UWC research on wild meat products authentication in South Africa.

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1 UWC research on wild meat products authentication in South Africa. Maria Eugenia D Amato, PhD, Ass Professor Forensic DNA Lab, University of the Western Cape, South Africa 1

2 UWC Biotechnology Department Forensic DNA Lab Life Sciences Building 2

3 Forensic DNA Lab activities Research on human genetics-forensics human identification systems (Y-chr) nanotechnology DNA diagnostic methods food DNA identification systems Training of Postgraduate students Service to SAPS 3

4 Forensic DNA Lab facilities Separate labs for research and service Separate lab for DNA extraction from highly compromised material (forensic casework) ISO accreditation (in progress) State-of-the-art laboratory equipment 4

5 Research on food authenticity Objective: investigate the reliability of wild meat labeling in SA 5

6 Experimental design Sampling Biltong, droëwors, carpaccio, smoked meat, fresh mince and fresh chunks Bought at supermarkets, delis, wholesalers, biltong shops DNA extraction Sequencing cytb + COI Matches in databases Reliability of matches Y Seminar- UWC 10 March

7 GenBank Blast searches 7

8 Evaluation of matches 1. Phylogenetic reconstruction (trees) 2. Identification of diagnostic characters per group of animals (computational algorithms) 8

9 Horses, zebras, donkies. Kangaroos FJ Equus burchellii EF Macropus robustus DQ Equus burchellii Y10524 Macropus robustus 91 FJ Equus burchellii JX Equus burchellii quagga AY Equus burchellii JX Equus burchellii quagga NC_ Macropus robustus Struthio camelus Tragelaphus strepsiceros Antidorcas marsupialis (*) JX Equus burchellii quagga 53 DQ Equus burchellii 98 EF Macropus antilopinus AY Macropus fuliginosus 45 Tragelaphus strepsiceros JN Macropus fuliginosus Equus burchellii 80 JF Equus burchellii A4 Tragelaphus strepsiceros JX Equus burchellii 84 JX Equus burchellii JX Equus grevyi X56282 Equus grevyi 95 JF Equus grevyi Equus asinus 83 EF Macropus giganteus U Macropus giganteus AY Macropus giganteus Struthio camelus U Macropus rufus Tragelaphus strepsiceros 99 AY Macropus rufus Tragelaphus strepsiceros 67 Tragelaphus strepsiceros JX Equus zebra MZNP - SA EF Macropus agilis 77 JF Equus zebra EF Macropus parma 94 JX Equus zebra hartmannae JX Equus zebra 98 JX Equus zebra 27 Zebra JF Equus hemionus onager JF Equus kiang 94 JX Equus hemionus kulan 87 JF Equus hemionus kulan JN Equus caballus NC Equus caballus JN Equus caballus 96 JN Equus caballus Antidorcas marsupialis AY Macropus parryi AY Macropus eugenii 93 AY Macropus eugenii 90 EF Macropus eugenii 83 AY Macropus eugenii EF Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus 53 EF Macropus rufogriseus banksianus 93 AY Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus 63 AY Macropus rufogriseus banksianus AY Macropus irma HQ Ornithorhynchus anatinus JN Equus caballus JF Equus przewalskii JN Equus przewalskii 62 JN Equus przewalskii JN Equus caballus 0.02 V00654 Bos taurus 9

10 Results carpaccio chunks + mince fresh sausages smoked Substitution proportions Total = 69.2 % droe wors Sampling design biltong 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

11 Substitution details Substituted samples Commercial label Species N Correc t False Substituted with beef Mixture of Other species found in non-mixed Species found in mixed species samples samples (sausages) Beef Bos taurus NA 1 NA Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis Gemsbok, kudu, eland, blue wildebeest, hartebeest, impala, common duiker, kangaroo, horse Beef + waterbuck, beef + Lamb, springbok + lamb Impala Aepyceros melampus Blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus Bontebok or blesbok Nyala - Gemsbok Oryx gazella Kudu, blesbok or bontebok, blue wildebeest, impala Warthog Phacochoerus africanus Ostrich Struthio camelus Springbok, kudu, black wildebeest, kangaroo Eland Tragelaphus oryx Gemsbok, kudu, blue wildebeest, - - Ostrich + lamb, beef + pork, beef + lamb Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros Hartebeest, gemsbok, waterbuck, eland, mountain zebra, giraffe, lamb, kangaroo Kangaroo + beef, beef + lamb, eland + hartebeest Blesbok Damaliscus pygargus Bushbuck - Zebra Equus burchelli Game Game Gemsbok - Total

12 Game substitutions Other game 41.6% Horse 1% Pork 1% Beef 42.6% Kangaroo 7% Sheep 7% Other game undeclared species Hartebeest Blesbok Giraffe Common duiker Waterbuck Wildebeests bushbuck Cape Mountain Zebra 12

13 The major challenges: Scarce information in reference databases We needed to seek for reference material The large amount of uncovered genetic variation in the continent 13

14 Other research projects in the FDL Genetic variation at Y-chromosome Development of DNA-detection systems with Au nanoparticles Development of fast PCR DNAdetection systems Development of a commercial prototypesexual assault rape application THRIP-NRF funded Concept note - in consideration for patenting (TTO-UWC). Human ID- Food Human ID- Food 14

15 Acknowledgements Desire Dalton, Antoinette Cotzee (National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria) Eric Harley, Quagga Project Cathy Dreyer, SANPARKS Funded by NRF and UWC BIT s 2 nd Annual Congress of Forensics

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