Ancient Weapons. There are a plethora of ancient weapons from various parts of the world. Ancient

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1 Rybicki 1 Austyn Rybicki Professor Bob Gilbert History 121-A 29 September, 2014 Ancient Weapons There are a plethora of ancient weapons from various parts of the world. Ancient weapons are mostly advancements from earlier weapons, but the primitive weapons created were for hunting and warfare. However, some of these weapons, such as the sword, have no primitive predecessors. Weapons like swords can only be crafted through a distinctive process that was not invented until the earliest stages of weapon construction. Ancient weapons came in three forms, siege weapons, ranged weapons, and melee (close combat) weapons. Many of these weapons, the sword for example, are universally known around the world. Other weapons, such as the bizarre hunga-munga, are little known and defy classification. The existence of ancient weapons technically ended around the dawn of the medieval period, but some of these humanpowered weapons continue to dominate battlefields. Weapons like these were used prior to the dawn of the age of fire arms. However, one walking through past battle grounds may stumble across a few of these ancient weapons to this day. Siege weapons were the biggest game-changing weapons used during the ancient period. Siege weapons could make a giant impact on a particular group of soldiers or even an entire army. For instance, the Romans used ballistas not only on land, but they also mounted these

2 Rybicki 2 weapons on ancient Roman war ships. This was a strategic plan to give themselves a degree of fire power before attacking. These ballistas were used, in ramming maneuvers and also hand to hand combat. Siege weapons were involved in great strategic plans, such as building fortifications around a town that was sieged. This was used to prevent anyone or anything from getting into or out of the city. This was a very stable and useful strategy because once a city s siege was up it was unlikely to come down. Some other siege weapons that were effective were weapons like mobile turrets. This a less destructive weapon because it was more or less a surface with wheels that could transport men, tools, weapons, and other necessities that an army needed but could not hold. More strategic siege weapons used for defense were weapons such as a testudo and a vineae. A testudo was a formation that an army get used to further protect themselves. This formation was a very tightly packed group which held several vineaes (wicker hurdles on posts carried by the soldiers as a roof above their heads) and also shields for the soldiers on the outer layer of the formation. The last type of siege weapons are the destructive ones such as the catapult. Catapults were used to fire large objects such as boulders to wipe out armies, walls, and other siege weapons. Siege weapons were by far the biggest weapons during the ancient time period. Some historians say these weapons are the game-changers of all the ancient weapons due to the size and effect they had during battles. The least effective weapons of the three types during the ancient time period were the ranged weapons. The reason these weapons were the least effective was due to the time it took to either reload the weapon, or the firing distance of the weapon. During battle, using long-range weapons can be a great advantage to an army. These weapons can help weaken the enemy before moving closer to the enemy s positon. Some long ranged weapons that were used during the time were the bow and arrow used by the Egyptian army. The Egyptian army also used

3 Rybicki 3 slingshots to pelt their enemy from long or short distance for greater impact. Other armies such as the Spartans had javelins to pierce or disrupt their enemy s formation before closing the distance gap to finish the fight. The purpose of a long-range attack would be a two-fold technique. The first was to cause multiple casualties and damage the enemy, and the second was to disrupt or unsettle the enemy. This led to having a distressed and fragmented enemy force, which was easier to fight during battle. Medium-range weapons could be more effective than long range weapons, but were less strategic due to the range of the weapon. Some weapons used for medium-range battles were the same ones used for the long-ranged weapons, such as the bow and arrow. Although using the bow and arrow was more effective from a shorter distance, it took more time to prepare a bow and arrow, therefore one could have been killed before he or she got a shot off. Other armies such as Spartans used their Dory and Apsis (a long sharp object such as a spear) to attack from nine feet away while using shields to defend. Although these ranged weapons may have been the least effective weapons used during the ancient time period, they were reliable and could give an army an advantage if they had these weapons and their enemy did not. The last type of weapons used during the ancient period were the melee (close combat) weapons. These weapons were used when an enemy was within five feet of oneself. For oneon-one battle this was the most effective weapon of choice because of how quick they were to use. Using some of these melee weapons could have a counter effect on a solider using a weapon such as an explosive. One of the most significant and common melee weapons used was the mace. A mace was a type of bludgeon designed to injure through, or cave in, heavy armor. Its pronged knob that was sometimes spiked was capable of breaking through the thickest bones or even a human skull. Another brutal melee weapon was a flail. A flail was a metal stick or

4 Rybicki 4 ball attached to a handle via a chain. Flails were swung in a circular arc and brought crashing down on an enemy s head. Depending on the army, some would stick to sharp objects such as knives or spears to gain as an advantage. This was because of their light weight and that they were able to quickly pull out the object in case of a sudden attack from a kamikaze enemy. Melee weapons may have been the smallest weapons used during the ancient time period, but when used they could be the most brutal and the most deadly weapons used. Weapons had a major impact on history and ancient times. Starting from the beginning of time weapons have developed at a rapid pace. All types of weapons have a certain advantage to them. For example the siege weapons helped with defensive strategies and sometimes with very long-distance strategies. The ranged weapons could give an army a major advantage if the opposing enemy did not have anything besides siege and melee weapons. Melee weapons could either be heavy, light, big, or small and still have a strategic advantage and effect the same as any other weapon. All in all, weapons were a major topic during the ancient time period. No matter what type the weapon was, or how the weapon was used, it was usually effective during battle. Lastly weapons affected every group or culture during the time. Whether this effect was good or bad, the weapons changed the culture immensely.

5 Rybicki 5 Work Cited "Ancient Weapons." Ancient Weapons. AncientMilitay.com, Web. 27 Sept "Ancient Roman Siege Weapons." Siege Weapons. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept Ancient Weapons." Ancient Warriors. Legends and Chronics, Web. 28 Sept "Melee Weapons." Zombiepedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept

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