The great obstacle is simply this: the conviction that we cannot change because we are dependent on what is wrong. But that is the addict s excuse,

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1 HUMAN ECOLOGY

2 The great obstacle is simply this: the conviction that we cannot change because we are dependent on what is wrong. But that is the addict s excuse, and we know that it will not do. Wendell Berry

3 What species? What ecological issues?

4 What species? What ecological issues?

5 What species? What ecological issues?

6 What species? What ecological issues?

7 Endangered vertebrates: What are the IUCN categories? What are the patterns; what are the reasons?

8

9 Maximum sustainable yield concept

10 Yosemite Toad, Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog and Mountain Yellow-Legged Frog to Get Federal Protections Under the Endangered Species Act

11 Threats to species survival: Know threats to individual species.

12 Susceptibility to Extinction Original carrying capacity Size of organism Position in food chain Specialization in food needs Habitat specialization Reproductive habits K-selected species Genetic diversity Relationship to humans

13 Sierra Bighorn Now recognized as a separate subspecies from California ssp. Population decline to 100 individuals in 1990s Decline due to Increase to current 500 individuals Capture & transport; reintroduction to extend range and establish new populations

14 Sierra Bighorn

15 Sierra Bighorn Now recognized as a separate subspecies from California ssp. Population decline to 100 individuals in 1990s Decline due to Increase to current 500 individuals Capture & transport to extend range and establish new populations

16 Sierra Bighorn

17 Sierra Bighorn Now recognized as a separate subspecies from California ssp. Population decline to 100 individuals in 1990s Decline due to Increase to current 500 individuals Capture & transport to extend range and establish new populations

18 Value of Biodiversity Reasons for Concern Ecosystem function Agricultural systems Pharmaceutical resources Ecotourism Intrinsic value Religious values

19 Are humans the only object of God s redemptive plan or is all creation part of the great story? Colossians 1: [Christ] is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy. For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him, and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross.

20 Biblical visions of shalom Isaiah 11: 6-9 The wolf shall lie with the lamb, the leopard with the kid, the calf and the lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them They will not hurt or destroy on all my holy mountain; for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as waters cover the sea.

21 What lessons are found in the Genesis story of Noah and the flood?

22 Sustainability

23 Costa Rican lowland TRF

24 Banana plantation agriculture: example of unsustainable practices

25 Meseta Central: home to expanding population

26 total population 4 million 26% live in area of San José Growth rate %/year

27 Deforestation: a significant challenge

28 Montane cloud forest

29 Biodiversity and threatened species

30 Costa Rican Coffee production: promoting sustainable agriculture

31 Bio-diverse systems; IPM or organic methods of fertility & pest control; sustainable energy inputs & outputs; soil & water conservation; human considerations

32

33

34 Natural areas and benefits

35 Costa Rican ecotourism

36 Costa Rican ecological research

37 Documenting biodiversity & potential benefits

38

39 Costa Rica & Sustainability Universal health care Universal education Abolished the military in favor of a smaller national guard. Established a system of national parks and protected areas comprising over 25% of the Costa Rica. Historically more equitable distribution of land and wealth. Promote sustainable agriculture Hydro-power Promote eco-tourism Seek profits from biodiversity

40 Preserving California Native Plants - California recognized as a unique biologically rich region: CA home to 6000 native spp. (25% of continental US plant spp.) Over 1500 spp. endemic to CA Over 1500 spp. Considered rare, threatened or endangered

41 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus bicolor

42 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus whitneyi

43 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus cardinalis

44 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus primuloides

45 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus floribundus

46 100 spp. worldwide 80 CA taxa 11 rare & endangered 3 endangered in CA only 15 of limited distribution 1 of unknown status 3 presumed extinct Genus Mimulus: Monkeyflowers Mimulus torreyi

47 This curious world we inhabit is more wonderful than convenient; more beautiful than it is useful; it is more to be admired and enjoyed than used. Henry David Thoreau

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