1. What is the National Wildlife Refuge System? 2. Who started the National Wildlife Refuge System? When?

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1 Honors Biology ANWR Scored Discussion Prep Handout 1 Source: US Fish and Wildlife Service / ANWR Name: Purpose: The purpose of this handout is to help you research some of the basic facts regarding the following topics that relate to your upcoming scored discussion: - What exactly is a wildlife refuge? - What exactly is the ANWR? - What exactly does the ANWR say about drilling oil on its grounds To answer the questions below, you must: 1. Go to our web page: 2. Scroll down to the Ecology Unit (Unit 2). 3. Look in the links section and find the section called ANWR Scored Discussion Links 4. Find the link called "America's National Wildlife Refuges". Click on it. A PDF file will download. 5. Answer the questions below: What IS a National Wildlife Refuge anyway? 1. What is the National Wildlife Refuge System? 2. Who started the National Wildlife Refuge System? When? 3. How many refuges do we now have nationwide? 4. How many people visit National Wildlife Refuges each year? 5. According to this sheet, what has "top priority" in a wildlife refuge?: 6. According to this sheet, how many species of birds have homes in refuges? mammals? amphibians and reptiles? fish? 7. How many threatened or endangered species live in habitat provided by refuges? 8. Why are refuges especially important to migrating birds? 9. Are people allowed inside wildlife refuges? If so, explain ways in which people use refuges: Using your browser s BACK BUTTON, go back to our the Ecology Unit page and under the Scored Discussion Links, click on link 2, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge U.S. Government Information. In the sidebar on the far left, Click on Management. Scroll down to Refuge Features. Click on the link that says Description of the Refuge. Answer the questions that follow: What exactly is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge? 11. Using the text of its own brochure, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge describes itself as follows: The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a vast and beautiful wilderness, one unique in North America. Unique because it has a full range of arctic and subarctic ecosystems. It also says that it is unique for additional reasons. What are they?

2 12. Name the two groups of native people who live in the ANWR: 13. In the section called "A Northern Frontier", the reading states that the ANWR is one of the world's most natural areas. They also say it is a frontier perhaps America's. Scroll Down to A Conservation Legacy 3. In addition to conservationists George Collins, Lowell Sumner, and Olaus and Mardy Murie what groups mobilized to permanently safeguard the area that is now the ANWR? 4. In what year was the Arctic National Wildlife RANGE created? 5. When was the Alaska Lands Act passed by Congress? What two things did this act do? a. changed the name to: b. did what to it s size: 6. Today the ANWR is how many acres? This is about as big as what state? 7. Today the ANWR has how many rivers designated as Wild? 8. Today, the ANWR has how much area designated as Wilderness? Scroll Down to "Mountains to Meadows" 9. What mountain range is within the ANWR? How high is it? These mountains "rise from a tundra-covered plain. Scroll Down to "Rich and Fragile Habitats" 10. Why does the reading call the Refuge a "fragile area easily impacted by human activities"? 11. True or False (circle one): Plant communities in the refuge recover quickly from being disturbed. Scroll Down to "A Wilderness for the Ages" 12. According to the reading, give some reasons why the ANWR is so significant: Scroll Down to "Protecting the Values" 13. The reading states that: "The entire refuges is managed to maintain its condition, diversity of and, and other special values. Scroll Down to "Visiting the Refuge" 14. If you were to visit the Refuge, during what months would you expect snow on the ground? 15. What's the only way to get access into the refuge? Why? That is, what does the refuge LACK?

3 Scroll Down to "Wilderness Recreation" 16. What are the main travel routes in the refuge? 17. Under "Hiking and Camping", author Debbie Miller is quoted. What does she say the ANWR lacks?. She also says that when within the Arctic Reguge, one should expect to meet nature on its terms. 18. Is hunting and fishing allowed on the Refuge? According to Arctic Refuge Visitor, Sandy Jamison, what is special about hunting at the Refuge? Scroll Down to "Special Considerations" 19. Because the ANWR is so remote, how should visitors be prepared to handle ANY situation? Scroll Down to "Preserve the Legacy" 20. In this section, the reading states: "Explore this wilderness on its own terms. Make demands on, not the. Leave no trace of your presence. Pack what you pack. Why? Using your browser s BACK BUTTON, go back to our Ecology Unit page and under the Scored Discussion Links, click on link 3, Wilderness Act of Answer the questions below: 21. In the Wilderness Act of 1964, scroll down to the definition of wilderness from The Wilderness Act. What does it mean to be a wilderness? (do NOT RECITE THE ENTIRE DEFINITION. Pick out those phrases which seem to be most stand out to YOU). 22. Scroll down to "Prohibition of Certain Uses". According to this section of the Wilderness Act of 1964, what activities, etc. are prohibited in a wilderness area? (AGAIN, PLEASE DON T LIST ALL OF THEM) In this SAME SECTION (actually, section d2), what does the Wilderness Act say about special provisions or exceptions that ARE allowed in a Wilderness area (make special note of what they say about mineral resources ): What do you think they mean by the term "mineral resources"? Using your browser s BACK BUTTON, go back to our the Ecology Unit page and under the Scored Discussion Links, click on link 4, Arctic National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Answer the questions below: 23. When was the Arctic National Interest Lands Conservation Act or ANILCA enacted by congress? 24. ANILCA designated most of the original Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Range as, EXCEPT for what important area?

4 25. Section 1002 of the ANILCA required that studies be performed to provide information to. List the 3 types of studies to be performed: Inventory and assessment of and resources Analysis of potential impacts of and exploration and development on those fish and wildlife resources A study of the extent and amount of potential resources 26. Scrolling down to near the bottom of this page, you will see that congress declared the following in the 1003 section of ANILCA: "That the production of and from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is and no leasing or other development leading to production of oil and gas from the [Refuge] shall be undertaken until 27. In the sidebar on the left of the page, click on Management and use the map provided to identify the critical 1002 area. Draw an ARROW on the map below to indicate the location of the 1002 area within the ANWR. Scroll down on this same page to the "Refuge Features" section. Click on the "Journey through the Refuge" link. 28. Use this Journey through the Refuge page to describe some of the things one might find at the ANWR BE DESCRIPTIVE: On the left sidebar column, Click on Wildlife and Habitat". Under "Mammals", CLICK on CARIBOU 29. What is the Porcupine Caribou herd named after? 30. Where does the Porcupine Caribou herd spend its winters? For whom are they an important food source? 31. Where are the traditional calving grounds of the herd? How far must they migrate to get there? What does calving mean?

5 During what months of the year is the herd at the calving grounds? SCROLL DOWN to CARIBOU and the COASTAL PLAIN 32. List the two main reasons why the Refuge coastal plain is so important to calving success and survival of the Porcupine Caribou herd: a) b) 33. Study the map on this page. How does the calving sites relate to the area that has been the center of the oil drilling debate area 1002? Use your browser s BACK BUTTON to return to the Wildlife and Habitat Page. Click on POLAR BEARS 34. Where do polar bears spend MOST of their time? 35. Why do females come on shore at the coast? 36. At what time of year do they do this? When do they give birth? When do the mother and cubs usually emerge from the den? Where do they go? Use your browser s BACK BUTTON to return to the Wildlife and Habitat PAGE. Click on Polar Bear Denning and Locations and Habitats Use the map and the READING BELOW THE MAP to answer the questions below: 37. What percentage of polar bear dens on the coast of Alaska s mainland was located in the ANWR? What percentage of those dens in the ANWR was located within the 1002 area? Use your browser s BACK BUTTON to return to the WILDLIFE PAGE. Scroll DOWN The list of animals found in the refuge and click on some that interest you to learn more. For Tell two animals you clicked on and something that you learned about them: Use your browser s BACK BUTTON to return return to our Ecology Unit page. Under the Scored Discussion section (under Links) Click on Link 5, Potential Impacts of Development. 40. SCROLL DOWN to the map showing entire North Slope of Alaska. Which is larger the portion in which oil drilling is permitted (pink and tan) or the ANWR? (circle one) 41. SCROLL DOWN a little further to view the reading and picture of an oil development site at Prudhoe Bay. a. What is significant about the oil field at Prudhoe Bay? b. Again, look at the map and see where Prudhoe Bay is in relation to the ANWR. Because of it s proximity to Prudhoe Bay (as well as other evidence) it was thought that the ANWR might also contain

6 c. In 1980, the entire area of the ANWR, except a small region at the north coast was classified as Wilderness What is the name given to the small region of the north coast? SCROLL DOWN past the MAP and the picture of scientists in the field (on the left). SCOLL until you see the photo of the KIC Well pad and Drill pit after site closure. READ the section below this photo. 42. STUDIES WERE DONE and SUBMITTED TO CONGRESS in 1987: a) Upon what wildlife was it found that drilling would have MAJOR impact? b) Upon what wildlife was it found that drilling would have MODERATE impact? c) Was drilling found to have an impact on the people of the area as well? d) What did the SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR recommend to CONGRESS after this study was presented? e) What was one important event in 1989 that caused Congress to take no action on this recommendation for several years? f) In 1995, Congress passed a provision allowing for drilling in the ANWR. What was President Clinton s response? 43. SCROLL DOWN TO HOW MUCH OIL IS IN THE ARCTIC REFUGE? a. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) there is a 95% chance of finding billion barrels of oil that are economically recoverable in the ANWR. 44. CONTINUE SCROLLING DOWN a) According to the ANWR, are there other places on the North Slope of Alaska that provide opportunities for exploration and development that are outside the ANWR? 45. SCROLL DOWN TO Potential Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on Refuge Resources a) have technological advances in oil and gas exploration and development reduced some of the harmful environmental effects? b) however, oil and gas development remains an industrial process. 46. Suppose any oil in the ANWR is not present in one giant field, but in many smaller "accumulations". What would this mean for the amount of development that would occur across the 1002 site? 47. Water is limited in the 1002 area. What effect would this have on the type of roads that would be constructed? non-permanent ice roads or permanent gravel roads likely (circle one) 48. List at least 4 possible biological consequences of drilling in the 1002 area:

7 d) SCROLL DOWN TO Impacts of Winter Exploration : a) Winter time exploration for oil has less of an impact on some species because they leave the area during the winter. Name some organisms that are absent from the area in the winter months: b) Name some species that are adapted for the arctic and do NOT leave over the winter months: c) Could winter drilling impact tundra vegetation? SCROLL DOWN TO Impacts of Year-Round Oil Field Development 49. If exploration does lead to OIL, then year round development of the resource might occur in order to provide oil on a year round basis. a) What species would be impacted from year round development of the oil resource? b) List 4 ways the ANWR says the Porcupine Caribou Herd MIGHT be affected if the 1002 area were developed. 1) 2) 3) 4) c) How many species of birds are known to use the 1002 area? Why might snow geese be negatively impacted? Using your browser s BACK BUTTON, go back to our the Ecology Unit page and under the Scored Discussion Links, click on link 6, FAQ's. 50. What is the Arctic Refuge Staff opinion of oil development in the refuge? (please don't rewrite the whole response just paraphrase) Scroll down to the next question: "Will development happen only happen in 2000 acres?" 51. There is something called a "2000 acre limitation clause" in most legislation that seeks to open the ANWR for drilling. This says that the "footprint" of a drilling operation could not exceed 2000 acres in the 1002 area. a) How big is the whole 1002 area? b) According to the reading, ss there really any chance the entire 1002 area could be affected if only 2000 acres can be developed? EXPLAIN: _

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