dressage tests or appropriate FEI Event Test will be used unless permission has been granted by Eventing Ireland for use of a different test. CLASSES TEST ARENA APPROX TIME CNC3* Test 121 (2009) 20x60 7 mins 30 Test 122 (2009) 20x60 6 mins 30 Test 123 (2011) 20x60 6 mins 30 Test 124 (2016) 20x60 6 mins 30 FEI CI 3* (A) x60 6 mins FEI CI 3* (B) x60 6 mins A/CNC2* Test 119 (2010) 20x60 6 mins All CNC2* Test 115 (2011) 20x40 6 mins Test 116 (2016) 20x40 6 mins Test 117 (2009) 20x40 6 mins Test 118 (2010) 20x60 6 mins FEI CI 2* (A) x60 6 mins FEI CI 2* (B) x60 6 mins All CNC1*& Test 110 (2012) 20x40 6 mins CNCP2* and Test 111 (2010) 20x40 6 mins EI105 Test 112 (2010) 20x40 6 mins Test 113 (2009) 20x60 6 mins Test 130 (2016) 20x40 6 mins FEI CI 1* (A) x60 6 mins FEI CI 1* (B) x60 6 mins FEI CC1P 1* (2014) Ponies 20x60 6 mins 30 All EI100 Test 101 (2009) 20x40 6 mins Test 102 (2010) 20x40 6 mins Test 103 (2010) 20x60 6 mins Test 105 (2011) Championship 20x60 6 mins Test 106 (2012) 20x40 6 mins Test 107 (2016) 20x40 6 mins Test 108 (2016) 20x40 6 mins All EI90 Test 91 (2009) 20x40 6 mins Test 92 (2009) 20x40 6 mins Test 93 (2009) 20x60 6 mins Test 94 (2010) Championship 20x60 6 mins Test 95 (2012) 20x40 6 mins Test 96 (2016) 20x40 6 mins Test 97 (2016) 20x40 6 mins Dressage Arena Layout Arenas should be set out to the dimensions shown in the diagrams in Appendix a & b The arena should be level and separated by a distance all round of 15m for international competitions and at least 10m for other events if more room is not available. Roping of the area should be used where necessary to prevent intrusion. The arenas should be marked in the following ways: a) By a continuous surround of white boards, or ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 3

5 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events b) By intermittent white boards placed at each corner and opposite each marker as a minimum. The letters outside the enclosure should be placed about 0.5m from the board (with the exception of A which should be 10m back from the entrance) and clearly marked. It is helpful to place a special marker on the board itself [with coloured tape] level with and in addition to the letter concerned. The centre line, throughout its length, and the points D, L, X, I and G, if described in the relevant test, should be clearly marked, without, however, being of a nature to frighten horses. On that account it is recommended that on a grass arena the centre line is mown shorter than the other parts of the arena, and on a sand arena the centre line is rolled or raked. The points D, L, X, I and G should be similarly mown, rolled or raked, about 2m straight across the centre line. DRESS SADDLERY AND EQUIPMENT Inspection of saddlery A steward should be appointed to check the saddlery of each horse before it enters the arena or starts a test/phase, but the athlete remains responsible for complying with the rules on saddlery. Before the Dressage Test, the checking of the bridle must be done with the greatest caution. If the athlete requests, the bridle may be checked immediately after the test has been completed. However, should the bridle or bit in such a case be found not to be permitted, the athlete shall be eliminated. Please refer to APPENDIX c & d: Bits All Phases And APPENDIX E: Reins for Lunging and Nosebands Saddlery for Phases The following table defines the saddlery that is permitted, not permitted or compulsory at each relevant phase: Equipment Riding in Exercise Areas Lungeing Dressage Show Jumping & XC Phases Bit guard and Tongue Guard X Nose Net* X X Ear Plugs X X X Ear Covers / Protective Fly Hood** Snaffle Bridle, Micklem multibridle*** Double Bridle**** X Running and Irish Martingale X Bib Martingale X Side, running reins and X X X chambons Neck Strap X Seat Covers X Boots, bandages X Equiboots/hoofboots X X English style saddle Compulsory X Compulsory Compulsory Side Saddle Flash, crossed or dropped noseband only with snaffle bridle Not ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 4

6 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events Equipment Cavesson noseband***** Breast plate Blinkers Riding in Exercise Areas Not Lungeing Dressage Show Jumping & XC Phases Tongue strap, tying down Not horses tongue Draw Reins Not Standing Martingale Not Any other type of martingale Not or gadget Sheepskin, or any other Not attachments, which may affect the horse s field of vision Sheepskin nosebands X Toe stoppers N/A X Boots for 4, 5, 6,& 7 Year Old Horses (Specific EI Classes Show Jumping Phase only) The following criteria must be respected in relation to hind boots worn in all EI 4, 5, 6 and 7 year old specific classes: All hind leg protections must have a maximum interior length of 16 centimetres; the width of the fastener must be at least five centimetres. The inside of the protection must be smooth, that is, the surface must be even and there may not be any pressure points on the inside of the boot; sheepskin linings are allowed. Only non-elastic Velcro-type fasteners are permitted; no hooks, buckles, clips or other methods of attaching the fasteners may be used; The rounded rigid part of the protection must be placed around the inside of the fetlock; No additional elements may be added to or inserted in the boot itself, other than a protective flap, providing it is soft and clearly intended for protection only. * Nose Nets: Exception: Head shakers will be allowed to wear a specific type of nose net during warm up and competition with a dispensation certificate from Eventing Ireland. Applications should be made to the Eventing Ireland Office for details. (Horses must have a current Veterinary Certificate, stating that the horse is a "confirmed head shaker", and this has to be lodged with Eventing Ireland. The Dispensation Certificate must accompany the horse at all Eventing Ireland competitions). Nose nets must be discreet, black, brown or white and cover the nose only, leaving the bit and mouth visible. Note: Nose nets are not permitted under FEI rules ** Ear Covers/Protective Fly Hoods are permitted and may provide noise reduction. However, ear covers/hoods must not cover the Horse s eyes and ear plugs are not permitted. They should be discreet in colour and design. They will be systematically ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 5

7 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events checked by Stewards at the end of the test to ensure that nothing prohibited has been added, (ie: special material) or is covered by the fly hoods. *** Compulsory for all EI90, EI100 and CNC1* classes **** Only permitted for CNC2* and above for dressage ***** Compulsory with double bridle Athlete Dress Code during Competition Note: The EI Steward may at times, eg: in extreme weather conditions, allow variation of the Dress Rules in consultation with the relevant judges. Dress (Please See Rules) Dressage Show Jumping Cross Country Protective Headgear (Rule 0) Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Dress Code Uniform, hunting dress, tail coat or jacket with white, fawn or cream breeches Sweater or shirt with breeches Gloves (Any colour) Compulsory Body Protector (Rule Err Mandatory Reference source n found.) Inflatable Air Jackets (Rule Err Reference source n found.) Boots/Gaitors (Rule Err Boots in all tests must be black or black with brown top Reference source n found.) Whips (See Rule Error! Referen Not permitted source not found.) Spurs (See Rule Error! Referen Not Compulsory Not Compulsory Not Compulsory source not found.) Stop Watches Not permitted Protective Headgear Protective headgear is mandatory at all times for all phases at all levels of competition. Protective headgear is defined as Appropriate Helmet or Headgear that is in compliance with the applicable international testing standards. It must be properly fastened with a three point retention harness at all times when mounted. Any Athlete or person mounted on a horse violating this provision must immediately be prohibited from further riding until the Protective Headgear is properly in place. Protective headgear must meet one of the following standards o European All PAS 015 or VG with BSI Kitemark or Inspec IC Mark o American All SEI ASTM 95, ASTM F and SNELL E2001 o Australian & New Zealand All AS/NZS The CE mark on its own IS NOT ACCEPTABLE. See Appendix M for approved safety standard labels Fixed peak hats used for dressage and show jumping are NOT permitted for cross country. Skull/jockey hats (with covers) are acceptable for dressage, show jumping and cross country phases. Hat Type Accepted Phase Approved Hat Tag Skull Cap (no peak) DR, SJ, XC Bright Green Fixed Peak DR & SJ ONLY Bright Green and White Stripe ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 6

8 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events All protective headgear worn in all EI Competitions must show a visible current EI hat tag. Untagged hats must be checked and tagged before being used to compete in the appropriate phase. Wearing untagged or incorrect headgear for a phase could result in a penalty at the discretion of the Eventing Ireland Steward officiating on the day. Athletes are strongly recommended to check their headgear regularly and to replace if damaged, ie: if dropped or following a fall. Hair Top Hat/Bowler for Dressage Phase Only: Top Hats or Bowlers are NOT PERMITTED during ANY national competition When riding in Competition, Athletes must ensure that long hair is tied back or placed in a hairnet and is neat. Hair should be no longer than collar length so as not to obstruct the athlete number. Mounted Head Cameras An athlete wishing to wear a mounted Head Camera during competition must first sign the EI Head Cam Agreement Form, confirming the wearing of a Head Cam is at their own risk and have this approved by the Steward on the day. New forms must be completed each time an athlete wishes to wear a Head Cam. Forms will be available from the Event Secretary. Failure to do this will result in a fine of Athletes must be in their 18 th year or older underage athletes will not be considered. The camera must be mounted to the helmet by an easily detachable method (Velcro or elastic) and the integrity of the crash helmet must not be compromised. Cameras must not be mounted on any other part of the body. Body Protectors A Body Protector which is EN 13158: 2000 or 2009 Level 3 or BETA Level 3 (Purple Label) manufactured in the year 2000 or after, is mandatory for Cross Country, cross country schooling and whenever else a body protector is worn. Note: The BETA 2000 body protector standard will be permitted for use in 2017, but will not be for Athletes are strongly recommended to check their body protectors on a regular basis and to replace them if damaged. It is strongly advised that the body protector should not impede flexibility or balance. Inflatable / Air Jackets If an athlete chooses to wear an airbag style body protector, it must be worn over a permitted body protector for the cross country phase. Inflatable/air jackets may be worn for the showjumping and dressage phases without a body protector. Boots / Gaiters Boots must be worn in all phases. Boots must be long riding boots, black, brown or black with a brown top, or short boots with matching full grain smooth leather chaps/gaiters. Juniors under the age of 16 may wear jodhpurs with jodhpur boots OR half chaps/gaiters with boots. Whips Phase Training: Type A whip no longer than 120cm, including lash may be carried when riding on the flat at any time. A whip no longer than 75cm and not weighted at the end is allowed while jumping any practice obstacle. Dressage Cross Country & Jumping A whip is not allowed once the athlete has entered space around the arena before the Test or during the Test A whip no longer than 75cm and not weighted at the end is allowed during these tests. ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 7

9 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events Phase Type Contravention of any of the above rules may result in elimination, and/or a fine and WILL be reported to the Eventing Ireland Disciplinary Committee Spurs Spurs are optional for all three phases. Spurs capable of wounding a horse are forbidden. Spurs must be of smooth material (metal or plastic). If there is a shank it must not be more than 4cm long and must point only towards the rear. The end of the shank must be blunt to prevent wounding a horse. If the shank is curved, the spurs must be worn only with the shank directed downwards. The overall shank must be measured from the boot to the end of the spur. Metal or plastic spurs with round hard plastic or metal knobs are allowed ( Impulse spur) and Dummy spurs with no shank are allowed. Rowel Spurs are allowed in the three phases and when practicing / warming up. If they are used, rowels must be free to rotate and the rowel must be round and smooth (no tines allowed). For Pony competition, rowel spurs are not allowed for any phases. APPENDIX C & D: Bits All Phases And Drawings of Snaffles & Bits for Dressage Tests Bits for the Dressage Test The Eventing Rules are lined up with the FEI Dressage Rules exclusively and only exceptions are as follows: a) Young Horses biting requirements of Dressage do not apply to Eventing b) Allowance is made for sheepskin disc for a crossed noseband and use of breastplate Please note the following: a) Bits covered in leather are not allowed b) Wavy plastic bits are not allowed c) Lunging reins only approved if on triangle rein (Dressage Rules the lungy-bungie is not allowed) PONIES - Clarification on Bits for All Phases Dressage Test: Hackamore, curb and double bridle are not allowed. Cross-country and Jumping Tests: Curb, double bridles, hackamores and bit less bridles are not allowed. (See reference in FAQ Tack, Equipment and Dress on Eventing Rules page published on FEI Website) a) Pelham is allowed for XC and Jumping. b) A Pelham is not considered a Curb bit if it has a mouthpiece ring and a ring at the top and bottom of the bit. c) Pelham must be on a single rein (with a connecting piece from the mouthpiece ring to the bottom ring) double reins not allowed. d) Pelham can be used with curb chain or leather strap. ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 8

10 Judging at Eventing Ireland Events ei dressage judging at events 2017.doc 9

11 Various double bridle bits Bridoons: 1 2a 3 2b 4 2c 2d 2e 2f

12 Curbs: Various snaffle bridle bits 1 2a

13 3 2b 4 2c

14 Rotary bit

15 Various double bridle bits Bridoons: 1. Loose ring bridoon bit 2. a,b,c Bridoon bit with jointed mouthpiece where the middle piece should be rounded. Eggbutt sides also allowed.d - Bridoon bit with rotating middle piece 2. e - Bridoon Rotary bit with rotating middle piece 2. f Bridoon Rotary bit with rotating middle piece and looped rings 3. Egg-butt bridoon bit 4. Bridoon bit with hanging cheeks Curbs: 5. Half-moon curb bits Curb bit with straight cheeks and port 8. Curb bit with port and sliding mouthpiece (Weymouth) A curb bit with rotating lever arm is also allowed 9. Variation of bits No 6, 7 & Curb bit with S-curved cheeks 11. Curb chain (metal or leather or a combination) 12. Lip strap. 13. Leather cover for curb chain 14. Rubber, leather or sheep skin cover for curb chain Various snaffle bridle bits: 1. Loose ring snaffle 2. a,b,c Snaffle with jointed mouthpiece where middle piece should be rounded. Egg-butt sides also allowed. 3. Egg-butt snaffle 4. Racing snaffle D-ring 5. Egg-butt snaffle with cheeks 6. Loose ring snaffle with cheeks (Fulmer) 7. Snaffle with upper cheeks only 8. Hanging cheek snaffle 9. Straight bar snaffle. also with mullen mouth and with egg butt rings 10. Snaffle with rotating mouthpiece 11. Snaffle with rotating middle piece 12. Rotary bit with rotating middle piece 13 Rotary bit with rotating middle piece and looped rings

16 New tack and equipment permitted at FEI Dressage Events from 1 January 2017 Bits and Brow Bands Note: Only bits illustrated in the Dressage Rules are allowed in the Dressage test In some cases using very shiny or reflective materials can be disruptive for the judges during dressage. It is therefore suggested that when in doubt riders ask judges before the start of the dressage if a decorated/shiny brow band is acceptable or not. DR XC SJ The use would be allowed in jumping and Cross Country. Please note however that should this item be found to wound or likely wound the horse a Ground Jury member may request them to be removed. It is in the horse's mouth so you can see where it sits. The mouthpiece is an ordinary jointed snaffle. It is NOT permitted in Dressage X X These bits are not permitted for the dressage test in Eventing competitions. X Drop Cheek Control Plate, Fulmer Control Plate and Fulmer Loose Ring Control Plate are not allowed in Dressage X Drop Cheek Control Plate X

17 Bits and Brow Bands Note: Only bits illustrated in the Dressage Rules are allowed in the Dressage test DR XC SJ Fulmer Control Plate Drop Cheek Control Plate, Fulmer Control Plate and Fulmer Loose Ring Control Plate are not allowed in Dressage X Fulmer Loose Ring Control Plate Loose Ring Control Plate This Bit is not allowed in Dressage Test. X This Bit is not allowed in Dressage Test. The moves of the jointed mouthpieces are blocked due to the tongue plate around the joint. X Weymouth bits with a tilted mouthpiece are permitted, further to clarifications made by the Dressage dpt. Please refer to the document Neue Schule permitted snaffles and bridoons document, and the mention of the Weymouths (Please see FEI website for more information) These bits are allowed for the Dressage Test in Eventing competitions. This bit is allowed for the Dressage

18 Bits and Brow Bands Note: Only bits illustrated in the Dressage Rules are allowed in the Dressage test Test in Eventing competitions, as corresponding (with a slight variation) to Dressage drawings under bridoon or snaffle, 2C. DR XC SJ Ponies BITS DR XC SJ 1. Only Snaffle bits are allowed 2. No curb, or double bridle are allowed Please see also Art Pelham is allowed for XC and Jumping. X 1. A Pelham is not considered as a Curb bit if it has a mouthpiece ring and a ring at the top and bottom of the bit. 2. Pelham must be on a single rein (with a connecting piece from mouthpiece rin to bottom ring) - double reins not allowed. 3. Pelham can be used with curb chain or leather strap 4. Curb, double bridle, hackamore & bitless bridle are not allowed FEI Jumping Rules Art 21 Annex XI Rules for Pony Jumping Rules: 1. Reins must be attached to the bit or the connecting piece. Only running unrestricted martingales are allowed. 2. Double bridles, and blinkers are not allowed. The following types of bits and nosebands are allowed: X 1. Bits. Bits may be made of any material (metal, rubber, plastic, leather ) but must be used in the original manufactured state. Double bridles are not allowe The minimum diameter of the bit shall be 10 mm. 2. All snaffles: jointed, double jointed or unjointed myler soft twisted 3. All gags: normal snaffle gag, jointed or unjointed NB: No wire, double wire, or chain bits may be used. 4. All pelhams: jointed, double jointed or unjointed soft twisted, cheeks maximum length 15 cm Example of a connecting piece for single rein Pelham NB: All pelhams must be used with one single rein. The rein must either be used with a connecting piece or attached to the larger of the two rings of the bit. Pelham to be used with curb chain or leather strap. 5. All Kimberwicks 6. All pessoas: Maximum 4 rings (including the top ring for the cheek piece). Rei may be attached to any ring; double reins may be used, with or without a connecting piece jointed, double jointed or unjointed, cheeks, maximum lengt 16cm

19 Ponies BITS DR XC SJ Total Comfort System noseband Stübben Snaffle Bridle 2500 Freedom Passier Fortuna double bridle Elastic insert in neckband, under browband

20 PS of Sweden noseband, only used wit throat lash PS of Sweden High Jump bridle PS of Sweden Jump Off bridle Osiris bridle by vt-horses Figure Eight (crossed) noseband by Riding Tack Manufacture

21 Bombers Equestrian Flexible Mullen Bombers Equestrian Loose Ring Ultra Comfy Happy Mouth bit HB-6000-SP Happy Mouth bit HB-6801-SP Myler Weymouth (Curb) bits Smallest and largest port illustrated Myler 02 Comfort Snaffle, as Bridoon Myler 32 Mullen Barrel Snaffle, as Brid Myler 04 Low Port Comfort Snaffle, as Snaffle and Bridoon Myler 06 Mullen Barrel Snaffle, as Sna and Bridoon Available on Eggbutt; Full Cheek (as snaffle only); Hanging Cheek; Loose Ring cheeks & Bridoon Loose Rings Myler 36 Forward-Tilted Barrel Snaffle Snaffle and Bridoon

22 Myler 33WL Wide Low Ported Barrel Snaffle, as Snaffle Myler 33 Ported Barrel Snaffle, as Sna Available on Eggbutt; and Hanging Cheek Available on Eggbutt; and Hanging Cheek One (1) Ver Tag ID tag Spurs For more information, please visit:

23 APPENDIX E: Reins for Lunging and Nosebands

24 6) Stotztem (combined noseband no throat lash) NOTE: 2, 3 and 4 are not permitted when a double bridle is used 6 when used as a double bridle, the lower strap of the noseband is not allowed