SWD Update. Elizabeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center 1100 N. Western Ave. Wenatchee, Washington

Transcription

1 SWD Updte Northwest Wholesle Orgnic Grower Meeting Cmpbell s Resort, Cheln, WA 5 Februry 213 9:3-1: m Elizbeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Reserch & Extension Center 11 N. Western Ave. Wentchee, Wshington

2 US SWD Distribution

3 BC US SWD Distribution

4 BC US SWD Distribution

5 BC US SWD Distribution

6 BC US SWD Distribution

7 SWD website

8 SWD trp loctions 212 Cneberry 5% Cherry 57% Blueberry 14% Apricot 2% Apple <1% Pech 6% Nectrine 4% Chokecherry 1% Grpe 11% SWD trp distribution by crop (n=334) E. Beers 213

9 212 SWD popultions rebound SWD/trp/week 3 2 SWD/trp CY21 CY211 CY212 1 J F M A M J J A S O N D

10 Avg. SWD (sesonl) <1 Aug, n = 1 >1 Aug, n = 4 1-Apr 1-My 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct Avg SWD (sesonl) <1 Aug, n = 4 >1 Aug, n =12 1-Apr 1-My 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct Avg. SWD (sesonl) <1 Aug, n = 12 >1 Aug, n =5 1-Apr 1-My 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct Dte of First Ctch of SWD

11 SWD trp ctch by crop Pech Nectrine Grpe Chokecherry Cherry Cneberry Blueberry Apricot Apple SWD/trp (vg through 21 October) *Numbers to the right of brs re numbers of smples

12 SWD Trp Ctch by Region: Avg. SWD/trp/week I-9 North I-9 South 2,274 smples 4,667 smples

13 SWD Trp Ctch by Region: ,545 8 SWD/trp 6 4 2,252 2 North of I-9 South of I-9 *Numbers on top of brs re numbers of smples *through week 43, 21 Oct 212

14 Bit Test ACV vs SuperBit (mx ctch=444) ACV SuperBit ns Superbit Apple cider vinegr Molsses Wter Chep red wine SWD/trp/week 15 1 ns 5 b Mles Femles Totl

15 Bit Test Apple Cider Vinegr Zlom Yest Bit ns Yest bit Yest Sugr Wter SWD/trp/week 2 b ns 1 Mles Femles Totl

16 211 Bit Test mles femles totl SWD/trp b b bc b.4 b b. SuperBit Contech "Zlom" Yest Contech ACV Contech ACV Deli Cup

17 SWD trp test ACV vs Monterey Ag Bit Hvilnd trps 212 Monterey Ag Bit Monterey Ag Bit (undiluted) undiluted Monterey Ag Bit (diluted 1:4) 1:4 dilution ACV Apple Cider Vinegr (undiluted) SWD/trp (sesonl thru erly October) Monterey Ag Bit 25% solution b ACV Trp Cptures Prop. SWD Totl SWD.2 b Selectivity. Monterey Ag Bit ACV

18 SWD Stndrd Trp Test Hvilnd trp mesh top, cover Modified Hvilnd trp (1 holes in sides, no cover) Vn Steenwyk trp, 1 qt ice crem, mesh top, cover Deli cup (1 qt, 1 holes in sides) Red cup (1 qt, 1 holes in sides) Contech (2 holes in sides)

19 Contech WF cd Stndrd Trp Test (SCRI*SWD) Contech Heinz d Redcup c Delicup b Hvilnd Mod c Hvilnd VnSteenwyk b Avg. SWD/trp

20 Trp test: SCRI cup color (212) 3 SWD/trp 2 1 Yellow Red Blck Cler White

21 Trp Design Fctors (212) Diffusion Are/point Totl re constnt; number of points vried Bit Volume Surfce re constnt; volume vried Bit Surfce Are Volume held constnt, surfce re vried Hedspce Vrible distnce between bit surfce nd holes; surfce re nd volume constnt

22 Trp Design Fctors Vribles mesured Mle, femle, totl SWD Sex rtio (proportion femle) Initil, finl bit volume (prop. bit remining) Selectivity: prop. of ll Drosophil tht were SWD Trp contminnts: other Dipter, Coleopter, Lepidopter

23 Trp Design Fctors Diffusion points 1qt deli cups 15 ml ACV Totl re of diffusion/entry: 25 mm 2 8 holes (6.3 mm dim) (1/4 inch) 2 holes (12.7 mm dim) (1/2 inch) 1 hole (17.5 mm dim) (11/16 inch) 1 SWD/trp (sesonl vg.) b SWD cpture incresed with incresing NUMBER OF POINTS Prop. femles lower if only 1 hole Prop. Drosophil, Dipter, the sme Fewer Coleopter in 1 hole Lepidopter eliminted by 8 (smller) holes DA 8 holes DA 2 holes DA 1 hole

24 Trp Design Fctors Bit volume Plstic screw-top jrs, stright sided, 16 oz Ten 3/16 th holes, 2 cm bove bit surfce Four levels of bit volume: 5 ml 1 ml 2 ml 3 ml SWD/trp (sesonl vg.) c bc b 5 ml 1 ml 2 ml 3 ml SWD cpture incresed with incresing VOLUME of bit Prop. Femles not chnged Prop SWD higher in 5 ml Prop. bit remining ws higher in lrger bit volumes (1, 2, 3) Prop. Dipter the sme More Coleopter in 2 ml (?) (Lepidopter eliminted by (smller) holes)

25 Trp Design Fctors Bit Surfce Are Plstic screw-top jrs, stright sided 8, 16, 32 oz sizes (15 ml ACV in ll) Three levels of bit surfce re (SA): Cup vol: SA (cm 2 ) SA (in 2 ) 8 oz cup: oz cup: oz cup: SWD/trp (sesonl vg.) NS trend for incresed cpture with incresing SURFACE AREA of bit Prop. Femles higher in 71 cm2 (?) Prop. bit remining unchnged Dipter higher with lrger SA [Lepidopter eliminted by smller holes ] 38 cm 2 71 cm cm 2 E. Beers, Bit Surfce Are

26 Building Better Mousetrp Bigger is Better! ( but, wht does it men?)

27 Entrust Rte Biossy Femle Mle % Mortltiy Entrust 3 oz Entrust 2 oz Entrust 1 oz Check Mles Femles % Mortlity Entrust 2.25 oz Entrust 1.8 oz Entrust 1.25 oz Check

28 SWD Field Tril - Sunrise 5 4 Oviposition puncture/5 fruit b b b b b Success Delegte Entrust Wrrior Endigo Check

29 PyGnic Rte Test % Mortltiy (femles, 48 h) PyGnic 64 fl oz PyGnic 32 fl oz PyGnic 16 fl oz PyGnic 1.4EC b b b Check % Mortltiy (femles, 48 h) PyGnic 5EC [18 fl oz/cre] b b b PyGnic 2 gl PyGnic 5 gl PyGnic 1 gl Check

30 SWD: Residul Control Airblst % Mortlity Sevin 4F 3 qt Sevin 4F 1 qt Mlthion 1.75 pt PermGurd 25 lb Check Dys After Tretment 122-8

31 SWD: Residul Control (Hndgun, Bing, treted 7 August 212) Orgnophosphtes Pyrethroids Spinosyns Residul Control Dizinon Wrrior Guthion Delegte Entrust Fyfnon

32 GF-12 Field Tril Adults+Pupe Emerged/5 fruit Smple dte 18 Jul 26 Jul 2 Aug GF-12 Entrust Check

33 SWD Chemicl Control Bit Spry Test Trt Description 1 Entrust 2SC + Monterey Ag Bit Rte/cre Appliction method 1 fl oz + ATV 6-nozzle 8 pt (=1 4.2 gp gl) 2 Entrust 2SC 8 fl oz Airblst 1 gp 3 Check E. Beers sprys 1-week intervls 17, 1, 3 dys before hrvest

34 SWD Chemicl Control Bit spry vs Entrust 12 1 Mortlity % Mortlity Bit+Entrust Entrust Check Pesticide Appl. Hrvest 2 *Dt from biossy, NOT field 11-Jun 18-Jun 25-Jun 2-Jul 9-Jul 4 Ovipositions Ovipositions/fruit E. Beers Jun 18-Jun 25-Jun 2-Jul 9-Jul

35 Timing of fruit susceptibility Sweet cherry Bing, Sweethert Ovipositions/fruit/live femle Bing Sweethert Ovipositions Emerged dults/fruit/live femle Emergence H-21 H-14 H-7 Hrv H+7 Timing in Reltion to Hrvest (dys). H-21 H-14 H-7 Hrv H+7 Timing in Reltion to Hrvest (dys) Bing 21 DBH Sweethert 21 DBH

36 SWD in 213. SWD cused significnt economic dmge in southern districts in ws closer to norml thn previous 2 yers Not enough informtion to predict longerterm ptterns of ttck nd dmge Time to strt thinking bout resistnce mngement