Quality Deer Management and Prescribed Fire Natural Partners in Wildlife and Habitat Conservation

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1 Quality Deer Management and Prescribed Fire Natural Partners in Wildlife and Habitat Conservation Brian Murphy CEO / Wildlife Biologist Quality Deer Management Association

2 About the QDMA 22-year-old nonprofit conservation organization with nearly 50,000 members in all 50 states, Canada and several countries, including more than 3,000 wildlife biologists and natural resource professionals 180 Branches in 35 states and Canada National Headquarters & Education Center Athens, Georgia

3 QDMA Mission To ensure the future of white-tailed deer, wildlife habitat and our hunting heritage. QDMA s Mission

4 QDMA Educational Resources

5

6 Current National Issues/Trends

7 Whitetails are the backbone of the U.S. hunting industry! Available online at: QDMA.com Whitetail hunting generates over 50% of the entire $67 billion U.S. hunting industry Four times more hunters hunt deer than the next closest species There are numerous current and potential threats to whitetail herds and hunting

8 Economic & Industry Impacts Expenditures by deer hunters represent 53% of all hunting expenditures

9 Deer Population Trends From 1985 to 2005, the U.S. whitetail population doubled from 14 to 30 million U.S. Whitetail Population 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000, Year

10 Whitetail Densities Decreases in East Increases in West 1999 > 45 deer / sq. mile deer / sq. mile deer / sq. mile < 15 deer / sq. mile 2005

11 Increased Deer / Human Conflicts

12 Fewer Hunters as a Percentage of the U.S. Population % Hunters in U.S. Population Source: American Sports Data, SUPERSTUDY

13 Decreased Wildlife Agency Budgets and Services Can t do more with less money and staff

14 Increased Private Wildlife Services Wildlife consulting is growing as the number and needs of recreational landowners is increasing.

15 Increased Private Ownership of Recreational Lands In fact, from , the number of hunters purchasing land increased 56% and now exceeds 1.34 million throughout the U.S. Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

16 Increasing Involvement in QDM and Habitat Management on Private Lands Without question these are the Good Ol Days

17 What is Quality Deer Management? The approach under which young bucks are protected from harvest combined with an adequate harvest of female deer to produce healthy deer herds in balance with existing habitat conditions. It is NOT Trophy Management!

18 Percent Yearling Bucks in the Nationwide Antlered Buck Harvest ( ) % reduction in 20 years resulting in 735,000 fewer yearling bucks harvested today

19 Prescribed Fire and QDM: Opportunities and Barriers

20 Four Cornerstones of QDM

21 Prescribed Fire can be a Valuable Tool for Managing: 1) Hardwood Stands 2) Pine Stands 3) Old Fields

22 Managing Hardwood Stands for Wildlife Many landowners hardwood forests look like this

23 But, they can look like this

24 Fire Timing and Frequency Growing-season fire - September October - reduces woody understory - stimulates herbaceous cover - best adapted to drier sites - every 3 5 years Sept 24 Dormant-season fire - reduces litter - stimulates woody sprouting - dry or relatively moist sites - every 3 4 years March 27

25 Won t fire kill my trees? Fire may damage hardwoods Fire may damage pines also! Low intensity is key! Don t burn to mineral soil Burn with moist duff layer Move debris from around trunk Burned April 19

26 Fire Effects on Deer Carrying Capacity deer days/ ac Nutritional Carrying Capacity (14% CP mixed diet) following silvicultural treatments, Chuck Swan SF, Control Fire SW SW & Fire RC & Fire RC & Herb RC & Herb & Fire

27 28 Apr 2006 Managing Pine Stands for Wildlife

28 Managing Pine Stands for Wildlife 18 July 2006 Nutritious forage and fawning cover available

29 Nutritional Carrying Capacity Number of days 1 deer can be supported on 1 acre Late-rotation Loblolly Pines Deer-days/acre Edwards et al QVM Untreated

30 Comparative Results: Mississippi pines Control: 106 lbs / ac QVM treatment: 387 lbs / ac Cowpeas: 485 lbs / ac Tennessee hardwoods Control: 114 lbs / ac RC w/ fire: 641 lbs / ac Cowpeas: 3072 lbs / ac

31 Managing Old Fields for Wildlife Adjust the composition - kill undesirable plants - promote desirable plants Maintain succession Prescribed fire year interval - alternate seasons Disking - on quarters - season of disking Herbicide applications

32 Remove the Carpet!

33 From a Tall Fescue Field to. quality early successional cover nothing planted

34 Increasing Forb Availability for Wildlife White-tailed deer ~ 70 % summer diet prickly lettuce partridge pea ragweed pokeweed old-field aster

35 Forage Quality and Use by Deer Species Selectivity CP old-field aster high 23 prickly lettuce high 22 pokeweed high 32 ragweed med 18 goldenrod med 16 3-seeded mercury med 25

36 The Perfect Composition EXCELLENT cover, EXCELLENT forage

37 Barriers to Increased Use of Prescribed Fire by Private Landowners

38 #1 -- Fear! 1) Uncontrollable wildfire 2) Damage property, structures, neighboring property, etc. 3) Liability 4) Smoke management 5) Unknown

39 When / Where Did This Fear Originate?

40 Other Barriers #2 Lack of Awareness of Value - Continued education and outreach #3 Lack of Training - Increased training opportunities for private landowners #4 Lack of Awareness of Available Resources (e.g., GFC)

41 Questions?

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