Taekwondo roundhouse kick leg technique biomechanical feature research and application

Transcription

1 ISSN : Volume 0 Issue 3 Taekwono rounhouse kck leg technque bomechancal feature research an applcaton Yunpeng Meng Insttute of Physcal Eucaton, Fuyang Normal College, Fuyang, Anhu, (CHINA) BTAIJ, 0(3), 04 [ ] ABSTRACT Wth progress of tmes, Taekwono has also been raply evelopng, an become formal event n Olympc Games. In orer to fn out Chnese athletes shortcomngs an efects, the paper analyzes mechancal relatons an ynamcal relatons when athletes make rounhouse kckng; t gets athletes potental energy generate when they make rounhouse kckng. An analyzes athletes ata, t gets that when athletes make rounhouse kckng, ther hp jont, knee jont an ankle jont knematc features. Fnally t gets that when athletes make rounhouse kckng, n case that quarceps femors an hamstrngs fully contracton, they shoul try to reuce hp abucton angle an hp nflecton angle as much as possble, shorten each phase completon tme, mprove motons spee an motons surprse, so that arrves at antcpatve effects an let own party get avantage. 04 Trae Scence Inc. - INIA KEYWORS ynamcal analyss; Lagrange ynamcal functon; ata analyss; Rounhouse kck leg technque; Taekwono. INTROUCTION Taekwono orgnate from Korean pennsula above two thousan years ago, n the begnnng t appeare n ancent Korean people wl anmals efenng an huntng, subsequently t ha graually forme a kn of self-efense attack an efense combat technque wth routnes. In Korean ancent three kngoms pero, ue to three kngoms mutual nvang generate Goguryeo, Slla, Paekche the three kngoms urng mutual contenng, each country mltary sklls ha been raply evelope, nether mltary offcers examnaton nor folk mutual exchangng, all became prototype of subsequent taekwono. After 955, South Korea formally name prevous Korean pennsula an foregn ntrouce mltary sklls ntegrate self-efense art as Taekwono. In 966, the frst nternatonal taekwono organzaton nternatonal taekwono feeraton was foune n South Korea. In995, Chna formally foune taekwono assocaton. From then on, taekwono has been raply evelopng n Chna. Taekwono s a combatng way wth fsts an feet, from whch leg technque moves occupy 70% of total moves, thereupon, taekwono s a combatng way major n leg technques. The reason s that athletes leg attackng range s larger wth full force, whle by comparng, fsts attackng strength s weaker, range s smaller, whch let athletes n taekwono competton, manly attack wth leg technque whle supplement wth fsts technque, fsts moves are major n parry an efenng opponents. In tranng, taekwono hghlght sounng, resonant an wth eterrent roar can mpose pressure

2 500 Taekwono rounhouse kck leg technque bomechancal feature research an applcaton BTAIJ, 0(3) 04 to opponents. An research shows that human boy muscle, when works wthout buren, 0% muscle by boy sounng can spee up ts 9% contracton spee; when works wth buren, the rsng s more remarkable that mproves aroun 4% contracton spee, therefore when competton athletes wll mutual let out a shout. In motons technque, taekwono more focus on strength an spee promotng, taekwono all motons an technques are major n attack an efense combatng, whch s partcular about fercely power, fast spee, obvous strkng effects an so on. Taekwono s a leg technque that subung unyelng wth unyelng, so athletes n compettons are mostly rect strokng rect fghtng, an wth coherent leg technques block sklls to fght aganst opponents, ts basc technques types are techncal type, free of han type, strength type, attack type an counter attack type. Its pomae ves nto lots of kns, bascally have Corea, Kng Kong an Ta J so on. Taekwono common basc motons have front kck, se kck, back kck, rounhouse kck, hook kck, ownwar kck, an reverse kck, push kck, jump kck, ouble kck, ouble turnng kck an so on. The paper makes research on relatve faster, precse rounhouse kck metho from them. MOEL ESTABLISHMENT AN SOLUTION Rounhouse kcks techncal analyss Leg technque of rounhouse kck, frst peal rght foot to shft gravty center to left foot, two hans make a fst an put n the front of chest, rght foot takes hp jont as axs, ben knees an lfts up; left foot sole makes a grnng rotaton, hp jont rotates left, left knee nner buckles; n the followng, left foot contnues to nner rotate o 80, rght leg knee jont lfts to horzontal poston, an fast kcks shank out towars front of left; after httng, fast return shank, fnally athlete places actual combat postures. Fgures, Fgure are rounhouse kck leg technques emonstratve graphs Rounhouse kck leg technque ynamcal analyss Fgure : Rounhouse kck leg technques front schematc agram Fgure : Rounhouse kck leg technques profle schematc agram ue to when athlete makes rounhouse kckng, he shoul twst hp jont, let hp jont rve rght leg kck out n the front of left se, rght shank kcks out forwar wth knee jont as axs, an fnally t s n stretch tght state. In the process, t can smplfy thgh an shank nto two rg boes surrounng fxe axs rotatng problems, as Fgure 3 shows. rven by hp jont, thgh n rotaton process wll prouce a resultant moment M, formula s as followng: M I In formula I s rght thgh rotatonal nerta, s Fgure 3 : Rght leg rotaton profle

3 BTAIJ, 0(3) 04 Yunpeng Meng 50 rght thgh angular accelerate spee. Regar rght leg as a cylner rg boy, then ts rotatonal nerta I s: mr I B Among them, m s rght thgh mass, r s rght thgh raus, angular accelerate spee s: w Rght shank, urng rotaton, except for tself woul generate angular accelerate spee, t wll have a ntal angular spee, therefore rght shank angular spee s: w w Establsh rght leg nto surrounng hp jont an knee jont two rg boes two freeom egree moels, as Fgure 4 show. Fgure 4 : Human boy rght leg rg boy freeom egree moel After that, make use of Lagrange equaton wrte out rght leg restrane partcle ynamcal equaton; efne L as rght leg Lagrange functon s system knetc energy K an poston energy P fference: L K P Rght leg Lagrange ynamcal equaton s: F L q L q,,,n Among them, q & s partcle corresponng spee, q s partcle poston energy an system knetc energy coornate, F represents rght leg the coornate partcle actng force szes, thgh an boy axs nclue angle as well as shank an axs nclue angle are respectvely,, thgh an shank length are respectvely l,l, stance between thgh mass center an hp jont s p, stance between shank an knee jont s p, therefore, t can solve thgh mass center coornate X,Y as : X p sn Y p cos X l sn p sn Y l cos p cos Smlarly, t can also solve shank mass center coornate X,Y. System potental energy E p an system knetc energy E expresson s: Ek Ek Ek, Ek Ek m l m p m l p 0 Ep Ep E Ep m gp k m p cos p, Ep mgp cos cos m gl cos Convert above formula nto Lagrange functon expresson, t can get hp jont an knee jont n Lagrange system ynamcal equaton torque M M h k In torque, s expresse as: jk M h an M k as: m p mp m p m l m lp cos mp m l g sn m p g sn m p m lp cos m p mlp cos m lp sn m lp sn m lp sn m pg sn

4 50 Taekwono rounhouse kck leg technque bomechancal feature research an applcaton BTAIJ, 0(3) 04 ATHLETES ROUNHOUSE KICK ATA ANALYSIS In orer to further fn out Chnese taekwono athletes efect an shortcomngs, the paper aopts V photogrammetry, recors athletes rounhouse kck whole process, put them nto three mensonal coornates, analyzes athletes rounhouse kck moton from the perspectve of three mensonal space, extracts athletes hea, shouler, han, elbow, hp an knee as well as other jonts three mensonal coornates n mage, after smoothng an through statstcs an analyss, t gets athletes ata when makng rounhouse kck. Hp jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck When athletes make rounhouse kck, n knee lftng phase, they complete hp benng moton by lopsoas, rectus femors, tensor fascae latae an Sartorus as well as other muscle group contracton. In the followng, let trunk lean left an contract rght hp gluteus meums, gluteus mnmums an other muscles to let rght thgh nner rotate. Fnally, urng shank flck phase, uner hp jont surrounng muscle group common actng, let thgh keep below o 60 flexon. TABLE s athlete s hp jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck. From TABLE, t s clear that when ankle jont spee arrves at maxmum, hp jont abucton angle an hp flexon angle are n negatve correlaton wth ankle jont maxmum spee that 0. 53, 0. 56, p Therefore offensve leg urng whppng phase, ts abucton angle s so bg that t wll affect ankle jont forwar extenson spee. If hp flexon angle s too bg, then t wll ncrease thgh swngng range, further ncrease movement tme, an nfluence ankle jont maxmum spee. That shows when athletes make rounhouse kck, f hp jont abucton angle an hp flexon angle are too bg, t s harmful for ankle jont achevng maxmum spee. However, f hp flexon angle s too small, t wll cause nsuffcent quarceps femors ntatve contracton an nsuffcent hamstrngs passve contracton, whch wll also affect ankle jont maxmum spee. Therefore, when athletes make rounhouse kck, n case that quarceps femors an hamstrngs can suffcent contract, try to reuce hp abucton angle an hp flexon angle as much as possble so that arrve at ankle jont maxmum spee. Knee jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck In the whole process of rounhouse kck, offensve leg s knee jont experences movement process as frstly flexon then extenson an at last return to flexon. After ankle jont arrvng at maxmum spe, ue to nerta, knee jont contnues to exten, but fferent from tratonal rounhouse technque shank fnally shoul straghtly kck such stuaton, knee jont never keeps straght n taekwono rounhouse kck process. When taekwono athletes make rounhouse kck, knee jont completes contracton manly by semtennosus, bceps femors an semmembranosus as well as other muscle group actng, then let t exten by quarceps femors, so that complete whppng moton. TABLE s athletes knee jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck. From TABLE, t s clear that athletes urng rounhouse kck moment knee lftng phase, n orer to reuce knee lftng rotatonal nerta, an prove better exertng force conton for whppng phase, knee jont shoul make fast flexon. TABLE shows that athletes appeare maxmum flexon angular spee tme s n negatve correlaton wth ankle jont maxmum spee that 0.6, p 0.05.An rounhouse kck completon tme s also n negatve correlaton wth ankle jont maxmum spee, whch also shows that athletes shoul shorten whole process completon tme by shorten every phase spenng tme so as to acheve the purpose of ncreasng spee. Beses, t also can know that knee TABLE : Athlete rounhouse kckng moment hp jont movement features ( n 3 ) Hp flexon maxmum angular spee When ankle jont at maxmum spee Angular spee( /s) Tme Hp abucton angle Hp flexon angle Average value Stanar evaton Correlaton coeffcent

5 BTAIJ, 0(3) 04 Yunpeng Meng 503 TABLE : Athlete rounhouse kckng moment knee jont movement features ( n 3 ) Maxmum Maxmum flexon Maxmum extenson Maxmum Ankle jont flexon angle angular spee angular spee spee maxmum spee Angle Tme Angular Tme Angular Tme Spee Tme Knee Knee jont ( ) Spee ( /s) Spee ( /s) (m/s) jont angle ( ) angular spee ( /s) Average value Stanar evaton Correlaton coeffcent jont appeare maxmum spee tme an ankle jont maxmum spee as well as knee jont maxmum spee an ankle jont maxmum spee are n sgnfcant postve correlatons, an appeare tme an ankle jont maxmum spee are n sgnfcant negatve correlaton. It s not har to see that knee jont manly ncrease spee by hp jont flexor group contracton, whch s very smlar to whppng technque large jont rvng facet jont prncple. Knee jont maxmum extenson angular spee an tme are n nsgnfcant fference correlatons wth ankle jont maxmum spee, an only after ankle jont maxmum spee showng up, knee extenson maxmum spee woul show up, whch shows ankle jont spee s up to athletes whole boy each moton mutual coornaton egree, t cannot mprove ankle jont spee just by promotng knee jont spee. Item Ankle jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck Ankle jont movement s the en lnk n rounhouse kck process, ts movement s rven by shank movement, an ankle jont maxmum spee s also the result of athletes whole boy each moton overlappng. TABLE 3 s athletes ankle jont movement features when makng rounhouse kck. By TABLE 3, t s clear that athlete ankle jont maxmum spee average value s4.78m s, relatve movement trajectory length s.07m. Though TABLE 3 shows that movement trajectory an ankle jont maxmum spee correlatons s not remarkable, when athlete makes rounhouse kck, try to shorten each phase completon tme, whch not only can ncrease spee, TABLE 3 : Athlete rounhouse kckng moment ankle jont movement features Ankle jont maxmum spee(m/s) Ankle jont Movement trajectory(m) Ankle jont relatve movement trajectory (trajectory length/heght) Movement Completon tme Average value Stanar evaton Correlaton coeffcent but also can mprove moton surprse let opponents be caught unprepare an acheve avantage. CONCLUSIONS Ths paper gets athlete rounhouse kck moment generate potental energy by analyzng athlete rounhouse kck moment mechancal relatons an ynamcal relatons. An analyzes athlete ata, obtans athlete rounhouse kck moment hp jont, knee jont an ankle jont movement features. It gets that athlete urng rounhouse kck moment; n case that quarceps femors an hamstrngs can suffcent contract, try to reuce hp abucton angle an hp flexon angle as much as possble, after ankle jont arrvng at maxmum spe, ue to nerta, knee jont contnues to exten, an t gets that fferent from tratonal rounhouse technque shank fnally shoul straghtly kck such stuaton, knee jont never keeps straght n taekwono rounhouse kck process. An n orer to reuce knee lftng rotatonal nerta, an prove better exertng force conton for whppng phase, t shoul shorten each phase comple-

6 504 Taekwono rounhouse kck leg technque bomechancal feature research an applcaton BTAIJ, 0(3) 04 ton tme an let knee jont make fast flexon. It corrects people thought of mprovng ankle jont spee just relyng on promotng knee jont spee, an t shoul mprove ankle jont spee by mprovng athletes whole boy each moton mutual coornaton egrees. In overall aspect, athlete shoul also mprove moton spee an moton surprse, whch arrves at antcpatve result let own party get avantages. REFERENCES [] Hu Zong-Xang, Lu Xue-Zhen; The Bomechancs Analyss on Trunk Sport at Horzontal-Kckng of Taekwono[J]. Journal of Bejng Sport Unversty, 3(), (008). [] Zhou Chang-Tao, Yu a-feng; Bomechancal characterstc analyss on elte men s Taekwono horzontal-kckng technques[j]. Journal of Shanong Physcal Eucaton Insttute, 6(9), (00). [3] Fu Chao, Qan Chen-Xang; The Knematc Analyss on the ouble Kcks of Taekwono[J]. Journal of Pla Insttute of Physcal Eucaton, 9(), 6-64 (00). [4] Hu Zong-Xang, Chen Xao-Guang; Bomechancs Analyss on Trunk Sport at Horzontal Kckng of Taekwono[J]. Sports Scences Researches, 0(3), 58-6 (006). [5] L Sh-Mng; Arthmetcs o some knetcs nexes n motve veo analyss[j]. Journal of Wuhan Insttute of Physcal Eucaton, 4(), 55-57, 64 (007). [6] Hu Zong-Xang; The Bomechancs Analyss on Lower Lmbs Sport at Horzontal-Kckng of Taekwono[J]. Journal of Hebe Insttute of Physcal Eucaton, 0(3), (006).