ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES HUNTING. in America AN ECONOMIC ENGINE AND CONSERVATION POWERHOUSE

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1 ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES HUNTING in America AN ECONOMIC ENGINE AND CONSERVATION POWERHOUSE

2 Hunting in America HUNTING IS ONE OF THE GREATEST of America s traditional pastimes with a history that reaches back to the founding of our country and beyond. Every year millions of hunters from all walks of life take to the fields, forests and marshlands not just in pursuit of game, but also to enjoy the entire outdoor experience. But hunting is much more than just a way to connect with the outdoors. Spending a pleasurable day in the field usually involves at least some expense for travel, equipment and supplies. When multiplied by America s 12.5 million hunters, their dollars WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES? The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies the organization that represents all of North America s fish and wildlife agencies promotes sound management and conservation, and speaks with a unified voice on important fish and wildlife issues. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies is the collective voice of North America s fish and wildlife agencies at every level of government. The Association provides its member agencies and their senior staff with coordination services that include migratory birds, fish habitat, invasive species, conservation education, leadership development and international relations. The Association represents its state agency members on Capitol Hill and before the Administration on key conservation and management policies and works to ensure that all fish and wildlife entities work collaboratively on important issues. The Association also provides management and technical assistance to both new and current fish and wildlife leaders. employ millions of people in industries ranging from hunting gear manufacturing to travel and hospitality to retail sales all across the country. Because hunters are found in every state, their dollars have a significant impact on state and local economies as well. While many recognize the recreational and economic benefits of hunting, its significant conservation benefits often go unnoticed. For each hunting gear purchase, a portion of the money is returned to state fish and wildlife agencies for conservation efforts. America s record of restoring many species of fish and wildlife and protecting natural habitat can be largely credited to the billions of dollars generated by sportsmen and women. Hunting and shooting sports companies are proud of their role in advancing a portion of their proceeds to fund one of the world s greatest conservation successes. Through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act, passed in 1937 at the request of the hunting and shooting sports industries, special excise taxes on hunting gear have contributed billions of dollars for wildlife conservation. Added to this each year is nearly a billion more in hunting license sales and hunters private donations to conservation efforts. Hunting, and the shooting sports, is truly an economic engine and conservation powerhouse. 2

3 Benefits of Conservation AMERICA S HUNTERS ARE IN MANY WAYS one of our nation s most powerful conservation forces. Our 12.5 million hunters invest hundreds of millions of dollars every year in wildlife conservation and management, substantially more than any other group. Much of this comes from hunting license sales which totaled approximately $725 million nationwide in 2006, and is a primary funding source for most state fish and wildlife agencies. Special federal excise taxes and import duties on hunting gear taxes that were originally requested by hunters themselves added up to another $280 million in 2007 under the long-running Wildlife Restoration Act. That money is apportioned to the states and is likewise critical in supporting state wildlife programs. Combined with hunters private donations of $300 million annually to conservation efforts, that s nearly $1.3 billion hunters directly invest every year to preserve, protect and enhance not just wildlife but also the healthy environment that makes their sport possible. Across much of the country, hunter dollars are the primary funding source for protecting and improving wildlife habitat, public access and conservation education. Hunting, and the powerful economic effects it creates, would not be possible without wildlife. Those same game animals and birds would not exist without suitable habitat, which makes clean and healthy forests, fields and marshlands essential to the bottom line. There is, to be sure, a moral imperative to fostering conservation stewardship. But thanks to the massive economic activity of America s hunters, there are dollars and cents reasons too: good habitat is good business. QUICK FACTS More than 7 out of 10 Americans approve of recreational hunting according to a 2006 survey. Hunting as a leisure-time activity ranks higher than such popular participant sports as skiing, volleyball or skateboarding according to the National Sporting Goods Association. America s hunters, through special federal excise taxes, provide about $280 million annually to help pay for wildlife conservation. The amount of federal, state and local tax revenues about $9.2 billion generated by hunters in 2006 is equal to nearly 90 percent of the entire budget for the U.S. Department of the Interior ($10.5 billion). 3

4 The Economics of Hunting JACK STANNARD OWNS AND OPERATES a wholesale electric supply company. While his skill is in sales, his passion is hunting. Before heading into the woods for a day of hunting, he stops to buy gas for his truck, pick up sandwiches and soft drinks for his pack and purchase a box of rifle cartridges. Although Jack certainly is not thinking of this, his expenditures are rippling out through the local economy, much like the spreading ripples of a stone tossed in a lake. His day in the woods helps support salaries and wages in his local community. While INSIDE THE NUMBERS If hunting were ranked as a corporation, it would fall in the top 20 percent of the Fortune 500 list of America s largest companies, slightly ahead of such global giants as General Dynamics and Coca-Cola. According to the National Sporting Goods Association, more Americans go hunting than play softball or tennis. The number of U.S. hunters age 16 and over 12.5 million is about three times the total number of people attending baseball games at Yankee Stadium over a full season. individual expenditures may seem insignificant, when multiplied by some 12.5 million hunters nationwide over the course of a year, the economic effect is enormous. If enough money is spent as in the case of hunting businesses benefiting from the rippling cycle will add employees, whose wages and salaries, when spent, will Total U.S. retail spending by hunters: NEARLY $25 BILLION The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reports roughly nine percent of all hunters (more than 1.1 million) are female. 4

5 Top 10 States Ranked by Resident Retail Sales Number of 2006 Retail Sales Hunters Texas $2,334,329,825 1,101,285 Pennsylvania $1,734,082,321 1,044,248 Wisconsin $1,394,050, ,215 Michigan $1,334,000, ,894 Missouri $1,227,087, ,210 California $926,577, ,371 Arkansas $877,430, ,127 Ohio $859,321, ,805 Alabama $846,607, ,860 New York $788,091, ,628 Top 10 States Ranked by Non-Resident Retail Sales Number of 2006 Retail Sales Hunters Colorado $282,274, ,556 Texas $264,669, ,589 Georgia $250,994, ,127 Missouri $250,635,415 68,555 Tennessee $235,940,595 63,503 Pennsylvania $172,009, ,434 Arkansas $165,838,289 52,934 Alabama $161,973,566 81,078 Vermont $138,848,062 17,436 Idaho $128,014,475 65,128 HOW MANY HUNTERS ARE THERE? Hunters range from kids just learning up to seasoned adults. However, the commonly cited figure of 12.5 million hunters only includes people 16 years old and older. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reports 1.8 million youth from 6-15 years old hunted. Therefore, 14.3 million people actually hunted. Plus, several million more hunted in recent years but not in The expenditures from these additional hunters increase the economic impacts reported here. support still more jobs. Taxes will be generated, too. Economic multipliers, while subtle, can be immensely powerful. That s why and how the 2006 spending numbers of America s 12.5 million hunters U.S. HUNTING FACTS 12.5 million hunters $24.7 billion retail sales $66 billion in overall economic output $20.9 billion salaries and wages 593,000 jobs $4.2 billion in state and local taxes $5 billion in federal taxes had an overall $66 billion economic impact supporting almost 600,000 jobs nationwide. These are not just jobs as hunting guides or sporting-goods clerks, but include telephone linemen to truck drivers whose wages are supported in part by the dollars spent on hunting. For greater detail and more hunting economic information, visit The remarkably simple act of Jack s hunting trip truly is an economic driving force in this nation s economy. 5

6 Number of Hunters and Days of Hunting in 2006* Number of Hunters Days of Hunting All Deer Migratory Upland All Deer Migratory Upland Hunting Hunting Bird Hunting Game Bird Hunting Hunting Bird Hunting Game Bird Alabama 390, ,209 73,076 31,238 8,648,623 6,860, , ,861 Alaska 70,929 17,263 10, , ,713 64,012 - Arizona 158,929 75,702 34,830 56,841 1,508, , , ,774 Arkansas 354, , ,280-7,881,892 4,764,532 1,655,602 - California 281, , , ,601 3,375, ,518 1,139,856 1,098,042 Colorado 259,481 65,764 43,654 46,435 2,375, , , ,481 Connecticut 37,712 21,341-13, , , ,222 Delaware 42,360 36,480 12, , , ,405 - Florida 236, ,270 39,262 34,596 3,768,788 2,372, , ,231 Georgia 480, , ,887 77,147 8,227,506 5,699, , ,084 Hawaii 18,432 8, ,385 82, Idaho 187, ,609 41,580 47,279 2,117, , , ,008 Illinois 315, ,852 90, ,636 4,688,271 2,361,648 1,110, ,235 Indiana 272, ,923 29,866 40,274 4,807,955 3,297, , ,387 Iowa 251, ,533 21, ,457 3,849,018 2,070, ,066 1,319,913 Kansas 271, ,326 54, ,073 3,016, , ,172 2,323,039 Kentucky 291, ,422 33,621 28,261 5,428,606 3,286, , ,579 Louisiana 270, , ,271-5,979,060 3,508,446 1,418,508 - Maine 174, ,450 15,818 48,125 2,283,041 1,675, , ,010 Maryland 160, ,983 45,778 16,616 2,261,733 1,682, ,299 86,254 Massachusetts 73,046 57,196 14,160 25,354 1,148, , , ,629 Michigan 752, ,550 59, ,582 11,904,894 9,008, , ,756 Minnesota 535, ,250 55, ,433 6,491,502 3,788, ,591 2,040,196 Mississippi 303, ,727 56,741-6,835,452 5,317, ,149 - Missouri 608, ,152 87,402 71,629 9,714,413 5,758, , ,871 Montana 197, ,570 15,029 40,829 2,141,922 1,433,768 68, ,006 Nebraska 118,256 62,842 43,577 58,734 1,611, , , ,633 Nevada 63,026 25,576-14, , , ,843 New Hampshire 60,519 52,369 9,567 11,693 1,056, , , ,309 New Jersey 88,928 66,996-21,544 1,456,631 1,142, ,648 New Mexico 98,853 30,707 8,496 18, ,226 94,663 48,930 92,362 New York 565, , ,964 10,288,855 6,067,964-1,129,033 North Carolina 304, ,043 37,127 30,605 4,880,386 2,700, , ,229 North Dakota 127,785 74,179 23,246 74,338 1,344, , , ,144 Ohio 499, , ,340 10,632,829 6,290, ,519 Oklahoma 250, ,341 64,951 51,472 5,533,612 2,737, , ,638 Oregon 236, ,870 29,391 40,573 2,728,835 1,518, , ,597 Pennsylvania 1,044, ,969 70, ,936 16,862,872 11,054, ,992 1,818,353 Rhode Island 13,762 11,049-4, ,228 93,382-55,655 South Carolina 208, ,790 42,161-4,317,786 2,332, ,060 - South Dakota 170,787 57,252 28, ,142 1,719, , ,575 1,084,273 Tennessee 328, ,989 77,804 29,458 5,728,997 2,813, , ,186 Texas 1,101, , , ,393 14,049,720 8,218,987 2,461,387 1,252,476 Utah 166, ,384 26,419 39,203 1,714, , , ,541 Vermont 72,963 62,847 9,733 18,677 1,111, ,406 94, ,527 Virginia 413, ,353 64,368 41,664 6,770,605 4,524, , ,300 Washington 182, ,084 20,303 41,393 2,126,130 1,175, , ,811 West Virginia 268, , ,939,499 2,387, Wisconsin 697, ,860 75, ,964 10,058,826 6,682, ,256 2,091,930 Wyoming 102,289 54,511-19, , ,200 73, ,298 United States 12,509,592 10,839,924 2,513,459 2,970, ,925, ,192,027 19,869,718 26,587,818 *Missing values may not mean zero hunters. The sample sizes were too small to accurately estimate the number of hunters. For these states, the sample size for migratory bird hunting and upland hunting is often small (N=10 to 30). Use the results with caution. 6

7 U.S. Hunting-Related Expenditures in 2006* Hunting, Deer Migratory Upland All Types Hunting Bird Hunting Game Hunting Food, drink and refreshments $2,177,229,448 $1,238,688,686 $203,010,979 $279,444,587 Lodging (motels, cabins, lodges, campgrounds, etc.) $614,015,621 $283,343,065 $57,212,786 $110,202,033 Commercial air transportation $159,592,842 $23,740,447 $5,714,626 $23,597,424 Other commercial transportation (bus, taxi, train, etc.) $54,794,000 $16,795,450 $5,906,607 $13,064,542 Transportation by private vehicle (fuel, etc.) $2,482,537,455 $1,301,558,376 $251,100,075 $342,145,255 Boat fuel $56,941,232 $16,626,122 $25,262,445 $73,729,496 Guide fees, pack trip or package fees $416,529,307 $164,312,545 $11,447,968 $6,166,315 Public land use or access fees $47,268,114 $20,724,470 $65,150,704 $30,486,703 Private land use or access fees (except land leasing) $395,696,905 $218,354,347 $12,392,133 $1,157,267 Boat launching fees $7,815,356 $2,909,674 $23,824,260 $3,939,125 Boat mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, etc. $37,497,943 $8,752,102 $3,185,807 $291,467 Equipment rental such as boats, camping equipment, etc. $80,729,349 $27,156,779 $16,710,692 $983,546 Heating and cooking fuel $146,853,019 $96,951,204 $6,727,612 $11,152,430 Rifles $1,119,900,422 $635,915,304 $37,929,905 $45,105,659 Shotguns $764,933,615 $166,428,017 $328,976,363 $135,621,601 Muzzleloaders and other primitive firearms $183,571,628 $148,313,062 $505,371 $1,249,471 Handguns $382,621,361 $105,340,730 $56,624,225 $17,978,099 Bows, arrows and archery equipment $671,176,425 $492,747,648 $8,708,098 $5,658,039 Telescopic sights $402,804,818 $203,755,220 $11,208,418 $7,176,730 Decoys and game calls $178,683,338 $52,261,516 $82,250,106 $5,140,269 Ammunition $693,249,814 $266,678,173 $151,490,175 $73,665,212 Handloading equipment and components $139,291,957 $58,010,943 $9,494,344 $11,384,861 Hunting dogs and associated costs $493,490,673 $57,941,267 $146,633,817 $146,381,071 Other hunting equipment (cases, knives, etc.) $315,224,246 $153,315,561 $38,150,265 $9,927,866 Camping equipment $243,174,136 $76,153,070 $4,043,006 $1,522,283 Binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, etc. $213,555,555 $117,633,531 $14,634,924 $2,615,084 Special hunting clothes: foul weather gear, boots, waders, etc. $516,500,133 $267,955,146 $58,610,340 $19,381,685 Processing and taxidermy costs $486,305,565 $316,498,057 $21,520,751 $14,461,235 Books and magazines devoted to hunting $116,590,912 $41,068,724 $74,497,895 $16,657,414 Dues or contributions $312,583,744 $122,002,018 $2,290 $28,060,974 Other support items (snow equipment, equipment repair, etc.) $62,098,289 $22,180,815 $10,790,677 $2,975,497 Bass boat $7,084,686 - $74,444,922 $19,406,064 Other motor boat $82,834,713 - $3,237,262 $4,529,585 Canoe or other non-motor boat $16,442, Boat motor, trailer, hitch or accessories $30,609,443 $2,322,854 $22,941,806 - Pick-up, camper, van, travel tent trailer and RV $3,670,278,809 $915,186,743 $6,752,124 - Cabin $529,606,148 $413,743,133 $4,373,473 $50,977 Off-road vehicle: motorcycles, ATVs, 4x4 vehicles, snowmobile, etc. $1,731,412,704 $899,031,456 $112,398,667 $94,590,277 Other special equipment (ice chests, airplanes, etc.) $160,022,243 $23,999,477 $24,119,686 $7,377 Licenses, tags, permits and other similar fees $611,485,152 $367,653,199 $54,450,891 $73,324,086 Land owned primarily for hunting, 2006 expenses and payments $3,130,126,270 $2,099,031,895 $462,123,171 $319,174,032 Land leased primarily for hunting, 2006 expenses and payments $749,012,019 $484,265,308 $148,641,629 $27,772,601 TOTAL $24,692,171,564 $11,929,346,131 $2,657,201,294 $1,980,178,239 *The total may not be the same as that reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Some expenditures reported in the 2006 National survey (data source) were attributed by sportsmen to hunting and fishing. Rather than exclude these expenditures, they were pro-rated based on the respondent s days of hunting and fishing. In addition, there are some minor variances based on the treatment of outlier observations. 7

8 Economic Contributions from All Hunting Activities in 2006 Salaries, Wages and Retail Total Business Owner s State and Local Federal Tax Sales Multiplier Effect Income (Eco. Output) Jobs Tax Revenues Revenues Alaska $132,314,335 $188,610,428 $59,643,699 2,020 $13,593,169 $12,635,474 Alabama $846,607,925 $1,388,634,035 $426,934,839 17,487 $82,708,487 $95,576,324 Arkansas $877,430,173 $1,376,253,610 $391,642,245 17,823 $99,246,297 $99,550,595 Arizona $325,858,039 $554,551,807 $173,497,561 4,788 $30,995,547 $37,692,546 California $926,577,638 $1,645,120,235 $533,749,531 13,774 $123,535,170 $124,988,347 Colorado $464,044,078 $817,261,886 $297,081,040 9,258 $51,568,940 $68,404,422 Connecticut $70,104,010 $114,601,486 $39,177,572 1,144 $8,049,224 $10,980,062 Delaware $63,837,799 $87,026,594 $29,855, $5,775,237 $6,556,529 Florida $402,478,561 $702,684,027 $251,851,225 10,313 $43,599,095 $58,193,793 Georgia $679,541,843 $1,128,226,211 $367,110,061 14,714 $82,118,364 $86,762,722 Hawaii $29,533,971 $39,676,045 $13,539, $2,548,882 $2,792,950 Iowa $299,398,609 $469,829,900 $150,787,736 6,231 $32,376,135 $33,847,420 Idaho $284,030,006 $441,053,831 $159,210,324 5,713 $33,442,787 $32,319,322 Illinois $388,881,335 $693,475,942 $236,920,109 8,421 $49,093,240 $57,675,177 Indiana $265,048,066 $436,644,153 $138,573,361 5,132 $30,248,922 $32,601,862 Kansas $270,981,258 $464,436,938 $142,771,519 5,864 $29,695,037 $32,210,464 Kentucky $439,471,631 $694,427,486 $205,826,351 8,400 $52,596,675 $48,438,294 Louisiana $594,435,590 $975,249,784 $306,067,276 13,084 $62,248,488 $62,343,675 Massachusetts $71,125,154 $121,140,373 $45,196,577 1,284 $8,148,282 $11,336,689 Maryland $257,316,836 $424,917,873 $153,019,503 4,450 $32,890,971 $35,324,190 Maine $280,831,620 $367,315,113 $113,845,092 4,509 $30,418,808 $26,408,402 Michigan $1,334,000,075 $2,296,402,842 $690,135,969 19,560 $153,506,053 $161,443,647 Minnesota $637,270,173 $1,099,730,694 $353,609,923 11,911 $75,882,194 $86,158,974 Missouri $1,227,087,240 $2,085,985,187 $628,068,032 24,505 $147,006,353 $149,834,435 Mississippi $562,674,243 $863,586,448 $238,776,899 12,094 $65,771,581 $52,887,207 Montana $405,817,077 $608,276,252 $161,217,991 7,005 $31,547,133 $37,975,030 North Carolina $511,546,347 $856,474,235 $251,130,695 8,851 $48,743,257 $58,037,991 North Dakota $132,694,072 $211,087,266 $61,290,560 2,996 $11,581,923 $13,411,694 Nebraska $259,231,163 $417,304,662 $139,695,653 5,163 $31,515,062 $29,706,444 New Hampshire $82,889,961 $132,378,626 $47,988,010 1,546 $8,600,731 $12,114,358 New Jersey $193,411,974 $325,384,572 $109,864,454 2,746 $19,568,592 $28,099,285 New Mexico $183,607,572 $300,648,082 $97,056,936 3,740 $20,259,416 $19,692,331 Nevada $145,208,313 $223,547,853 $65,886,230 1,854 $11,717,320 $15,183,041 New York $788,091,714 $1,340,205,905 $448,518,078 11,438 $112,542,656 $111,636,896 Ohio $859,321,607 $1,488,555,466 $437,681,782 13,762 $90,731,302 $94,813,442 Oklahoma $492,065,447 $843,349,642 $251,611,907 9,871 $49,499,185 $53,637,675 Oregon $505,874,654 $827,488,316 $259,238,784 8,913 $54,601,132 $61,151,103 Pennsylvania $1,734,082,321 $3,029,151,411 $932,666,740 28,041 $214,118,683 $228,704,030 Rhode Island $10,232,988 $12,765,911 $4,333, $937,197 $1,070,504 South Carolina $288,011,510 $440,130,049 $151,444,817 7,238 $32,239,827 $32,934,599 South Dakota $196,063,154 $303,570,715 $99,907,412 4,514 $19,981,361 $21,773,429 Tennessee $588,423,673 $1,076,653,687 $308,755,396 10,126 $49,034,965 $66,784,875 Texas $2,334,329,825 $4,117,303,334 $1,339,454,869 46,917 $262,226,970 $310,097,641 Utah $293,808,223 $523,147,903 $163,059,713 6,487 $31,107,631 $34,094,522 Virginia $528,578,198 $880,166,592 $287,465,157 9,376 $53,304,750 $67,988,705 Vermont $190,714,942 $269,390,116 $81,347,118 2,414 $14,225,738 $18,111,667 Washington $394,021,171 $628,263,974 $195,712,308 5,595 $35,202,901 $46,410,817 Wisconsin $1,394,050,097 $2,197,983,821 $604,107,185 25,298 $197,141,707 $153,773,668 West Virginia $302,413,973 $453,467,141 $133,145,185 6,337 $29,666,372 $31,616,573 Wyoming $146,801,378 $225,131,920 $77,061,651 3,071 $13,361,942 $17,403,175 United States $24,692,171,564 $66,013,310,496 $20,939,838, ,944 $4,178,957,748 $4,951,442,

9 Economic Contributions from Deer Hunting in 2006 Salaries, Wages and Retail Total Business Owner s State and Local Federal Tax Sales Multiplier Effect Income (Eco. Output) Jobs Tax Revenues Revenues Alabama $520,657,148 $834,569,679 $265,506,309 11,990 $54,676,119 $60,329,777 Alaska $6,819,667 $7,954,426 $2,931, $674,509 $617,683 Arizona $132,730,881 $225,750,617 $72,335,940 2,096 $13,203,196 $15,777,478 Arkansas $370,653,265 $582,358,100 $167,019,298 7,892 $41,591,150 $38,642,302 California $122,602,567 $216,873,079 $76,109,607 2,025 $16,615,534 $17,550,910 Colorado $85,376,041 $151,378,057 $54,493,764 1,690 $9,510,487 $12,631,440 Connecticut $49,911,519 $80,572,685 $26,411, $5,788,503 $7,598,198 Delaware $39,195,492 $54,745,563 $20,033, $3,841,390 $4,383,136 Florida $192,738,084 $338,661,086 $129,400,101 6,107 $21,002,015 $29,362,319 Georgia $394,735,755 $656,875,458 $219,605,971 8,866 $47,861,101 $51,262,821 Hawaii $8,610,431 $10,600,402 $2,656, $773,584 $769,139 Idaho $93,040,096 $147,174,018 $57,729,792 1,987 $11,502,848 $11,445,005 Illinois $187,083,659 $335,896,207 $110,863,215 3,303 $23,461,569 $27,269,201 Indiana $119,380,869 $196,314,905 $63,456,292 2,371 $13,797,714 $14,840,464 Iowa $137,366,321 $214,863,948 $68,500,515 2,911 $15,002,339 $15,531,179 Kansas $72,502,364 $125,117,258 $40,291,533 1,752 $8,260,797 $9,021,648 Kentucky $316,564,430 $493,922,027 $141,069,486 5,865 $38,846,944 $34,236,933 Louisiana $307,088,187 $507,147,853 $163,532,350 7,183 $32,295,112 $33,073,824 Maine $157,309,002 $236,942,765 $73,417,032 2,927 $19,787,154 $17,116,926 Maryland $113,596,834 $190,196,492 $71,283,330 2,272 $15,608,309 $16,503,182 Massachusetts $35,627,057 $60,642,194 $22,733, $4,334,326 $5,750,403 Michigan $713,104,669 $1,161,728,793 $360,018,833 11,770 $94,429,564 $87,590,691 Minnesota $263,437,667 $458,205,345 $151,228,327 5,311 $33,193,565 $37,051,571 Mississippi $397,770,611 $600,344,416 $165,573,191 8,666 $49,161,129 $37,556,577 Missouri $690,138,253 $1,162,703,420 $333,689,060 11,824 $83,848,973 $81,765,663 Montana $169,843,434 $261,810,416 $75,343,839 3,285 $14,527,805 $17,750,535 Nebraska $33,516,813 $53,943,729 $17,857, $4,102,702 $3,799,892 Nevada $68,803,617 $106,307,408 $29,157, $4,801,286 $6,633,420 New Hampshire $36,649,152 $57,981,264 $21,204, $3,913,794 $5,408,614 New Jersey $69,303,280 $119,981,973 $44,533,973 1,142 $8,057,019 $11,366,944 New Mexico $16,453,266 $27,673,422 $9,124, $1,759,208 $1,817,402 New York $410,906,279 $687,251,565 $221,405,112 5,578 $61,335,729 $56,676,517 North Carolina $193,291,446 $322,280,795 $102,230,174 3,408 $20,010,125 $23,594,218 North Dakota $49,704,305 $78,640,418 $21,053, $3,956,087 $4,570,336 Ohio $697,033,539 $1,216,999,982 $349,204,535 10,682 $70,986,776 $75,470,741 Oklahoma $291,773,660 $499,510,336 $148,353,928 5,663 $28,323,367 $31,418,236 Oregon $143,452,344 $238,920,576 $81,774,974 2,790 $17,265,490 $19,165,459 Pennsylvania $981,105,398 $1,713,184,185 $521,617,294 15,274 $122,305,369 $129,294,486 Rhode Island $5,038,523 $5,752,700 $2,205, $162,705 $541,529 South Carolina $131,524,963 $199,600,156 $70,578,172 3,165 $15,643,862 $15,488,676 South Dakota $37,275,569 $56,275,800 $16,306, $4,414,944 $3,836,641 Tennessee $136,341,271 $236,887,247 $81,750,510 2,896 $13,506,649 $17,674,965 Texas $1,234,046,845 $2,165,266,799 $701,288,939 25,416 $143,939,914 $164,721,570 Utah $110,901,719 $196,343,261 $61,996,389 2,265 $11,495,848 $12,967,826 Vermont $34,197,412 $44,115,123 $15,065, $3,646,409 $3,634,228 Virginia $300,579,100 $497,079,042 $166,448,758 5,568 $30,664,036 $39,354,802 Washington $169,659,164 $273,270,946 $87,867,058 2,607 $15,787,047 $20,768,096 West Virginia $133,770,897 $200,402,435 $58,399,497 2,733 $13,093,733 $13,950,698 Wisconsin $898,569,209 $1,392,493,953 $372,141,128 15,699 $133,003,603 $97,851,679 Wyoming $47,564,061 $74,174,207 $25,740,922 1,057 $4,473,882 $5,831,172 United States $11,929,346,132 $31,082,224,586 $9,896,023, ,279 $2,059,305,438 $2,363,578,645 Small sample size (N = 10 to 30). Use results with caution. 9

10 Economic Contributions from Migratory Bird Hunting in 2006* Salaries, Wages and Retail Total Business Owner s State and Local Federal Tax Sales Multiplier Effect Income (Eco. Output) Jobs Tax Revenues Revenues Alabama $26,864,958 $43,413,714 $14,868, $2,893,543 $3,299,096 Alaska $7,765,746 $10,860,231 $3,431, $825,418 $737,330 Arizona $38,620,654 $65,903,061 $19,795, $3,413,248 $4,285,994 Arkansas $236,769,465 $361,618,837 $97,452,385 4,706 $29,181,725 $23,933,852 California $250,383,127 $421,167,930 $129,863,089 3,916 $39,413,280 $32,959,959 Colorado $39,109,032 $69,038,581 $23,619, $4,317,351 $5,416,660 Delaware $6,105,468 $7,783,511 $2,878, $640,284 $645,116 Florida $36,532,974 $63,660,356 $23,308, $4,257,236 $5,445,847 Georgia $156,454,855 $253,305,891 $71,655,936 2,688 $19,613,342 $18,445,726 Idaho $12,829,031 $20,548,496 $7,471, $1,507,235 $1,518,300 Illinois $121,699,965 $210,825,491 $76,547,761 3,570 $16,151,458 $18,596,982 Indiana $31,575,006 $52,574,797 $18,111, $3,732,976 $4,091,143 Iowa $31,174,299 $48,810,844 $16,745, $3,583,859 $3,736,684 Kansas $33,556,829 $57,498,550 $17,075, $3,599,105 $3,874,600 Kentucky $26,794,622 $43,275,675 $14,829, $3,312,048 $3,283,245 Louisiana $93,081,184 $153,569,060 $45,848,618 2,043 $10,609,434 $9,628,537 Maine $19,677,882 $21,935,685 $6,326, $1,978,480 $1,550,202 Maryland $71,887,342 $117,902,156 $43,914,653 1,239 $9,439,178 $10,121,498 Massachusetts $5,276,644 $8,946,237 $3,266, $591,282 $820,090 Michigan $25,510,597 $41,849,361 $14,340, $3,013,247 $3,282,311 Minnesota $53,133,965 $92,538,059 $29,330,025 1,142 $6,351,164 $7,156,874 Mississippi $39,878,663 $61,802,863 $19,067, $4,631,235 $4,041,120 Missouri $171,816,376 $289,468,082 $100,811,959 5,539 $22,434,036 $23,469,736 Montana $25,024,693 $37,544,584 $11,881, $2,249,309 $2,803,998 Nebraska $51,375,722 $80,310,758 $24,427,390 1,018 $6,580,948 $5,560,966 New Hampshire $13,296,514 $21,158,667 $7,752, $1,486,963 $1,975,869 New Mexico $5,361,476 $5,969,511 $2,887, $602,721 $579,564 North Carolina $24,577,114 $39,759,035 $13,844, $2,936,956 $3,240,820 North Dakota $13,761,219 $22,251,587 $6,866, $1,249,190 $1,478,559 Oklahoma $34,389,493 $59,440,231 $19,771, $4,147,116 $4,245,670 Oregon $57,235,177 $95,493,824 $29,908,197 1,474 $6,373,750 $7,020,195 Pennsylvania $82,032,890 $125,056,275 $38,241,531 1,210 $10,024,563 $9,622,533 South Carolina $43,010,885 $65,339,797 $22,457,401 1,041 $5,166,792 $4,956,283 South Dakota $13,813,855 $21,704,869 $7,718, $1,434,091 $1,664,703 Tennessee $41,427,335 $71,076,065 $25,080, $4,272,573 $5,471,893 Texas $351,209,673 $622,171,144 $204,086,839 6,546 $41,349,714 $47,318,230 Utah $46,084,400 $82,851,451 $24,330,867 1,044 $4,827,618 $5,107,101 Vermont $3,678,685 $4,796,383 $1,898, $404,733 $444,427 Virginia $28,561,749 $47,866,903 $17,011, $3,002,581 $3,964,925 Washington $25,449,231 $40,876,613 $14,238, $2,870,742 $3,413,694 Wisconsin $131,731,053 $215,664,469 $58,275,883 2,096 $17,246,705 $14,374,934 United States $2,657,201,294 $6,906,633,586 $2,217,101,401 68,365 $468,614,403 $530,314,019 *States not included had a sample size too small to report (N <10). Small sample size (N = 10 to 30). Use results with caution. 10

11 Economic Contributions from Upland Game Hunting in 2006* (quail, grouse & pheasant) Salaries, Wages and Retail Total Business Owner s State and Local Federal Tax Sales Multiplier Effect Income (Eco. Output) Jobs Tax Revenues Revenues Alabama $20,778,235 $34,007,647 $11,517, $2,169,184 $2,525,985 Arizona $19,982,880 $33,065,960 $11,530, $2,216,942 $2,506,284 California $94,353,741 $170,384,086 $63,001,245 1,902 $13,548,260 $14,276,148 Colorado $32,134,831 $56,147,635 $19,573, $3,828,950 $4,567,742 Connecticut $3,757,731 $6,182,204 $2,518, $450,045 $667,318 Florida $20,730,604 $36,118,957 $11,350, $2,366,840 $2,730,387 Georgia $37,483,337 $64,296,605 $22,231, $4,311,161 $5,028,116 Idaho $57,629,134 $87,621,431 $29,720,628 1,182 $7,464,190 $6,496,238 Illinois $37,799,926 $67,616,323 $22,605, $4,621,314 $5,497,454 Indiana $56,265,858 $84,065,345 $19,678, $8,123,380 $5,905,667 Iowa $85,879,189 $134,975,478 $44,125,159 1,808 $9,329,853 $9,838,782 Kansas $110,540,078 $192,800,271 $57,581,315 2,416 $12,262,982 $13,009,071 Kentucky $9,733,065 $14,808,809 $3,689, $1,274,765 $985,812 Maine $26,413,104 $32,392,519 $9,530, $2,785,883 $2,277,011 Maryland $3,688,556 $6,137,079 $2,459, $511,952 $568,395 Massachusetts $17,991,736 $30,784,564 $11,642, $1,872,229 $2,878,087 Michigan $46,876,690 $77,667,654 $25,089, $5,990,489 $5,873,380 Minnesota $121,037,923 $210,086,665 $66,845,642 2,380 $14,964,913 $16,385,277 Missouri $77,383,354 $131,364,102 $39,288,229 1,706 $9,364,484 $9,424,073 Montana $26,275,242 $40,438,464 $12,282, $2,751,176 $3,028,051 Nebraska $108,254,584 $169,586,906 $52,329,974 1,930 $14,583,487 $11,851,070 Nevada $12,254,389 $18,948,704 $6,343, $1,193,880 $1,439,240 New Hampshire $8,888,544 $14,184,481 $5,120, $995,164 $1,304,776 New Jersey $13,313,361 $22,797,440 $8,434, $1,466,782 $2,103,817 New Mexico $5,198,850 $8,989,174 $2,796, $603,820 $564,308 New York $42,498,689 $73,205,188 $26,287, $5,923,831 $6,363,879 North Carolina $77,803,122 $135,432,435 $34,847, $6,159,099 $7,896,752 North Dakota $43,790,551 $70,721,042 $22,052,542 1,077 $3,991,588 $4,796,900 Ohio $23,116,618 $38,834,575 $13,314, $2,602,562 $2,829,166 Oklahoma $24,979,556 $42,126,841 $12,986, $3,058,885 $2,975,586 Oregon $45,328,093 $73,155,926 $20,773, $4,846,105 $5,009,337 Pennsylvania $143,377,938 $246,760,366 $74,681,829 3,377 $18,437,337 $18,491,040 Rhode Island $1,783,527 $2,593,770 $760, $167,580 $186,962 South Dakota $153,775,627 $143,717,307 $82,560,409 3,900 $15,879,639 $17,905,713 Tennessee $18,380,670 $31,283,639 $9,866, $1,796,061 $2,185,885 Texas $80,699,062 $145,219,123 $44,683,325 1,351 $9,470,824 $10,561,797 Utah $10,407,825 $18,341,160 $5,896, $1,145,679 $1,237,530 Vermont $7,360,562 $8,713,621 $3,104, $657,758 $726,779 Virginia $15,164,785 $25,451,645 $9,300, $1,760,308 $2,191,271 Washington $19,989,408 $32,906,827 $11,287, $1,958,968 $2,628,484 Wisconsin $157,725,993 $247,032,620 $71,195,536 3,549 $21,337,730 $17,426,928 Wyoming $6,709,418 $10,920,765 $3,595, $584,015 $800,151 United States $1,980,178,239 $5,262,284,312 $1,662,579,663 50,721 $345,116,827 $395,584,517 *States not included had a sample size too small to report (N <10). Small sample size (N = 10 to 30). Use results with caution. 11

12 This report was funded by the Multistate Conservation Grant Program (Grant DC M-55-R), a program supported with funds from the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration programs and jointly managed by the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 725 Washington, DC QUESTIONS AND INQUIRIES Rob Southwick, rob@southwickassociates.com RESEARCH AND AUTHORSHIP Tom Allen and Rob Southwick. Edited by Mary Jane Williamson. PHOTOS Al Braunworth; Arizona Game and Fish Department (cover); Bass Pro Shops; Calman Lugo; Illinois Department of Natural Resources; Lawrence Sawyer; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; Paul Tessier; and Robert Gubbins. LAYOUT AND DESIGN Sweetpea Media, Inc. REPORT CITATION Southwick Associates. Hunting in America: An Economic Engine and Conservation Powerhouse. Produced for the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies with funding from Multistate Conservation Grant Program, Data sources for Quick Facts, U.S. Hunting Facts and Hunters by the Numbers: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fortune Magazine, National Sporting Goods Association, U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Responsive Management and Southwick Associates. Methodology: Expenditure and participation data obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service s 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife- Associated Recreation. Impacts developed using the IMPLAN model from MIG, Inc. of Stillwater, Minnesota. Please note: The figures in this report can be added to the sportfishing economic estimates in the companion sportfishing publication Sportfishing in America: An Economic Engine and Conservation Powerhouse. (American Sportfishing Association, Alexandria, VA, 2007). However, do not add the number of hunters to the number of anglers in the companion report to arrive at total sportsmen and women because many individuals engage in both sports. For greater detail and more hunting economic information, visit