Chapter 5: Beaver, Bison and Black Robes: Montana s Fur Trade Chapter Review Worksheet

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1 Chapter 5: Beaver, Bison and Black Robes: Montana s Fur Trade Chapter Review Worksheet 1. Europeans sought thicker, more luxurious beaver pelts from the Rocky Mountains so they could make fashionable, warm hats. Why didn t they just use their own beaver instead? (p.82) 2. What was the main advantage of the rendezvous system over the post-and-brigade system? (p.86) 3. Describe three ways that Indian women were essential to the fur trade. (p.89) 4. Explain how the smallpox was spread through Montana from (p.93) Identifying Key Terms: Match the following terms to the sentence describing them. Brigades Brucellosis St. Mary s Mission Free Trappers Prophecy Monopoly Red River Carts Rendezvous Tribal Economies 5. were teams of Indian, Métis and non-indian trappers that would travel on long fur-trapping expeditions, building posts and traveling wide areas in large groups. 6. The Métis were vital to the fur trade for communicating between Indians and white trappers. They also supplied western forts using modified wagons called. 7. Fur trappers that worked in spot by themselves or with a few partners instead of sweeping through a territory in fur company brigades were called. 8. Fur traders, mountain men and Indian trappers gathered at every summer. 9. The American Fur Company gained a over the fur trade of the Upper Missouri, which means they gained complete control over it. 10. Indian tribes continued to hunt and trade bison because depended on participating in the trade. 11. Bison herds weren t only devastated by hunters. A disease that spreads between cattle and bison called also weakened herd numbers. 12. The Salish were told about the spiritual power of Christianity by an Iroquois trapper and hoped the religion would give them power. Christianity reminded them of a foreseen by Shining Shirt, who talked of the Creator, the Evil One and men in black dresses.

2 13. The Black Robe Pierre-Jean de Smet oversaw the building of with the Salish, but he and other missionaries mostly failed to permanently convert Native people because they demanded that Indian people completely abandon their culture. Names of the Fur Trade: Write the name of the correct fur company, fort or people in the blank. 14. The British-owned Company was the first corporation in North America. 15. The Company was the rival of the Hudson s Bay Company before the two enemies merged into one business in The Assiniboine and were accomplished middlemen between fur traders and other tribes. 17. In 1807, built the first fur post in Montana at the confluence of the Yellowstone and Bighorn Rivers and called it Fort Manuel Lisa or Fort Ramon. 18. In 1809, Manuel Lisa and several partners formed the Fur Company, which became the first American-owned fur company to operate in the region. 19. When Manuel Lisa s Three Forks Post, also called Fort (see map on p.82), was sieged by the Blackfeet it proved that both brigades and posts were easy to attack and could not function if local tribes chose to oppose them. 20. was the first American to lead a huge trapping expedition, composed of around 100 men, to Montana. 21. The corporation founded by John Jacob Astor that would come to dominate the Upper Missouri River was the Company. 22. The AFC controlled strategic points for its transportation network, including Astoria on the Oregon Coast and at the confluence of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers. 23. The American Fur Company gained a major victory in the fur trade when the Blackfeet allowed them to build in the heart of their territory. 24. The bison trade overtook the beaver trade when bison hide became a popular commodity as a robe or to create belts for factory machinery. Hunting bison was also easier than trapping beaver because skilled could shoot hundreds of bison a day. 25. Fur traders tried to use a cheap, polluted whisky to control and bribe their trading partners. Though U.S. law eventually outlawed this practice, most traders ignored it.

3 Chapter 6: Montana s Gold and Silver Boom Chapter Review Worksheet Reviewing Key Terms and People: Write the person or key term in the blank that best completes the sentence. Many people and terms are not shown in bold words in your textbook. Chapter 6, Section 1: (p ) 1. The economic pattern in which the discovery of gold brings sudden activity followed by decline is called the. 2. and farmers followed the miners, knowing they could get rich by selling them supplies, food and equipment. 3. Benetsee (Francois Finlay) was the first person to find gold. He discovered in in the early 1850 s at. 4. The brothers made the next discovery of gold in the late 1850 s at Gold Creek. 5. John White and William Eads found gold along Grasshopper Creek in A gold camp sprang up at the site called. 6. When miners found a or a, it means that they found a lot of gold or other precious metals. 7. found gold at Alder Gulch in1863, which eventually became a string of towns including Virginia City. 8. The Four Georgians struck gold at in1864. The town of Helena now sits at this location. 9. is the separating of loose gold and nuggets from dirt, sand and gravel in a creek bed. 10. Though popular pictures show images of an old prospector, most were under age. 11. By the late 1870 s there were nearly mining camps in Montana. In the first four years of the gold rush alone Montana produced today s equivalent of $1.1 billion in gold. 12. The town of was the last stop for steamboats on the Missouri and the beginning of the Mullan Road. 13. The first prospectors to Montana made their homes out of tents, crude log cabins or.

4 14. Most mining towns needed a/an to determine the value of gold. 15. At first provided most of the minters food and supplies, but as time passed local farmers and ranchers supplied their food. 16. In every town the and dance halls served as social centers for young, single men. 17. Mining towns often sprang up in the middle of tribal territory and cut off Indian peoples access to traditional lands and water sources. To make it worse, farmers also plowed up grazing grounds. 18. The Piegan Blackfeet chief named took pity on starving miners and fed them. Soon after, the miners killed four of the men from his band. Chapter 6, Section 2: (p ) 19. Most people carried their gold around in a small sack called a. 20. was an African American woman who ran Virginia City s water utility. 21. In 1882, the U.S. passed the, which barred Chinese laborers from entering the country. 22. As soon as miners staked their claims, they set up because they could not rely on far-away governments to help them. 23. was the Sheriff of Bannack, but was also secretly the leader of a group of criminals called the Innocents. 24. volunteered to prosecute a member of the Innocents, leading to the formation of a Vigilance Committee. 25. were unofficial policemen that took the law into their own hands.

5 Chapter 6, Section 3: (p ) 26. Before 1864, the land we now call Montana was part of Territory with the capital of Lewiston. 27. The Southern states that formed an alliance and broke away from the United States were called the. 28. Montana Territory s first governor,, persuaded Congress to make Montana a territory by convincing them that the gold fields here were valuable. 29. Congress passed the in 1864, making Montana a territory. 30. The federal government appointed leaders in the territories (Governor, Secretary, Judges, etc.) Though the people of the territory could elect a territorial delegate, this person could not in the U.S. Senate. 31. Most of the new Montanans were, and many of them were loyal to the South. Chapter 6, Section 4: (p ) 32. Recovering gold embedded in rock is called quartz mining. Because it required large, expensive, only big businesses could afford it. 33. This sort of mining starts with miners removing ore from deep shafts in the hillside. The ore is then crushed at a then shipped to other places to be refined. 34. In the 1870 s and 80 s, the U.S. mint began to buy Montana s and railroads entered Montana. This led many former gold mines and towns in Montana to recover. 35. The silver boom crashed in 1893 when the canceled its silver contracts and the silver market collapsed.