Ergonomic Assessments of the Melni Splice Connector and the Traditional Cable Splice Method

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1 Ergonomic Assessments of the Melni Splice Connector and the Traditional Cable Splice Method April 3, 2015 Prepared for: Melni, LLC 265 Ash St. N. Twin Falls, ID Prepared by: Lee T. Ostrom, Ph.D., CSP, CPE 2811 Disney Dr Idaho Falls, ID 834/04

2 Abstract In June of 2014 an ergonomic assessment of the Melni Splice Connector was conducted in a laboratory setting. This assessment found that inserting the wire into the Melni device was the most stressful aspect of the task. The connector was modified to allow easy insertion of the wire into the Melni connector. The original ergonomic assessment is contained in A of this report. This report documents the ergonomic assessments performed on the traditional method of performing a splice on 4/0 electrical cable and the modified Melni Splice Connector to perform a splice. A master electrician performed two (2) splices using each methodology. The tasks were performed in a three-foot deep ditch to represent a realistic setting for splicing the cables. The tasks were recorded using digital video and still photography. The data were analyzed using two methods: 1. Observational and video analysis was used to detail the steps in the procedure and to identify the ergonomic risk factors associated with each of the two (2) sets of tasks. 2. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was also used to perform a postural analysis of the two (2) sets of tasks (Ref 2). The ergonomic risk factors associated with the traditional splice method were: Kneeling posture in the ditch Very awkward back postures because of performing the splices in a ditch and the nature of the splicing task Twisted back postures for several aspects of the task Repetition associated with crimping the splice High forces and duration when crimping the splice Compression of the thigh, shoulders, and hands when crimping the splice The ergonomic risk factors associated with the Melni connector splice method were: Awkward back postures due to performing the spices in a ditch Kneeling posture in the ditch The RULA score for the traditional splice method was seven (7+) indicating a person is working in the worst posture with an immediate risk of injury from their work posture and changes should obscure immediately to prevent injury,. The RULA scores for the most stressful aspects of the Melni connector splice method was three (3) or less, indicating a ii

3 much less stressful task. According to the RULA methodology this task would be considered safe from an ergonomic perspective. The traditional splicing method took approximately seven minutes and 42 seconds to perform, while the Melni connector method took 42 seconds to perform. Also, the Melni connector method used fewer tools and had seven (7) fewer basic steps. The overall conclusion is that the Melni connector splice method has significant ergonomic benefit over the traditional method of performing splices on 4/0 electrical cable. The Melni method should replace the traditional method whenever feasible. iii

4 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Background Analysis of the Traditional Splicing Task Analysis of Using the Melni Connector to Perform a Splice Conclusions References Appendix A: Original Ergonomic Assessment of the Melni Connector Table of Figures Figure 1: Melni Connector... 1 Figure 2: Start of Crimping Step... 4 Figure 3: Midpoint Crimping Step... 5 Figure 4: End Point of Crimping Step... 6 Figure 5: RULA Analysis for Start of Crimping Task... 7 Figure 6: RULA Analysis for Midpoint of Crimping Task... 8 Figure 7: RULA Analysis for End of Crimping Task... 9 Figure 8: Inserting Wire into Melni Connector Figure 9: RULA Analysis of Melni Connector iv

5 1. Introduction and Background I was requested to perform an ergonomic assessment comparison of the traditional method of performing a splice connection on 4/0 gauge aluminum cable, with using the Melni connector to perform the same sort of splice. The data collection phase of this assessment occurred on March 5, The data collection consisted of a master electrician performing two (2) cable splices using the traditional splice method and two (2) splices using the Melni Connector. The Melni connector is shown in Figure 1. I observed the two tasks and recorded video of the along with still photographs. These tasks were performed in a field setting. The field setting was a 2-foot wide, by 3-foot deep trench. Figure 1: Melni Connector I analyzed the data during the week of March 30, 2015 using two (2) methodologies. These were: 1. Using the observations, pictures and videos of the task to identify the steps in the procedure and to identify the ergonomic risk factors associated with each of the two (2) sets of tasks. The traditional ergonomic risk factors are (Ref 1): a. Force b. Posture 1

6 c. Repetition d. Duration e. Vibration f. Compression 2. Using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) evaluation tool to perform a postural analysis of the two (2) sets of tasks (Ref 2). This report discusses the results of the assessments. Section 2.0 discusses the analysis of the traditional splicing task and Section 3.0 discusses the analysis of using the Melni connector to perform the splicing task. 2. Analysis of the Traditional Splicing Task The equipment used for the traditional splicing task is: Wire Butt splice connectors Crimping tool Utility knife or utility knife and wire stripper Heat shrink wrap Heat source (propane torch or heat gun) Wire cutter The basic steps for performing the traditional splice of 4/0 gauge wire are: 1. Retrieve tools 2. Provide access to the wire that requires splicing 3. Adjusting the crimping tool to the correct splice 4. Cutting the wire 5. Stripping the insulation back approximately 2 inches 6. Ensuring wire is clean of dirt or other contaminants 7. Sliding a shrink wrap sleeve on the wire 8. Inserting an end of the wire into the end of the butt splice connector 9. Ensuring the crimping tool is adjusted correctly for the butt splice connector 10. Crimp the butt splice connector using the crimping tool 11. Rotating the wire 90 degrees 12. Crimp the butt splice connector 13. Inserting the other end of the wire into the end of the butt splice connector 14. Crimp the butt splice connector using the crimping tool 2

7 15. Rotating the wire 90 degrees 16. Crimp the butt splice connector 17. Slide the shrink wrap sleeve over the splice 18. Use the heat source to shrink the sleeve Steps 8 through 18 are repeated for the second wire 19. Store tools The total operation of these steps took approximately seven minutes and 42 seconds to perform. The ergonomic risk factors identified in this procedure were: Leaning forward back postures in excess of 20 degrees for several aspects of the task Twisted back postures for several aspects of the task Repetition associated with crimping the splice High forces and duration of high forces when crimping the splice. The force required to begin the crimp using the tool was 84 pounds. Compression of the shoulder, thigh and hands when crimping the splice The confining space of the ditch impinged on the electrician s ability to use the crimping tool effectively and made the splice task even more difficult. The steps of the process with ergonomic risk factors were 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 16. The crimping steps (10, 12, 14, and 16) appeared to be the most stressful and are discussed below. Figure 2 shows a photo at the start of the crimping step. The master electrician is in an awkward posture. His torso is leaning forward, his right shoulder is abducted, and his neck is twisted. He must attain this posture four (4) times each time he splices one (1) 4/0 cable. So, it is performed eight (8) times in the seven minute and 42 second sequence of steps. At the midpoint of the crimping step, as shown in Figure 3, the master electrician is in a very awkward posture. His back is bent forward and twisted, his neck is twisted, and he is continuing to apply a great amount of force using his body weight and his hands. His left upper arm is abducted (away from the body) and the handle of the tool is compressing his right shoulder. Figure 4 shows the end point of the crimping step. As the figure shows the Master Electrician is in a very awkward posture with his neck and right wrist in deviated postures. 3

8 Figure 2: Start of Crimping Step 4

9 Figure 3: Midpoint Crimping Step 5

10 Figure 4: End Point of Crimping Step I performed RULA analysis on three of the most stressful postures associated with this task. Figure 2 shows the start of the crimping task. A RULA analysis was performed on this posture. The completed RULA form is shown in Figure 5. The RULA score developed from this analysis was seven (7+). A seven (7+) represents the worst postural score under the RULA methodology, indicating a change needs to be made to the task. This step is performed four (4) times for each splice. Figure 3 shows the midpoint in the crimping task. The completed RULA form is shown in Figure 6. The RULA score developed from this analysis was seven (7+). A seven (7+) again represents the worst postural score under the RULA technique, indicating a change needs to be made to the task. This step is also performed four (4) times for each splice. 6

11 Figure 4 shows the final phase of the crimping step and Figure 7 shows the RULA analysis. This part of the crimping task also scored a RULA score of seven (7+). Figure 5: RULA Analysis for Start of Crimping Task 7

12 Figure 6: RULA Analysis for Midpoint of Crimping Task 8

13 Figure 7: RULA Analysis for End of Crimping Task 9

14 As stated above, a RULA score of seven (+7) is the worst postural score possible using this methodology. This score indicates that the task should be modified immediately to avoid injury. 3. Analysis of Using the Melni Connector to Perform a Splice The equipment used for the Melni connector splicing task is: The wire The Melni Connector One (1) pair of channel lock pliers The basic steps for performing the splicing task with the Melni connector for 4/0 wire is: 1. Retrieve tools 2. Provide access to the wire that requires splicing 3. Cutting the wire 4. Stripping the insulation back approximately 2 inches 5. Ensuring wire is clean of dirt or other contaminants 6. Inserting an end of the wire into the end of the Melni connector 7. Hand tightening the gripper/ seal ring on the Melni connector 8. Inserting the other end of the wire into the end of the Melni connector 9. Hand tightening the gripper/ seal ring on the Melni connector 10. Twisting the couplers on one end of the Melni connectors with the channel lock pliers 11. Ensuring the coupler on the other side of the connector is tight 12. Store tools The procedure for using the Melni connector has seven (7) fewer basic steps and the steps have many fewer ergonomic risk factors. This process took approximately 42 seconds to perform meaning duration is not a factor as it is with the traditional method. From observing the task and analyzing the videos the steps with ergonomic risk factors were step 10 is the only step with ergonomic risk factors, aside from the posture required by performing the task in a ditch. The ergonomic risk factor for the step was: Hand forces when using the channel lock pliers As with the traditional method, the postural issues will also depend on the environment where the splice is being performed. The ditch where the task was performed mimicked an actual setting where the task could be performed. There would be essentially no 10

15 ergonomic stressors If the task were performed using the modified Melni Splice connector with the wire at approximately elbow height. Figure 8 shows the most stressful step using the Melni connector. This figure shows that the master electrician in a bent forward posture as inserts the wire into the Melni connector. The current Melni connector requires minimal force to insert the wire. Figure 8: Inserting Wire into Melni Connector 11

16 Figure 9 shows the completed RULA form for the wire insertion step. However, the posture for this task was necessitated by the fact it was performed in a ditch. The resulting RULA score for this step was 3, indicating the task can be changed as needed, but this score is the result of the environment it is performed in and not the result of the Melni Splice Connector. 4. Conclusions The results from the analysis showed that: There were seven (7) fewer steps associated with the Melni connector for performing a splice of 4/0 cable. The time to perform the splicing task was approximately seven (7) minutes less for the Melni connector as compared with the traditional splicing method. The ergonomic hazards associated with using the Melni connector were fewer in number and, according to the RULA analyses, less stressful. The RULA scores for the three (3) parts of the crimping steps for the traditional splicing method all were seven (7+), whereas the highest RULA score for any of the steps associated with the Melni connector was three (3). The score of three (3) was due to having the task performed in a ditch. There would be essentially no ergonomic stressors If the task were performed using the modified Melni Splice connector with the wire at approximately elbow height. The risk of the crimping tool slipping while performing the crimping steps for a traditional splice appears to be great and could lead to an acute injury. Also, the Master Electrician reported that he suffers from bruises many times after doing a traditional splice. The only tool required to perform the Melni connector splice was the channel lock pliers. The current Melni connector requires minimal force to insert the wire. The overall conclusion is that the use of the Melni connector provides great ergonomic benefit over the traditional method of splicing 4/0 cable and takes considerably less time to perform. It is recommended that this method be used whenever possible and the electricians should be trained on the ergonomic risk factors associated with this tasks as well as stretching techniques to reduce fatigue. 12

17 5. References 1. Ergoweb, 2. McAtamney, L. and Corlett, E.N. (1993) RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 24 (2),

18 Figure 9: RULA Analysis of Melni Connector 14

19 6. Appendix A: Original Ergonomic Assessment 15

20 Ergonomic Assessments of the Melni Connector and the Traditional Cable Splice Method June 12, 2014 Prepared for: Melni, LLC 265 Ash St. N. Twin Falls, ID Prepared by: Lee T. Ostrom, Ph.D., CSP, CPE 2811 Disney Dr Idaho Falls, ID 834/04

21 Abstract This report documents the ergonomic assessments performed on the traditional method of performing a splice on 4/0 electrical cable and the Melni connector to perform a splice. A master electrician performed three (3) splices using each methodology. The tasks were recorded using digital video and still photography. The data were analyzed using two methods: 1. Observational and video anyalsis was used to detail the steps in the procedure and to identify the ergonomic risk factors associated with each of the two (2) sets of tasks. 2. TheRapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was also used to perform a postural analysis of the two (2) sets of tasks (Ref 2). The ergonomic risk factors associated with the traditional splice method were: Leaning forward back postures in excess of 20 degrees for several aspects of the task Twisted back postures for several aspects of the task Repetition associated with crimping the splice High forces and duration when crimping the splice Compression of the thigh and hands when crimping the splice The ergonomic risk factors associated with the Melni connector splice method were: High hand forces and twisted wrist when inserting the wire into the Melni connector to ensure it is seated Awkward neck posture when inserting the wire into the Melni connector Awkward back posture when using the channel locks to tighten the couplers Awkward wrist postures when tightening the gripper/seal ring on the Melni connector The RULA score for the traditional splice method was aseven (7) indicating a that the person is working in the worst posture with an immediate risk of injury from their work posture and changes should osscure immediately to prevent injury,. The RULA scores for the most stressful aspects of the Melni connector splice method was five (5) or less, indicating a less stressful task. The traditional splicing method took approximately nine (9) minutes to perform, while the Melni connector method took approximately 50 seconds to perform. Also, the Melni connector method used fewer tools and had seven (7) fewer basic steps. ii

22 The overall conclusion is that the Melni connector splice method has significant ergonomic benefit over the traditional method of performing splices on 4/0 electrical cable. The Melni method should replace the traditional method whenever feasible. iii

23 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Background Analysis of the Traditional Splicing Task Analysis of Using the Melni Connector to Perform a Splice Conclusions References Table of Figures Figure 1: Melni Connector... 1 Figure 2: Start of Crimping Step... 4 Figure 3: Midpoint Crimping Step... 4 Figure 4: End Point of Crimping Step... 5 Figure 5: RULA Analysis for Start of Crimping Task... 6 Figure 6: RULA Analysis for Midpoint of Crimping Task... 7 Figure 7: RULA Analysis for End of Crimping Task... 8 Figure 8: Inserting Wire into Melni Connector Figure 9: Tightening Coupler Step for Melni Connector Figure 10: Tightening Gripper/Seal Ring Step for Melni Connector Figure 11: RULA Analysis for Wire Insertion Step for Melni Connector Figure 12: RULA Analysis for Coupler Tightening Step for Melni Connector Figure 13: RULA Analysis for Gripper/Seal Ring Tightening Step for Melni Connector iv

24 1. Introduction and Background I was requested to perform an ergonomic assessment comparison of the traditional method of performing a splice connection on 4/0 gauge aluminum cable, with using the Melni connector to perform the same sort of splice. The data collection phase of this assessment occurred on June 3, The data collection consisted of a master electrician performing three (3) cable splices using the traditional splice method and three (3) splices using the Melni Connector. The Melni connector is shown in Figure 1. I observed the two tasks and recorded video of the along with still photographs. These tasks were performed in a laboratory setting. Figure 1: Melni Connector I analyzed the data during the week of June 9, 2014 using two (2) methodologies. These were: 3. Using the observations, pictures and videos of the task to identify the steps in the procedure and to identify the ergonomic risk factors associated with each of the two (2) sets of tasks. The traditional ergonomic risk factors are (Ref 1): a. Force b. Posture c. Repetition 1

25 d. Duration e. Vibration f. Compression 4. Using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) evaluation tool to perform a postural analysis of the two (2) sets of tasks (Ref 2). This report discusses the results of the assessments. Section 2.0 discusses the analysis of the traditional splicing task and Section 3.0 discusses the analysis of using the Melni connector to perform the splicing task. Theresa Stack, MS, CPE, CSP, also performed a quality review of this report. 2. Analysis of the Traditional Splicing Task The equipment used for the traditional splicing task are: Wire Butt splice connectors Crimping tool Utility knife or utility knife and wire stripper Heat shrink wrap Heat source (propane torch or heat gun) Wire cutter The basic steps for performing the traditional splice of 4/0 gauge wire are: 1. Retrieve tools 2. Provide access to the wire that requires splicing 3. Adjusting the crimping tool to the correct splice 4. Cutting the wire 5. Stripping the insulation back approximately 2 inches 6. Ensuring wire is clean of dirt or other contaminants 7. Sliding a shrink wrap sleeve on the wire 8. Inserting an end of the wire into the end of the butt splice connector 9. Ensuring the crimping tool is adjusted correctly for the butt splice connector 10. Crimp the butt splice connector using the crimping tool 11. Rotating the wire 90 degrees 12. Crimp the butt splice connector 13. Inserting the other end of the wire into the end of the butt splice connector 14. Crimp the butt splice connector using the crimping tool 2

26 15. Rotating the wire 90 degrees 16. Crimp the butt splice connector 17. Slide the shrink wrap sleeve over the splice 18. Use the heat source to shrink the sleeve 19. Store tools The total operation of these steps took approximately nine (9) minutes to perform. The ergonomic risk factors identified in this procedure were: Leaning forward back postures in excess of 20 degrees for several aspects of the task Twisted back postures for several aspects of the task Repetition associated with crimping the splice High forces and duration of high forces when crimping the splice Compression of the thigh and hands when crimping the splice In reality, these tasks were being performed in an ideal environment to include being indoors, good lighting, and ambient temperatures in the 70s. In addition the splices were performed on a table. When performed in the field the task could be even more stressful. For instance, if the task were performed in a ditch or on overhead wires the postures and forces would vary greatly. The steps of the process with ergonomic risk factors were 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 16. The crimping steps (10, 12, 14, and 16) appeared to be the most stressful and are discussed below. (NOTE TO YOU, CAN THEY USE A HYDRAULIC CUTTER AND CRIMPER, IF THE WAS AT FLOOR LEVEL THE POSTURE WOULD BE HORRENDUCS when combined with the high forces) Figure 2 shows a photo at the start of the crimping step. The master electrician is in an awkward posture. His torso is leaning forward, one handle of the tool is compressing his thigh, his upper arm approaching shoulder height, and he is putting a great amount of force on the handles. He must attain this posture four (4) times each time he splices one (1) 4/0 cable. So, it is performed four (4) times in a nine (9) minute sequence of steps. Each crimping step took approximately 9 seconds to perform. At the midpoint of the crimping step, as shown in Figure 3, the master electrician is in a very awkward posture. His back is bent forward and twisted, his neck is twisted, he is continuing to apply a great amount of force using his body weight and his hands. Hisleft upper arm is above shoulder height and abducted (away from the body), and the handle of the tool is in a position where it could slip. 3

27 High hand forces Leaning forward Compressive forces on thigh Figure 2: Start of Crimping Step Upper arm above shoulder height and abducted Neck bent and twisted Back leaning forward Handle of tool could slip Figure 3: Midpoint Crimping Step 4

28 High hand forces Leaning forward and twisted neck and back posture Handle of tool could slip Figure 4: End Point of Crimping Step Figure 4 shows the end point of the crimping step. As the figure shows the Master Electrician is in a very awkward posture with his back leaning forward almost the end of a supportable range and twisted, his neck is in a twisted posture, handle of the tool is still unsupported and could slip, and he is still exerting a great amount of force. I performed RULA analysis on three of the most stressful postures associated with this task. Figure 2 shows the start of the crimping task. A RULA analysis was performed on this posture. The completed RULA form is shown in Figure 5. The RULA score developed from this analysis was seven (7). A seven (7) represents the worst postural score under the RULA technique, indicating a change needs to be made to the task. This step is performed four (4) times for each splice. So, this action is performed four (4) times in the nine (9) minute task allowing very little time for muscle recovery Figure 3 shows the midpoint in the crimping task. The completed RULA form is shown in Figure 6. The RULA score developed from this analysis was seven (7). A seven (7) again represents the worst postural score under the RULA technique, indicating a change needs to be made to the task. This step is also performed four (4) times for each splice. So, this action is performed four (4) times in the nine (9) minute task. 5

29 Figure 5: RULA Analysis for Start of Crimping Task 6

30 Figure 6: RULA Analysis for Midpoint of Crimping Task 7

31 Figure 7: RULA Analysis for End of Crimping Task 8

32 Figure 4 shows the final phase of the crimping step and Figure 7 shows the RULA analysis. This part of the crimping task also scored a RULA score of seven (7). As stated above, a RULA score of seven (7) is the worst postural score possible using this methodology. This score indicates that the task should be modified immediately to avoid injury. 3. Analysis of Using the Melni Connector to Perform a Splice The equipment used for the Melni connector splicing task are: The wire The Melni Connector Two (2) pairs of channel lock pliers The basic steps for performing the splicing task with the Melni connector for 4/0 wire are: 1. Retrieve tools 2. Provide access to the wire that requires splicing 3. Cutting the wire 4. Stripping the insulation back approximately 2 inches 5. Ensuring wire is clean of dirt or other contaminants 6. Inserting an end of the wire into the end of the Melni connector 7. Hand tightening the gripper/ seal ring on the Melni connector 8. Inserting the other end of the wire into the end of the Melni connector 9. Hand tightening the gripper/ seal ring on the Melni connector 10. Twisting the couplers on one end of the Melni connectors with the channel lock pliers 11. Ensuring the coupler on the other side of the connector is tight 12. Store tools The procedure for using the Melni connector has seven (7) fewer basic steps and the steps have many fewer ergonomic risk factors. This process took approximately 50 seconds to perform meaning duration is not a factor as it is with the traditional method. From observing the task and analyzing the videos the steps with ergonomic risk factors were steps 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The ergonomic risk factors for the steps were: High hand forces and twisted wrist when inserting the wire into the Melni connector to ensure it is seated (steps 6 and 8) 9

33 Awkward neck posture when inserting the wire into the Melni connector (steps 6 and 8) Awkward back posture when using the channel locks to tighten the couplers (step 10) Awkward wrist postures when tighten the gripper/seal ring on the Melni connector (step 9) As with the traditional method, the postural issues will also depend on the environment where the splice is being performed. The conditions of this test were considered ideal. Figure 8 shows the most stressful step using the Melni connector. This figure shows that the master electrician in slightly bent forward and he is using force to push the wire into the Melni connector. Figure 9 shows the posture when using the channel locks to tighten the Melni connector couplings.figure 10 shows the posture when the master electrician tightens the gripper/seal ring on the Melni connector. Awkward neck posture High hand forces, twisted wrist Figure 8: Inserting Wire into Melni Connector 10

34 Elbows less than 90 o angle Back leaning forward Figure 9: Tightening Coupler Step for Melni Connector Elbows less than 90 o angle and arm abducted Back leaning forward Figure 10: Tightening Gripper/Seal Ring Step for Melni Connector 11

35 Figure 11 shows the completed RULA form for the wire insertion step and Figure 12 shows the RULA form for tightening the Melni connector couplings. Figure 13 shows the RULA form for the gripper/seal ring tightening step. The resulting RULA scores were 5, 4,and 4 respectively, indicating that the stress should be further investigated and changed at some point in time but is not considered imminent as with the traditional method. 4. Conclusions The results from the analysis showed that: There were seven (7) fewer steps associated with the Melni connector for performing a splice of 4/0 cable. The time to perform the splicing task was approximately eight (8) minutes less for the Melni connector as compared with the traditional splicing method. The ergonomic hazards associated with using the Melni connector were fewer in number and, according to the RULA analyses, less stressful. The RULA scores for the three (3) parts of the crimping steps for the traditional splicing method all were seven (7), whereas the highest RULA score for any of the steps associated with the Melni connector was five (5). The risk of the crimping tool slipping while performing the crimping steps for a traditional splice appears to be great and could lead to an acute injury. The only tools required to perform the Melni connector splice are two (2) channel locks. The overall conclusion is that the use of the Melni connector provides great ergonomic benefit over the traditional method of splicing 4/0 cable and takes considerably less time to perform. It is recommended that this method be used whenever possible and the electricians should be trained on the ergonomic risk factors associated with this tasks as well as stretching techniques to reduce fatigue. 5. References 1. Ergoweb, 2. McAtamney, L. and Corlett, E.N. (1993) RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 24 (2),

36 Figure 11: RULA Analysis for Wire Insertion Step for Melni Connector 13

37 Figure 12: RULA Analysis for Coupler Tightening Step for Melni Connector 14

38 Figure 13: RULA Analysis for Gripper/Seal Ring Tightening Step for Melni Connector 15

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