** Some things have been changed on the Smart Board lesson for formatting reasons. Inuit

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1 ** Some things have been changed on the Smart Board lesson for formatting reasons. Inuit Video - So what did we learn from this video? Homes: Iglu means any kind of home Igloo: Building materials were scarce during the winter months so they used snow to make their homes Summer homes: homes were made out of holes dug into hills. They added wood frames and a sod roof. Sometimes they used whale bones as frames. Food : Whales: They got oil in their lamps from whales. They used the bones in women s clothing and other materials too. Fish, seals, walrus, bear, fox, rabbit, ducks, caribou, musk ox, and other animals They used harpoons to hunt. Travel: On land, they used sleds made of driftwood pulled by dogs On the sea, they used large boats made from wood Clothing: Since it is so cold, they tend to dress in furs of animals that they hunted. The Inuit women turned animal skins into shirts, pants, shoes, and boots. Everything had to be perfect, one flaw could lead to frostbite which could lead to death when out hunting. Caribou made the best clothing. Parka- these were coats made from caribou or seal skins. They were the most important piece of clothing. Sometimes temperatures were -100 degrees so they used these to keep them warm. Goggles- They made goggles from horns or antlers so that they could see when the sunlight was bouncing off of the snow. ** From head to toe, they depended on animals to supply what they needed for survival. Page, 23,26-29

2 Sitting Bull Tatanka-Iyotanka Hunkpapa Lakota tribe Original name was Slow - Why do you think that? -Lets watch a video on him and summarize what we learned Tell your side partner one thing you have a question about. - Tell your corner partner one thing that you learned from this video. - Soldiers tried to make the Native Americans leave their homes and move to reservations - Many tribes didn t want to go so they combined and decided to fight as one, the elected Sitting Bull as their leader - General George Custer decided to fight the Native American group at a place class Little Bighorn. It was known as Custer s last stand.

3 Sioux Video : There are three divisions of the Sioux: Dakota, Nakota, and the Lakota Homelands were in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, they moved more towards some of Montana and the Dakotas after many years of fighting with the Ojibwa (the Great Plains) Can you explain to me what the Great Plains are? -large prairies in the western U.S Home- tepees because they were nomadic - What do you think nomadic means? Food- they planted corn, squash, beans, Gathered wild rice and other plants Hunted buffalo, fish, bear, deer, moose, rabbits and wild turkeys - They used the bison for everything. They dried its meat so it would last for a long time. They used its skin for the tepee or clothing. They used its horns as tools or knifes. Horse- There weren t horses in the Americas until Christopher Columbus came. The Native Americans traded for horses with the Spanish. Horses made it easier for the Sioux to follow bison herds. Sun Dance- each summer they honored the spirit animals with a ceremony call the Sun Dance. Crazy Horse- fought alongside Sitting Bull at Little Big horn

4 Sacagawea Shoshone & Hidasta Tribe Who was Sacagawea? What do you know about her? - She helped Lewis and Clark find the Pacific ocean She was originally a part of the Shoshone tribe. She was captured by the Hidasta tribe at the age of ten. She married a French trapper named Charbonneau. Lewis and Clark were traveling North America to make maps, establish friendly relations with Native Americans, collect specimens of new plants and animals, and record their observations. - They got into an altercation with a group of Titon Sioux and decided they needed an interpreter. - Charbonneau volunteered himself but Lewis and Clark made him bring Sacagawea along because she was a Native American and having a female in the group made them look friendlier. She brought along her infant son too. - She didn t guide the group west, like most people think, she took over once she got back to her home land. She was able to find her old tribe and convince them to trade for horses. She found out that the Chief was actually her brother. Read Sacajawea Mag- Give each table one page to read and recap for the class - What else did you learn about Sacagawea?

5 Comanche Location of homeland: they live on the southern plains. This stretched from Wyoming all the way to Texas. Other states included are: Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. Homes: Tepees. They were also nomadic. Clothing: Outfits made out of deerskins, they painted on the designs. Foods: deer, bison, black bear, pronghorn, acorns, roots, pecans, potatoes, and berries Used to hunt: The most important tool was the bow and arrow. They also used the bison to make tools. They used them for whips, flyswatters, sewing needles and knives. Travel: On horseback, they used poles from their tepees to build travois. This was a sled used to carry their belongings. It was pulled by the dog before the Comanche had horses. The Comanche were known for raiding. What is raiding? They took pride in their horses and traded them for any things. They would take horses from settlers or other tribes. They also took food, guns, and cattle. All this raiding led to many wars involving the Comanche. The Comanche are known as the greatest horse traders traders in the history of America. The Comanche were hunters and warriors. In a young boy s life they learned how to figh, hunt, and ride horses by the time they were five or six. The women cooked, skinned animals, raised the children, and set up camps. Powwows- Today, Comanche s still have Powwows to remember their culture.

6 Navajo Code talkers They made a secret code to talk with the U.S Army during World War I and II. They used this code to keep the enemies from knowing what their plans were. With their help, the United States was able to win both wars.

7 Seminole Home land: Alabama, Georgia, and was forced to move to Florida after many wars with the U.S government. They started out as cattle ranchers and farmers but the land in Florida was swampy (the everglades). Trail of Tears: must like the Long Walk, the trail of Tears made Seminoles, Choctaws, Muscogees, and Cherokees leave their homelands. Food: They learned how to harvest edible swamp plants. They had gardens filled with corn, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, sugarcane, and beans. They hunted for turkeys, ducks, rabbits,squirrels, alligators, otters, and birds. They depended more on fishing then other tribes. Living in swamps, it made it hard for the U.S army to find them. Homes: the Chickee was built on a platform a few feet above the ground to protect it against flooding. It was open with no walls to allow cool air to blow through. The roof was made of leaves from the trees close by. Travel: they used canoes to get around. Other Information: they played a game called stickball which was adopted and its name was change to Lacrosse by the settlers. Women: woven baskets and made clothing, they also made colorful dolls and pottery. Men: carved wood into tools, weapons, and pipes. They hunted for food. They all made beautiful jewelry. Clothing: their traditional buckskin clothing was too hot for Florida weather so they traded for cloth with the Spanish. Their clothing was some of the most unique clothing of all the Native Americans. They used patches of cloth strips sewn together in alternating patterns. They also wore beads; sometimes women wore as many as 12 pounds of beads on their dresses. Ceremonies: The Green Corn Dance was for young boys, a manhood ceremony.

8 Iroquois Video: There were five tribes that made up the Iroquois, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk. They all spoke a different dialect of the Iroquois language. -what is dialect? Different forms of a single language. Other Information: Had rules for working together because there was fighting between tribes. They created a constitution out of beads. The beads were made into symbols and shapes that stood for different things. They had a council, a group of people who made decisions, of about 50 chiefs. Home land: New York and North Carolina Homes: They lived in what is called a Long house. It could hold all of the family members. Sometimes 15 to 20 families could live in one longhouse. They could come in many sizes; they had a fire place to keep the families warm and a hole in the roof for the smoke to escape. A longhouse was made from wood poles and tree bark. Tribe leaders: Men and Women shared powers. Clan chiefs were men, clan mothers picked the clan chiefs, they could also make them leave if they wanted to. Clothing: They used wampum, white and purple seashells, strung them together and attached them to deer hide to make a fancy belt. The chiefs used them for ceremonies. They used the bead symbols to record different things that happened in their history. Games: Baggataway was turned into lacrosse. Women: they had a lot of power in the Iroquois society. They became clan mothers. They did all of the field work, planting corn, beans, and squash. They gathered berries, buts, and herbs for medicine. Men: hunted and traded and fought. They hunted for deer, turkeys, and fished for salmon, bass, and trout. Everybody in the tribe shared their food from a hunt and shared the field work. Nobody was left hungry.

9 Pueblo There are many different Pueblos and each has its own name, including the Acoma, Cochiti, Isleta, Jemez, Laguna, Nambe, Picuris, Pojoaque, Sandia, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Santo Domingo, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa Clara, Taos, Tesuque, Ysleta del Sur, Zia, and Zuni. The Hopi are also Pueblo people, but they are culturally more distinct from the others, have a separate government, and are usually considered as a different tribe. Video: Houses: adobe made from clay, straw, sand, and water. They lived in permanent villages Food: They were known as farmers who planted corn, beans, squash, sunflower seeds, and cotton. They traded for turkeys with people from Mexico. They got meat by trading, like the buffalo that came from the Comanche. Other: They created an irrigation system for their crops. What is irrigation? - They made dams to trap the water that came from the mountains and made lakes. Men s roles: were in charge of politics, agriculture, and war. Women s roles: Were the home and family. Clothing: Chongo hair style. Wore a lot of silver and turquoise, also wore mantas for dresses.

10 Cheyenne Homeland: Migrated to Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado, and Kansas Homes: Wigwams before they moved to the plains, then they used tepees Horses: Like most plains tribes, the horse changed their way of life. They could hunt and travel faster now. Clothing: Buffalo hides made robes to keep members warm during cold months. They made tepee covers, blankets, tools, ropes, and many more items from the buffalo. They used beads and porcupine quills to decorate things. - Men wore headdresses with tall feathers for war bonnets. Women wore dresses made from deer hides decorated with porcupine quills and beads. Other: they also had a tribal government who settled disputes. - They had a military society, some men joined like a modern day army. They protected their tribe. - Women could join the quiller s society, if asked. They made the fanciest clothing. It was a real honor. - Hair styles: They also used travois to move from place to place. Food: they ate buffalo, deer, fish, fruits, and berries. They traded other tribes for corn.

11 Native Americans - We are going to spend the next few weeks learning about Native American, we are going to fill out a KWL chart right now and we can update it along the way. Take a few minutes to think of a few ideas for each column. We will discuss it when you are done. o What did you come up with? - As you can see this KWL chart is attached to a few more papers. These are to help you take a few notes for each Tribe we will learn about. - Native Americans were the first people to live in North and South America. They were broken into tribes. These were groups or nations that were based on the area that they lived in. They had separate religions, customs, languages, and beliefs. Sometimes there were many small tribes that belonged to a bigger tribe. There were as many as 100 tribes in the past.

12 Native Americans Tribe: _ Where did they live? Which states? What were their homes like? What did they eat? What was their clothing like? Jobs? Anything else?

13 Navajo They called themselves the Dine and their land the Dinetah. -The Navajo is the largest native tribe in the United States. Homeland: Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. They were travelers to find food. They learned from the Pueblos how to weave baskets or blankets and grow crops. The word Navajo means farmers of big fields in the Pueblo language. Houses: The Navajo built permanent homes out of logs and covered them with mud. They were called Hogans. They often had two hogans, one for the cold winter months and one for the warmer months. Men s jobs: Hunt Women: prepared the skins and made things from them, cooked, wove baskets, rugs, and blankets. They watched the sheep and planted and harvested crops. Food: They learned to raise sheep and goats for meat and wool from the Spanish settler. They wove wool into blankets, belts, and rugs. They moved the sheep back and forth to get food and water. -The Spanish also brought horses with them. The Navajo learned to ride them too. Other information: There was no leader of the Navajos, they followed rules that were set by customs and beliefs.

14 Haida (high-dah) Home land: Pacific Northwest Coast, they lived off of the islands near southern Alaska. Houses: cedar-plank houses with bark roof. They were really long and could hold up to 50 people. Clothing: They wore long cloaks, long shirts/ dresses, and poncho like capes. Their clothing was woven out of cedar bark, sometimes deerskin and otter skin was used too. They used caribou to made heavy robes for the cold winter months. They wore moccasins but would rather be barefoot. They wore fancy outfits for special occasions like Chilkat blankets, which is made from cedar bark and mountain goat hair. They sometimes wore basket hats. They painted their faces for special occasions too. Women wore their hair long and loose while men wore it in a topknot. Transportation: They were famous for their canoes made out of cedar logs. They could be up to 60 feet long! They used the canoes for hunting, fishing, war, and trading. Food: deer, birds, shellfish, seaweed, berries, and roots. Hunting tools: Harpoons, bone fishhooks, and wooden fish traps. They used bows and arrows too. Crafts: Totem Poles-