Conservation and the Use of Wildlife Resources

Transcription

1 Conservation and the Use of Wildlife Resources Edited by M. Bolton CHAPMAN & HALL London Weinheim New York Tokyo Melbourne Madras

2 Contents List of contributors Preface Acknowledgements xiii xi xvii Part One: Perspectives and General Issues 1 1 Subsistence use of wildlife Hunting and gathering: the original lifestyle Recent and existing hunter-gatherers Subsistence use and human carrying capacity Effects of hunting technology Impact of agriculture Technology, urbanization and cultural change 13 2 Conservation and use of wildlife in the modern world The impact of human numbers Threats and responses Conservation through utilization Harvesting muttonbirds 29 3 Sustainability Growth of populations Harvesting strategies Relationships between species The problems of multispecies management The sustainability triangle Sustainable development 51 4 Conservation, controversies and concerns Field sports Wildlife use and protected areas Animal rights and animal welfare 67 Part Two: Case Studies and Categories, A Selection 75 5 Giant clams: mariculture for sustainable exploitation 77 John S. Lucas

3 viii Contents 5.1 Introduction Utilization of giant clams Conservation of giant clams Mariculture for conservation Sustainable exploitation Conclusion Exploitation and conservation of butterflies in the Indo-Australian region 97 Tim R. New 6.1 Introduction Exploitation and conservation Butterflies and markets International trade issues Butterfly ranching Queen Alexandra's birdwing: a flagship species for conservation The livestock market and conservation Other efforts to promote butterfly trade Discussion Managing the Crocodilia: an integrated approach Introduction i Crocodilian biology Captive rearing Management programmes Trends and uncertainties Conclusion Gamebirds: management of the grey partridge in Britain 131 Nicholas J. Aebischer 8.1 Introduction and historical overview Life cycle and ecology Causes of the decline Habitat management Predation management The partridge estate: an integrated package Other benefits of partridge management Prognosis and conclusion Birds of prey and modern falconry Introduction The basics of falconry The first half of the twentieth century 155

4 Contents ix 9.4 The pesticide crisis Responses and recoveries The present situation Conservation considerations Conclusion Deer management in Scotland 171 Pete Reynolds and Brian Staines 10.1 Introduction Historical perspective Contemporary perspective Towards integrated resource management Conclusions Supplying primates for research 191 Mary-Ann Stanley and Owen Lee Griffiths 11.1 Introduction Origin of Mauritian monkeys Monkeys as pests Monkeys and biomedical research Trapping monkeys Breeding of monkeys Monkeys and conservation Problems and prospects Some veterinary risks and public health issues in wildlife utilization 199 Michael H. Woodford 12.1 Introduction Non-food-borne risks Food-borne risks Preservation of wildlife meat Safe disposal of condemned meat and offal Trophy hunting, subsistence hunting and bush meat International regulations Conclusions Conservation and captivity Introduction The conservation breeding specialist group Zoos and their role Wild and captive Private collections 221

5 x Contents 14 Loving them and leaving them: wildlife and ecotourism Introduction Trends and phases The forces of ecotourism Compromise and conservation Impact reduction strategies Ecotourism in Antarctica Local people and ecotourism Tourists and the wildlife response Culture Conclusions 247 Part Three A Synthesis Synthesis and conclusions Conservation benefit Status of target species: pests or resources? Sustainability Interventions and manipulations Monitoring Finally 266 Index 270