Unit #1: Art of the Paleolithic

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Lesley Robertson
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1 Announcements: Unit #1: Art of the Paleolithic assignment folders handed out Turn in initial assessment Buy your art materials for next Weds. Unit 1 activities and Terms are posted Hunter/Gatherer lecture Ice Age Bay Area video write up Paleolithic Cave Art of Europe Sign up for prehistoric animal groups power points

2 ES 3 Unit 1 Activities Life ways concept map - Hunter/Gatherers Connections concept map Prehistoric era Video write up Ice Age Bay Area Video write up Lascaux Cave Virtual tour Prehistoric Animal Group work- art session #1 research notes and cave painting panel Group board work notes Lecture notes- Cave notes Animal rarities Cave crisis Earth Map update

3 Unit #1 : Art of the Paleolithic Paleolithic Cro-Magnon man totemism shamanism anthropomorphic Przewalski horse

4 Imagery of the Environment Changes in how we meet our relationship with nature H/G, agriculture basic needs attitudes towards nature ART thru history reverence, superiority Food, shelter technological revolutions level of impact on nature minimal, local or global

5 HUMAN LIFEWAYS How we meet our basic needsfood, shelter and water-has changed drastically over the past 1.8 my. Hunter/gatherers nomadic pastoralists Shifting agriculture settled agriculture industrial

6 Human life ways through time Hunter/ Gatherer Agriculture Industrial 2 mya 1.99 million yrs.(99.5%) 10,

7 This shift from: depending directly on our natural environment Close connection to Nature Least impact on Environment Living within the earth s carrying capacity Part of our ecosystem growing and harvesting our own resources Disconnection from the natural processes Devastating global impacts Living way beyond the earth s carrying capacity Superiority to

8 In the beginning. Primates-Our earliest ancestors arrived as far back as 85 mya scavenger /gatherers until 1.8 mya Prey species without much protection or technology to hunt. Nature was an uncontrollable scary place where survival was difficult. No means of protection Solitary and arboreal

9 HUNTING & GATHERING Homo erectus 1.8 mya--first true Hunter/gatherer group, 1 st to make tools use of fire- warmth, protection, social interaction, light and cooking 1 st to migrate out of Africa Homo sapiens-- 200,000 years ago the arrival of H. sapiens marked the success of our species. Advanced society- innovation of tools and weapons, social groups. Expansion throughout the world Very adaptable increase in brain size gave us the advantage--- increase need for protein 99.5% of our existence on earth has been as hunter/gatherers

10 Ice Age Environmental Conditions Ice Age ~1.8 mya - ~10,000 ya World s water locked into giant glaciers---bringing drought to Africa and most parts of world sea levels dropped 400 feet exposing continental shelves Change in vegetation: Decrease in rainfall caused grasslands and dry forests to develop in corridors between ice fields. mega-fauna migrations and expansion

11 Life Ways Concept Map----LWCM Human Lifeways Concept Map Life way Characteristics impacts 1. Hunter/ Gatherer a. b. 2. Nomadic Pastoralists a. b. 3. Shifting Agriculture a. b. 4. Early Settled Agriculture- 10, years ago a. b.

12 LWCM 1a. HUNTING & GATHERING Typical of most h/g cultures: - nomadic - limited population size - egalitarian society - earth wisdom - few possessions - subsistence lifestyle - marginal land (today) Photo: Last of the Ona, Tierra del Fuego

13 LWCM1b. HUNTING & GATHERING Limited impact: Most h/g cultures did not have much of an impact on their natural environment But there were exceptions

LWCM 1b. Environmental Impact Burning grasslands: the sixth use of fire Altering plant communities opening up forests encouraging grasslands therefore large herbivores.

14 LWCM 1b. Environmental Impact Burning grasslands: the sixth use of fire Altering plant communities opening up forests encouraging grasslands therefore large herbivores. Halting succession and creating edges. Disperse prey collect insect and small mammal species as they fled the fire. increase grass species for food and quality basketry material Over hunting resulting extinctions of mega fauna:

15 HUNTING & GATHERING The Pleistocene (1.8 m to 10 kya ) New World mega fauna represents one of the greatest assemblages of animals in Earth s history.

16 North American Extinctions 15,000 to 10,000 ya -- 85% of large mammals went extinct in North America- coincided with H. sapiens's arrival The Americas were the last continent to be populated by humans. many went extinct over a period of 400 years. N. Amer. Mega species: Giant sloth Saber-toothed Tiger Columbian Mammoth Camelops

Paleolithic California 12,000 ya clovis points in North America 11,500 4,500 ya milling stone cultures- 13 types of seed 11,000 ya major extinctions of fauna

17 Paleolithic California 12,000 ya clovis points in North America 11,500 4,500 ya milling stone cultures- 13 types of seed 11,000 ya major extinctions of fauna 10,000 ya end of the ice age 7,000 ya wide spread but sparse hunter/gatherer groups throughout California 3,000 ya gradual growth of California tribe s trading system

18 HUNTING & GATHERING Bison latifrons, thrived in North America for approximately 200,000 years, but became extinct some 15,000-20,000 years ago. Same genus as our present day bison Bison bison 8 feet high at the shoulder and 4,400 lb.

19 HUNTING & GATHERING Columbian Mammoth Larger than the wooly mammoth ft. high(9-11ft), 7-9 tons (6 tons) their tusks were also ft. long (5-6 ft long). Last mega fauna to go extinct about 12,500 ya

20 HUNTING & GATHERING Partial skeleton of Columbian mammoth found on Guadalupe R., downtown San Jose, July 2005! skeletons found in Castroville. CA

21 Survivors of the Paleolithic Extinction California Condor California Grizzly Bear Jaguar Pronghorn Antelope Tule Elk

22 HUNTING & GATHERING In Australia, over 60 species of large marsupials vanished with the arrival of aboriginal peoples (40-60 kya on).

23 Hunting and Gathering Theories of Mass extinction of mega fauna in N. America and Australia: Over hunting by humans Climate change Loss of habitat Disease Combination of all

HUNTING & GATHERING - For 99% of our hominid

follow this lifestyle marginal lands - Today the

24 HUNTING & GATHERING - For 99% of our hominid history, we collected the resources we needed directly from the natural environment. - Today, fewer than 1/10 of 1% of us still follow this lifestyle marginal lands - Today the remaining H/G cultures are on the frontlines of environmental action.

video write up: After viewing this video write 200 words or half a page giving a description of what it must have been like living in California 20,000 years ago. What was the SF bay like back then?

25 video write up: After viewing this video write 200 words or half a page giving a description of what it must have been like living in California 20,000 years ago. What was the SF bay like back then? What habitat would you call it? What animals did humans hunt? What predators did humans have to deal with? What evidence do we have? deo/ice-age-bay-area/ Ice Age Bay Area

26 ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC

27 ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC In some cases dating back over 32,000 years, these images are among the most beautiful ever made. (Yellow horse & cows, Lascaux)

28 Dating the cave paintings Extinction of subject matter Layering of art work by proximity to settlements and fossil evidence radio carbon dating Uranium-thorium technique El Castillo, Spain

29 S. Africa 8,000 ya S. America, 10,000 ya Australia, 40,000 ya? Indonesia 10,000 ya India, 30,000 ya N. American, 1,000 ya

30 ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC

31 Connections Concept Map -- CCM Time period Primary Lifeway description of art work and examples attitude toward nature 1. Prehistoric era : 2 million - 10,000 years ago Lascaux, Altamira and Chauvet cave art A. B. C. 2.Neolithic age-10,000 years ago A. B. C. 3.Classic Period-5000 years ago= rise of Egyptian, Greek, Persian civilizations A. B. C.

32 CCM 1a. Early Homo sapiens: Cro Magnon humans 40,000 ya entered Europe social hunter/gatherer society Huts made from rocks, clay, bones, branches and hides Hunted larger prey in groups. Intentional burials---spirituality and sense of community and cooperation complex language Technological innovation

33 ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC

34 CCM 1b. ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC Cave paintings: scratching, pecking or abrading OR painted with a substance mixed before hand and then applied. stencil technique Effigies: carved out of bone, stone or antler. Adornments: clothing jewelry implements- tools and weapons

35 CCM 1b. ART of the EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC Almost exclusively, the art of the Paleolithic depicts large mammals such as horses, deer, and wild cattle. Humans were rarely depicted but when they were, they exhibited spiritual significance - anthropomorphic Chauvet Cave, France

36 CCM 1c. Attitude towards Nature Nature was respected and revered Complete dependence on the abundance in their local environment. Elements controlled their survival. Nature-based spirituality Earth wisdom- knowledge of natural systems, seasons, processing resources and prey behavior Humans were a part of the ecosystem

37 Prehistoric animal groups- sign up

Unit #1: Art of the Paleolithic

Announcements: Unit #1: Art of the Paleolithic Hand in initial questionnaire assignment folders handed out Buy your art materials for next Thurs. Unit 1 activities and terms are posted Hunter/Gatherer