Secret Spaces. The status of Local Wildlife Sites 2014 & why these special places need saving. Protecting Wildlife for the Future

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1 Secret Spaces The status of Local Wildlife Sites 2014 & why these special places eed savig Protectig Wildlife for the Future

2 The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 03 Secret Spaces Dry Street Pastures, Essex The status of Eglad s Local Wildlife Sites 2014 Carr Wood, Derbyshire Small pearl bordered fritilary Wilderess Islad, Lodo From mystical aciet woodlads ad vibrat, colourful meadows to quiet churchyards ad bustlig flower-rich roadsides; ad, from field-borderig hedgerows to tiy copses, Eglad ejoys special, ofte uoticed wild places where ature thrives. These secret spaces, kow as Local Wildlife Sites, are truly exceptioal areas of lad with sigificat wildlife value. They are frequetly a legacy of the goodwill ad care of their ladowers ad maagers ad of decades of hard graft by coservatioists. Pymore Reedbed Dorset Drayto Drewray, Norfolk Stoke Newigto East Reservoir, Lodo Embleto Local Wildlife Site (withi a golf course), Northumberlad St Ae s o Sea, Fylde, Lacashire Copper Hill, Licolshire ocal Wildlife Sites cover L at least five percet of Eglad s lad mass. They vary substatially i size ad shape. They ca be privately or publically owed ad foud i the depths of the coutryside ad estled i busy tows ad cities. These special areas have bee idetified ad selected by parterships of local authorities, ecologists ad local ature experts usig robust, scietifically determied criteria ad detailed ecological surveys. Ulike may ature reserves, these special places are ot protected by law ad most are ot owed by coservatio orgaisatios. While they have o direct legal status, Local Wildlife Sites are cosidered importat eough to receive recogitio withi the plaig system. Natioal plaig policy 1 requires local authorities to idetify Local Wildlife Sites ad provide for their protectio through local policy. But, the demads o our lad have ever bee greater. Predicted growth i housig, ew roads ad other ifrastructure are all set to icrease. Chages to farm eviromet schemes are reducig the icetives for owers of Local Wildlife Sites to gai support for their maagemet; austerity measures threate the maagemet of publically-owed sites. The there is the questio of how people ad wildlife will respod to a chagig climate. Whe these factors are cosidered i combiatio, it is o surprise that these importat refuges for wildlife are vulerable ad have ever bee uder so much pressure. Cowslips at Crich Chase, Derbyshire Every three years The Wildlife Trusts publish a assessmet of Local Wildlife Sites based o a atioal survey of Local Wildlife Site parterships. This report accompaies a full techical report The status of Eglad s Local Wildlife Sites 2014 ad presets some of the key poits ad treds alog with some backgroud iformatio. Despite their cosiderable value to wildlife ad people, Local Wildlife Sites are beig lost ad damaged at a sigificat rate. Who treasures ad takes care of these places? Most Local Wildlife Sites are i private owership ad it is ultimately ladowers ad farmers, ofte with the support of ature coservatioists, who secure the ogoig existece of these special places through sesitive habitat maagemet ad sheer commitmet ad care for ature. There are also more tha 50 parterships of local authorities, coservatio bodies, Local Record Cetres ad local specialists across most of the coutry, helpig to care for these amazig places. Each partership is resposible for surveyig, assessig ad selectig sites agaist robust local criteria. Oce sites are selected, parters ca advise ladowers o lad maagemet ad grats. They should also periodically moitor the sites to assess their status ad the effectiveess of the advice give. Ufortuately, due to a lack of resources most sites are ot regularly revisited ad, cosequetly, we do t have a complete picture of their coditio: this report provides a sap-shot of what we do kow ad presets some worryig treds. Burgess Park Southwark Lodo Breach Hill Commo, Avo Bombus lucorum Foxholes Heath Derbyshire,

3 04 Secret Spaces :The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 05 Why do Local Wildlife Sites matter? Because of the way sites are selected for atioal protectio, the wildlife-rich habitats of Berkshire, Buckighamshire ad Oxfordshire receive virtually o legal protectio. Just over 1% of our regio is protected the atioal average is just uder 8%. Our Local Wildlife Sites, without the status of atioal sites, but which may have just as much wildlife value, therefore support the vast majority of our wildlife. Most survive thaks to sympathetic ladowers, ad they eed support. Without these sites quite simply we would have virtually o wildlife left. Matt Jackso, Head of Coservatio, Policy ad Strategy at Berks, Bucks, Oxo Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) ocal Wildlife Sites are vitally importat L for wildlife ad people alike. May studies have show how they add value to local commuities ad cotribute sigificatly to our quality of life, health, well-beig ad educatio. While may are private ad/or out of reach - the very existece of this etwork of thousads of areas of atural habitat across the coutry cotributes to the wildlife we fid i our gardes, parks ad other public atural spaces. Ultimately, they also provide some of the atural services we rely o to maitai a healthy ad sustaiable eviromet; such as clea air ad water, polliators ad food productio, ad flood resiliece. Improved health, well-beig ad social iteractio As a populatio, we are experiecig icreasig levels of obesity ad physical iactivity 2 ad oe i four of us will experiece a metal health problem at some poit i our lives 3 Yet atural places such as Local Wildlife Sites ca ecourage physical activity ad help to improve health. I geeral: idividuals with easy access to ature are three times more likely to participate i physical activity ad 40% less likely to become overweight or obese 4,5 people livig ear moderate or high quality gree space are twice as likely to report low psychological distress tha those livig ear low quality ope spaces 6 the simple act of viewig ature from a widow ca reduce stress, icrease recovery from illess ad 7, 8, 9, 10 improve cocetratio ad mood ature close to the home icreases the ability of childre to cope with stressful life evets, directed 11, 12 attetio ad cogitive fuctio access to earby ature ca facilitate social iteractio 13, 14 which i tur provides direct health beefits ature ear the home reduces the risk of crime, 15, 16, 17, 18 aggressio ad domestic violece I the UK, the costs of physical iactivity to the ecoomy are 20 billio per year icludig direct treatmet costs ad work days lost through sickess 19 ad i the total cost of metal health problems was estimated at billio 20 Norfolk Wildlife Trust staff meetig a ower Frieds of Carr Wood hay makig, Derbyshire Hickiwood Pod Derbyshire Upper Beahall Meadows, Worcestershire Moss Farm Staffordshire White admiral,gutteridge Wood, Lodo Alog with our statutory protected sites like Sites of Special Scietific Iterest (SSSIs) ad Natioal Nature Reserves, Local Wildlife Sites ow represet the core areas where much of Eglad s wildlife resides. As chages i lad-use have eroded ad fragmeted the wildlife-rich expase of habitats that oce covered the coutry, these places are ow refuges for wildlife - remat islads i a sea of itesively maaged urba, coastal ad rural ladscapes. Some habitats such as wildflower meadows, mires, fes ad wet woodlads are ow so scarce that the majority qualify for Local Wildlife Site status as a miimum. They offer vital haves for a wealth of wildlife icludig may threateed ad decliig plats such as: frog orchid, gree wiged orchid, Isle of Ma cabbage, limestoe fer, marsh getia ad the beautifully amed coral ecklace; ad aimals icludig: pearl-bordered fritillary, grizzled skipper, yellow wagtail, oble chafer, grass sake, slow-worm, harvest mouse ad water vole. Vital haves for Eglad s wildlife Eighty percet of threateed vascular plats, all priority butterfly species ad sigificat areas of Eglad s most importat habitats ca be foud i Local Wildlife Sites 21 But o matter how rich i wildlife they are o their ow, these sites are ot eough to sustai wildlife populatios idefiitely. Little by little species start to disappear. The State of Nature report, published i 2013 by a partership of coservatio orgaisatios, revealed that over the past 50 years, 60 percet of 3,148 ative wildlife species studied have 22 bee i declie, with 30 percet i sharp declie. Ad curretly, more tha oe i te of all the species assessed are uder threat of disappearig altogether. If society wats to stop ad reverse this tred of wildlife loss ad provide for ature s recovery, we have to expad, restore ad recreate habitats o a ladscape-scale, way beyod the boudaries of traditioal ature reserves ad wildlife sites. This is cetral to The Wildlife Trusts Livig Ladscape visio 23 ad core to the outcome of a comprehesive review of Eglad s Wildlife Sites led by Professor Sir Joh Lawto i This review revealed that there were serious shortcomigs i our existig etwork. It recommeded that greater protectio should be give to Local Wildlife Sites ad their maagemet must be improved. It cocluded that we eed to take steps to rebuild ature by providig more atural areas, which are bigger, better ad more joied up, so that existig fragmets of wildlife-rich lad are recoected to create a climate-resiliet ad self-sustaiig whole. Local Wildlife Sites are key to makig this happe. As the atural gree fabric of our tows ad coutryside, collectively they create a web of steppig stoes ad corridors for wildlife. They buffer ad kit the gaps betwee other ature coservatio sites ad atural spaces ad they provide the essetial foudatios aroud which we should be able to brig about ature s recovery. Local Wildlife Sites ad Sites of Special Scietific Iterest (SSSIs) There is a geeral miscoceptio that all the best ature coservatio sites are desigated ad legally protected. This is ot the case. While the etwork of Sites of Special Scietific Iterest (SSSIs) is crucially importat, they represet oly a small sample of our most importat habitats ad their species; the SSSI etwork is selective ad is ot iteded to be comprehesive. Numerous areas with equivalet ature coservatio value are ot desigated as SSSIs ad have o protectio despite beig of equal or greater value to wildlife. By cotrast, the approach for Local Wildlife Sites is comprehesive: all sites which meet the give criteria are selected, some of which are of SSSI quality. Cosequetly, i some couties Local Wildlife Sites are where most of our special wildlife ca be foud. For example, i Nottighamshire, SSSIs accout for just 1.5 percet of the couty s area whilst Local Wildlife Sites cover 10 percet. I Greater Lodo there are just 37 SSSIs compared to more tha 1,500 Local Wildlife Sites, coverig eight times the area ad almost 20 percet of the capital. Eve i traditioally wildlife-rich areas of the coutry, Local Wildlife Sites are vital. I Wiltshire, for example, 75 percet of deciduous woodlad is foud i Local Wildlife Sites, compared with just 10 percet i SSSIs; ad i Derbyshire outside of the Peak District Natioal Park, 978 hectares of semi-atural grasslad is withi Local Wildlife Sites ad oly 179 hectares withi SSSIs.

4 06 Secret Spaces :The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 07 Refuges at risk: the problems I Cumbria 35 out of 128 uplad hay meadow Local Wildlife Sites were deselected followig surveys betwee due to their decliig wildlife diversity. I caot remember exactly whe I first started voluteerig at Wilderess Islad but I do remember clearig up the falle trees as a result of the October 1987 storm. I did ot realise the that early 30 years later I would be leadig the tasks. It has bee a iterestig ad rewardig jourey; very much puctuated by bursts of activity by staff from Lodo Wildlife Trust whe we have bee fortuate eough to gai fudig for major habitat works. Voluteer - Wilderess Islad Local Wildlife Site, Lodo Borough of Sutto Despite their cosiderable value, Local Wildlife Sites are beig lost ad damaged at a sigificat rate. Damage ca rage from destructio of all or part of a site through to a declie i habitat quality ad speciesrichess. A recet survey udertake i 2013/14 by The Wildlife Trusts 26 foud that 717 out of 6,590 (or 11%) of Local Wildlife Sites moitored were reported lost or damaged i the five years betwee 2009 ad owever, this figure could just be H the tip of the iceberg as lack of resources mea that oly 15% of Eglad s 42,865 Local Wildlife Sites have bee checked withi the last five years. A 2008 report by Norfolk Wildlife Trust cocluded that 69% of the 60 grasslad Local Wildlife Sites visited betwee were i poor ad decliig coditio. The sese of degradatio ad the erosio of biodiversity is eve more evidet from local data. I just five years, the habitat quality of 118 (9%) of Dorset s Local Wildlife Sites deteriorated sigificatly. I Ket, 45 sites have bee damaged ad three lost out of just 147 moitored; ad i North Yorkshire, of the 233 sites visited, 69 sites were foud to be damaged ad ie had bee lost altogether. Regrettably, this is ot a ew tred. Betwee 1984 ad 2008, 130 of Derbyshire s Local Wildlife Sites were destroyed ad aother 62 were reduced i size. I Cheshire West & Chester, almost a third of grasslad Local Wildlife Sites have declied i the last 16 years, ad i Worcestershire at least 48 grasslad Local Wildlife Sites (coverig a area of 238 hectares) have bee lost, damaged or have deteriorated sice The same survey idetified that the biggest threats are lack of maagemet or the wrog kid of maagemet; ad more tha half of the parterships also cited developmet as a key threat. Deterioratio ad loss of species is a serious issue as this ca lead to sites beig deselected ad losig their protectio ad status withi the plaig system. These threats are aggravated by a severe lack of resources. Forty five out of 47 parterships reported that they urgetly require more resources to esure the effective idetificatio, maagemet ad protectio of Local Wildlife Sites i their area. The lack of resources meas that site surveys remai icomplete, sites are ot recogised, protected or moitored ad, vitally, o help or moey is o had to advise ad support owers with the care of their sites or i applyig for grats ad additioal fudig. The survey foud that less tha a quarter of parterships provide lad maagemet advice for all sites i their area, with costraits liked to lack of time ad staff to idetify ad keep track of chagig lad owership ad to provide the relevat advice. This lack of capacity also impacts o the time available to support ladowers to apply for lad maagemet grats ad subsidies. Curretly, oly three parterships are providig this service for all sites; with almost a third uable to provide ay support at all. The survey showed that the umber of paid ad voluteer staff workig specifically o Local Wildlife Sites i Eglad is i the regio The bad...damage to Local Wildlife Site at Dale Road, Buxto, Derbyshire CHANGE IMAGES The good...frog orchid thrivig at Lots Lae Pasture, Derbyshire AS PER PDF of oe for every 100 sites ad, of these, more tha 70% do so i a part-time capacity. The distributio of staff is ot evely spread, so i some parts of the coutry there are far fewer resources available. Voluteers ad local commuities have a vital role to play i the future of may Local Wildlife Sites but they are frequetly give oly limited resources ad support. The impact of developmet o Local Wildlife Sites cuts across all regios, but for some areas the threat is greater, with almost all the parterships i the North West, East Midlads ad easter parts of the coutry expressig cocer. While it is potetially reassurig to discover that most local authorities appear to have local pla policies i place to protect Local Wildlife Sites, ufortuately, less tha a quarter of parterships reported these protectio policies to be cosistetly ad effectively applied, with a umber of parterships sharig the cocer that pressure to allocate lad for housig ad employmet is placig Local Wildlife Sites uder growig threat. The rapid declie i the umber of professioal ecologists ad access to expertise i local authorities is aother matter for major cocer. It is ot just the weakess or icosistet applicatio of idividual policies ad plaig decisios that cocer local parterships. Other developmet activities ca erode these sites too, icludig activities such as garde expasios ito adjoiig woodlad ad grasslad, chage of use for example to golf course developmets ad permitted developmet for recreatioal activities like paitballig. While these impacts may be small ad gradual o their ow, i combiatio ad over time they result i a sigificat attritio of this vital ature etwork. This is exacerbated by the failure of some plaig authorities to moitor ad eforce plaig coditios iteded to compesate for developmet damage. The Wildlife Trusts work with hudreds of developmets every year to fid positive solutios which itegrate the eeds of people ad developers with the eeds of wildlife. There is a cosiderable body of evidece to show that well desiged developmets are more valuable, more popular ad healthier places to live. Whatever the causes, if this tred of loss ad damage is allowed to cotiue, more of our most valuable ad treasured wildlife ad wild places will be lost forever.

5 08 Secret Spaces :The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 09 What is eeded? What ca you do? 1 Greater recogitio ad protectio for Local Wildlife Sites Local authorities ad developers eed to fully recogise the importace of Local Wildlife Sites i the plaig ad decisio-makig process. Cetral Govermet eeds to provide a rage of icetives to ecourage developers to work with the grai of ature rather tha agaist it. Natural Eglad must stregthe its stadig advice to local authorities o Local Wildlife Sites. Provide targeted fudig Defra, Forestry Commissio, Eviromet Agecy ad Natural Eglad must prioritise fudig ad specialist advice to ladowers ad farmers for the ehacemet ad maagemet of Local Wildlife Sites through Coutryside Stewardship ad other grats schemes A Nature ad Wellbeig Act Local ecological etworks Local plas should be required to create a high quality etwork of more, bigger, better ad joied up wildlife-rich places icludig Local Wildlife Sites. These must be desiged ad plaed from the bottom up ivolvig local people ad close to where they live. Support voluteers, local orgaisatios ad local commuities Local authorities ad Govermet should support voluteerig ad resource Local Wildlife Site parterships as a cost effective way of lookig after may of these special places ad to help local people get ivolved i lookig after them. We urgetly eed ew legislatio for the 21st cetury to uderpi the recovery of ature ad secure improvemets i the health ad wellbeig of local people ad commuities. The Wildlife Trusts ad RSPB have put forward proposals for a Nature ad Wellbeig Act to do just this. Developig a coheret etwork of high quality Local Wildlife Sites ad other atural spaces like parks ad river corridors would be a key part of this Act. Local Wildlife Sites hold much of Eglad s wildlife ad as such they are key to realisig the beefits which ature ca provide for society. Help save our secret spaces Support our campaig for a Nature ad Wellbeig Act ad the creatio of local ecological etworks across the coutry. wildlifetrusts.org/actforature Get ivolved by joiig your local Wildlife Trust or becomig a voluteer to help look after your Local Wildlife Sites. Fid out where there are Local Wildlife Sites ear you, which are ope to the public, ad get to kow ad ejoy them. Ask your local Wildlife Trust. If you ow or maage a piece of lad listed as a Local Wildlife Site or are aware of ay lad that has special wildlife value ad may qualify as a Local Wildlife Site, please cotact your Wildlife Trust. We will be able to offer direct advice or poit you i the right directio for advice o a whole rage of issues icludig maagemet optios, surveys ad developmet plaig.

6 10 Secret Spaces :The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 11 Case Studies Saved from the brik of developmet Aylestoe Meadows is a beautiful Local Wildlife Site ad Local Nature Reserve i the cetre of Leicester. I 2011, this traquil have was threateed by a cotroversial plaig proposal by the coucil to develop floodlit football pitches. 1 2 Hudreds of people ad local orgaisatios objected to the plas ad campaiged agaist the developmet. Fially the coucillors rejected the plas by a slim margi, o the grouds that the pitch did ot justify the damage that would be caused. Later i the year, a survey revealed Aylestoe Meadows to be the best Local Wildlife Site i Leicestershire. Over 600 species were foud, icludig grass sakes, badgers, otters, meadow saxifrage ad commo meadow-rue. The survey also ucovered rare hybrid willows ad the very rare sleder spike rush. Leicestershire ad Rutlad Wildlife Trust is ow workig with Leicester City Coucil ad local people to maage ad ehace the Meadows as part of a fully coected atural ladscape alog the Soar Valley. Fudig as a catalyst for log-term maagemet ad custodiaship The value of data ad farm eviromet grats 3 Cotacts ad baselie data from the Ket Local Wildlife Site etwork have helped to facilitate successful habitat restoratio ad wildlife egagemet projects o the River Ede i south-west Ket. Ket Wildlife Trust s Retur to Ede project ivolved farms ad lad holdigs alog the legth of the River Ede (the river is a Cheshire Wildlife Trust s Gowy Coect project is about restorig ad coectig high-quality habitat alog the River Gowy corridor, allowig wildlife to disperse ad recoloise. As part of a fouryear project fuded by WREN, Cheshire Wildlife Trust has bee workig with owers of Local Wildlife Sites alog the corridor. Oe such locatio is a Local Wildlife Site comprised of semiimproved grasslad, uimproved eutral grasslad, rush pasture ad swamp. A lack of grazig had resulted i severe scrub ecroachmet ad loss of grasslad habitat. I 2011, steps were take to chage this, whe Cheshire Wildlife Trust, workig with the ladower, itroduced a herd of ative loghor cattle. Three years o, the site s coditio has improved with a rage of habitats ad species preset icludig the beautiful commo spotted orchid. This place has served as a amazig catalyst for eighbourig ladowers who have sice bee ispired to work with Cheshire Wildlife Trust to improve their ow Local Wildlife Sites, with fatastic results for local wildlife. Local Wildlife Site), ragig from back gardes to largescale arable farms ad golf courses. It provided habitat maagemet advice ad helped implemet practical coservatio projects. Overall, 290 hectares of farmlad was helped ito 10-year agri-eviromet schemes, ad over two kilometres of river bak was protected from damage ad erosio by livestock. Hay meadows ad wetlad habitat were also created or restored, ad baselie data collected for may species. Restoratio of semiimproved grasslad has cotiued ad Ket Wildlife Trust has worked with ladowers to itroduce maagemet regimes ad plas for each site. Ladowers, voluteers ad the local commuity have bee traied i species recordig ad meadow restoratio to secure logterm beefits. Commuity effort creates a valued local asset 4 Butterflies o the Brik Project Hard work at Bell Mere Pool Local Wildlife Site i Licolshire demostrates how these sites have the potetial to beefit ot oly local wildlife, but also the local commuity. Five years after its selectio, Bell Mere Pool, owed by The Sutterto Parochial Charity Trust, was still foud to be i great coditio ad uder positive coservatio maagemet. The credit The Wildlife Trust 5 for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire ad Northamptoshire s Butterflies o the Brik project focuses o restorig high-quality grasslads ad coectig them to provide dispersal liks for local wildlife. It forms part of a two-ad-a-half year project fuded by Biffa Award ad ivolved the Trust workig with owers of Local Wildlife Sites i the North Chilter Chalk Livig Ladscape. Hudall Field, is a privately owed Local Wildlife Site i South Bedfordshire. It comprises atioally rare Lowlad Calcareous Grasslad which was i a impoverished state due to the cessatio of grazig. The site s fecig was i disrepair ad scrub ecroachmet was leadig to the loss of rare grasslad habitat. The Trust carried out scrub clearace, opeig up parts of the grasslad ad eablig importat plat species to thrive. Fuds were also successfully secured o behalf of the farmer from Chilter Coservatio Board for the erectio of ew livestock fecig. The ew fecig was completed i 2013 ad the site has sice bee grazed by sheep. goes to the voluteer group, established by log-stadig teat Terry Despicht. Motivated by atioal species declie ad the loss of importat habitats, the group has created a diverse wildlife have with pods ad tree, scrub ad wildflower areas. Wheelchair ad pushchair access was made possible i 2012 whe the group istalled a path. Motivatig actio with advice ad support The group has received several grats ad much guidace from various sources, icludig Rural Actio ad the Farmig ad Wildlife Advisory Group. I additio, Bosto Borough Coucil has commissioed a coservatio maagemet pla to help iform the group about the site s future care ad maagemet. After surveyig Local 6 Wildlife Sites, Shropshire Wildlife Trust will ofte produce a simple maagemet pla to serve as a guide for the ladower. Packed with drawigs ad photographs, the colourful pla icludes a descriptio of the site ad its value, maagemet recommedatios with a timelie of objectives, ad key species to look out for. I additio, the Trust will sometimes udertake ad pay for practical help to get the ladower started with the maagemet regime. For example, the ower of Steetley Fields Local Wildlife Site, Mr Cheetham, gave permissio for his site to be surveyed at a Local Wildlife Site owers evet. Fudig from WREN for Shropshire Wildlife Trust s Oswestry Hills Butterflies ad Grasslads Project eabled it to udertake scrub clearace to improve the habitat. Motivated by the offer of help, Mr Cheetham did some advace scrub clearace himself ad is ow usig the maagemet pla to maitai the habitat.

7 12 Secret Spaces :The Wildlife Trusts The Wildlife Trusts: Secret Spaces 13 Persoal reflectios My iterest i ecology was sparked by Hawth Woods, a Local Wildlife Site i West Sussex. Walkig paths flaked by bluebells, ridig bicycles through the dips ad hollows left by iro ore mies we childre avigated by the Kig ad Quee Oak. As a teeager I retured to fid that they were beech trees oe falle, the space filled with light, a score of sapligs racig for the sky. Later I studied the wood - uravellig its history ad ecology from maps ad plats. I ve visited hudreds of woodlads sice ad may have bee far richer, but oe were i the right place at the right time. Coservig the wild places o our doorstep has remaied oe of my primary motivatios ad is essetial if future geeratios are to be ispired about ature. Kiero Husto, Seior Local Wildlife Sites Officer, Derbyshire: This beautiful south-facig site is part of Essex s fiest complex of old meadows. Rare bumble-bees ad other ivertebrates, scarce butterflies ad wild orchids, reptiles ad badgers, bats ad sogbirds share these horse-grazed pastures, located beside oe of Essex Wildlife Trust s fiest ature reserves. Yet, despite fierce oppositio, plas for the buildig of 725 homes o much of the site have bee approved, with off-site mitigatio proposed for a isolated arable locatio twelve kilometres away. This was despite Basildo New Tow s plaers havig located a purpose-built equestria cetre adjacet to, ad complemetary with, the pastures i questio. The loss will be felt by may. Joh More, o Dry Street Pastures, Essex Whe Sulby Gardes was recogised as a Local Wildlife Site by the Wildlife Trust, it demostrated sigificat support for the habitat creatio ad improvemet schemes beig carried out here, ad I feel very proud that these twelve acres are cosidered to be makig a valid cotributio towards the extesive coservatio work beig carried out by the Trust couty-wide. Aliso Lowe, ower of Sulby Gardes Local Wildlife Site i Northamptoshire It s a delight to fid such a rich wildlife area without veturig ito the wider coutryside. Expases of bluebells i the woods, ad clouds of butterflies i the meadows are just two of the highlights -ad there s always somethig differet from week to week. Before we tured it ito a ature reserve, few local people kew that it was there for them to ejoy. Now it s differet, but eve with wellused paths ad the earby housig estate, truk road ad airport, it s still a place where you feel you ca lose yourself. The eed for work has t lesseed though keepig those bluebells ad butterflies happy is t always easy but it s great to kow we were able to take Gutteridge Woods o ad protect it. Roger Taylor, o Gutteridge Wood, Hilligdo, Lodo I am delighted to be associated with the Cheshire Wildlife Trust i developig ad improvig the lad I ow at Huxley so it remais a place of special iterest for wildlife ad cotiues to be oe of the best examples of species-rich lowlad meadow i Cheshire. Ladower, Local Wildlife Site, Cheshire As soo as the Local Wildlife Site citatio arrived, it triggered a ew focus by cotaiig iformatio relatig to wildlife iterest well beyod our ow limited kowledge. Thaks to our icreased awareess, a whole ew sese of proprietorship has emerged. Our observatios have icreased ad attitudes to lad maagemet chaged. Little successes will follow as a result of doig somethig beeficial somewhere. Almost overight we have moved from passive to active coservatioists! Mike Bax, Local Wildlife Site ower, Ket Whe I thik about Local Wildlife Sites i Worcestershire, I thik about lowlad meadows. Some of the best ad most cotiuous examples, ca be foud i east Worcestershire o the heavy Liassic Clays. Here there are some superb ridge-furrow meadows some o a prehistoric earthworks scale, where you could lose a cow i the furrows! This area evokes some of my best - ad worst - experieces. The Trust has worked hard over the years to joi up steppig-stoes, ad egage with ladowers, so that we ow ow two Local Wildlife Site meadows i the corridor ad two SSSIs, ad we have oe Local Wildlife Site siged up to our Restorig Worcestershire s Grasslads project ad three more i Evirometal Stewardship schemes ad yet others still suffer damage either by fertilizer applicatios or by ploughig. This is proof that the Local Wildlife Sites system ad the Evirometal Impact Assessmet Regulatios are still ot rigorous eough to prevet loss! Michael Liley, Coservatio Officer, Worcestershire Wildlife Trust St Mary s churchyard i Coddeham is a beautiful example of uimproved eutral grasslad, a Lowlad meadow habitat, boastig characteristic herbs such as lady s bedstraw, commo kapweed, ox-eye daisy, meadow buttercup ad cowslip ad icludes plats idicative of its uderlyig chalk geology; pyramidal orchid, small scabious, hoary platai, buret saxifrage ad quakig grass. Maaged sesitively as a coservatio area by the Churchyard Maagemet Group, the site remais a importat refuge for wildlife whilst still beig valued as a much eeded spiritual ad cotemplative eviromet by the local commuity ad visitors alike. The site ad surroudig ladscape of roadside ature reserves, aciet woodlad, hedgerow ad lowlad meadows offer umerous opportuities for adults ad childre to observe atioally rare ivertebrates, scarce plat commuities plus birds ad aimals such as bar owls, cuckoo, sky lark, brow hare, hedgehog, ad bats i their atural eviromet, ad visitors are frequetly delighted by the summer gatherigs of swifts, swoopig ad soarig above the church. Leoie Washigto, Local Wildlife Site Adviser, Suffolk Wildlife Trust Establishmet of Bell Mere Pool as a recogised [Local] Wildlife Site was a great boost to our ethusiasm The support ad iformatio offered is so importat. To date the rewards have bee a growig umber of appreciative visitors to the area throughout the year, especially as may are yougsters brought i by adults who recogise what such a area has to offer. Bell Mere Pool is ow aually visited by a umber of greylag geese ad it is also apparet that there is more evidece of other wildlife takig up residece. Terry Despicht, commuity residet ad teat of Bell Mere Pool Local Wildlife Site

8 #SecretSpaces wildlifetrusts.org/secretspaces With more tha 800,000 members, The Wildlife Trusts are the biggest grassroots orgaisatio i the UK dedicated to the protectio ad restoratio of all wildlife o lad ad sea. wildlifetrusts.org equiries@wildlifetrusts.org Tel facebook.com/wildlifetrusts Refereces 1. Commuities ad Local Govermet (2012) Natioal Plaig Policy Framework 2. NHS Choices: glad-are-alarmig-readig.aspx 3. Office for Natioal Statistics (2009) Social Treds 40, chapter 2: Households ad Families 4. Wells NM, Ashdow S, Davies EHS, Cowett FD ad Yag Y (2007). Eviromet, desig ad obesity. 5. Bowler DE, Buyug-Ali LM, Kight TM ad Pulli AS (2010). A systematic review of the evidece for the added beefits to health of exposure to atural eviromets. BMC Public Health, 10: Fracis J, Wood LJ, Kuima M ad Giles-Corti B (2012) Quality or quatity? Explorig the relatioship betwee Public Ope Space attributes ad metal health i Perth, Wester Australia. Social Sciece ad Medicie 74: Kapla R (1992). The psychological beefits of earby ature. Role of Horticulture i Huma Well-beig ad Social Developmet: A Natioal Symposium, Maller C, Towsed M, Pryor A, Brow P ad St Leger L (2006). Healthy ature healthy people: Cotact with ature as a upstream health promotio itervetio for populatios. Health Promotio Itervetios, 21: Diette GB, Lechtzi N, Hapoik E, Devrotes A ad Rubi HR (2003). Distractio therapy with sights ad souds reduced pai durig flexible brochoscopy. A complimetary approach to routie aalgesia. Chest Joural, 123: Maller C, Towsed M, Brow P ad St Leger L (2002). Healthy parks healthy people: The health beefits of cotact with ature i a park cotext. Melboure: Deaki Uiversity ad Parks Victoria. 11. Wells NM (2000). At home with ature: Effects of greeess o childre s cogitive fuctioig. Eviromet ad Behaviour, 32: Wells NM ad Evas GW (2003). Nearby Nature: A buffer of life stress amog rural childre. Eviromet ad Behaviour, 35: Ward Thompso C (2002). Urba ope space i the 21st Cetury. Ladscape ad Urba Plaig, 60: Coley RL, Kuo FE ad Sullva WC (1997). Where does commuity grow? The social cotext created by ature i urba public housig. Eviromet ad Behaviour, 29: Kuo FE ad Sulliva WC (2001a). Eviromet ad crime i the ier city: Does vegetatio reduce crime? Joural of Eviromet ad Behaviour, 33: ad Kuo FE ad Sulliva WC (2001b). Aggressio ad violece i the ier city: Effects of eviromet via metal fatigue. Eviromet ad Behaviour, 33: Brisma A (2007). Toward a more elaborate typology of evirometal values: Liberalizig crimial disefrachisemet laws ad policies. New Eglad Joural o Crimial ad Civil Cofiemet, 33: Billitteri TJ (2008). Reducig your carbo footprit: Ca idividual actios reduce global warmig? CQ Researcher, 18: Pretty J, Wood C, Hie R ad Barto J (2013). Nature for rehabilitatig offeders ad facilitatig therapeutic outcomes for youth at risk. I: (South N ad Brisma A) Iteratioal Hadbook of Gree Crimiology. 19. All Party Commissio o Physical Activity (2014). Tacklig physical iactivity - A coordiated approach. Lodo: All party commissio o physical iactivity. 20. NHS Choices (2013). Natioal Service frameworks ad strategies website: Lawto, J (2010). Makig Space for Nature: A Review of Eglad s Wildlife Sites ad Ecological Network. Submitted to Secretary of State (Defra). 22. Burs F, Eato MA, Gregory RD et al (2013) State of Nature Report. The State of Nature Partership Lawto, J (2010). Makig Space for Nature: A Review of Eglad s Wildlife Sites ad Ecological Network. Submitted to Secretary of State (Defra). 25 Kiero Husto, Seior Local Wildlife Sites Officer, Derbyshire Wildlife Trust (2014). 26 The Wildlife Trusts (2014) Status of Local Wildlife Site systems The Wildlife Trusts (2014) Picture Credits Cover buttercups at Crich Chase Meadow, Derbyshire Kiero Husto. P2 Carr Wood, Derbyshire Rob Oakley, Dry Street Pastures, Essex Dr Rod Cole, Wilderess Islad, Lodo Mathew Frith, small pearl bordered fritillary Tom Marshall, Pymore Reedbed, Dorset Richard Gilligham, Stoke Newigto, East Reservoir - Berkeley Homes, Embleto Local Wildlife Site ad golf course, Northumberlad Naomi Waite, St Aes-o-Sea Fylde -The Wildlife Trust for Lacashire, Machester ad North Merseyside, Drayto Drewray, Norfolk J Allaway, Copper Hill Local Wildlife Site, Licolshire Rob Oakley, Burgess Park, Southwark, Lodo Mathew Frith, Breach Hill Commo, Avo Avo Wildlife Trust, bombus lucorum male, Foxholes Heath, Derbyshire Kiero Husto. P3 cowslips at Crich Chase Meadow, Derbyshire. P4 Site ower with adviser Norfolk Wildlife Trust, Moss Farm, Staffordshire Staffordshire Wildlife Trust, Frieds of Carr Wood hay-makig, Derbyshire Kiero Husto, Hickiwood Pod, Derbyshire Kiero Husto, White admiral - Gutteridge Wood, Lodo - Val Borrell, Upper Beahall Meadows, Worcestershire - Steve Bloomfield, Worcestershire Wildlife Trust. P6/7 Damage to Local Wildlife Site, Dale Road, Derbyshire Kiero Husto, Frog orchid, Lots Lae Pasture, Derbyshire Kiero Husto. P8/9 Cowslip at Crich Chase Meadow, Derbyshire Kiero Husto, Hickiwood pod, Derbyshire Kiero Husto, Upper Beahall Meadows, Worcestershire - Steve Bloomfield, Worcestershire Wildlife Trust, Brockley Cemetery, Lodo Mathew Frith, Coles Hill Quarry, Derbyshire Kiero Husto. P10 Aylestoe Meadows, Leicestershire - Uta Hamzaoui, Loghor Tom Marshall, Hever Meadow River, Ket Aa David, Ket Wildlife Trust. P11 Bell Mere Pool Richard Croft, Local Wildlife Site, South Bedfordshire Laura Dowto, Shropshire Local Wildlife Site ower Fioa Gomersall December The Wildife Trusts Reg. Charity No

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