Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture

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Ariel O’Neal’
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1 Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture INFLUENCE OF RULES CHANGES ON THE INDICATORS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY IN THE GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING nn Тropin Yuriy

Even minor changes in the rules affect the indicators of competitive activities and methods of training athletes (Y. Avdeyev, B. Tarakanov, V. Vorob'yev, 2006; A. Kuznetsov, R. Mubarakzyanov, 2014; R.

2 Relevance. The policy of the International Olympic Committee focused on improving the entertainment of various sports, regarding wrestling it is implemented through appropriate changes in competition rules. Even minor changes in the rules affect the indicators of competitive activities and methods of training athletes (Y. Avdeyev, B. Tarakanov, V. Vorob'yev, 2006; A. Kuznetsov, R. Mubarakzyanov, 2014; R. Apoyko, 2015). Therefore, in order to train elite athletes, it is important to inform wrestlers and coaches timely about promising areas for the development of wrestling. At the same time, analysis of the competitive activity of leading wrestlers is relevant (Y. Tropin, N. Boychenko, 2014; Н. Tünnemann, 2016; G. Korobeynikov and et. al., 2016; K. Slačanac, M. Baić, N. Starčević, 2017). 2

3 3 Purpose of the study to reveal the influence of changing the rules on the indicators of competitive activity in Greco-Roman wrestling. Objectives of the study: 1. To reveal the current state of the problem of training in wrestling based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, modern competitive activity and the synthesis of advanced practical experience; 2. To analyze the competitive activity of elite wrestlers at the Olympic Games; 3. To identify the differences in technical and tactical preparedness of elite wrestlers at the Olympic Games (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016).

4 technical actions appeared instead of 3-point). 4 Methods of the study: theoretical analysis and synthesis of data of special literature, analysis of protocols and videos of the final bouts of elite wrestlers of the Greco-Roman style at the Olympic Games (1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016), method of mathematical statistics. Organization of the study: 117 final matches of elite athletes were analyzed, the following indicators were recordered: duration of the bouts (time of the bouts); all technical actions conducted by wrestlers in competitive matches (number of technical actions); real attempts (number of realized attempts to perform a throw); estimated attempts (number of implemented attacks); effectiveness of applied technique in standing and parterre positions; effectiveness of defence in standing and parterre positions; result of applied technique in standing and parterre positions (was estimated in points: 1 point, 2 points, 3 points, 5 points and at the 2016 Olympics, a 4-point assessment of

5 5 Main changes in the rules of Greco-Roman wrestling: 1. Regulations of the match. 2. Score points (in each period or total in a bout). 3. Parterre position (compulsory position at the end of each period or for the passive wrestling). 4. Penalties for inactivity (judge s remark, caution, penalty of 1 point). 5. Scoring for technical actions. 6. Weight categories. 7. Awarding a victory in a match.

6 Table 1 Analysis of technical preparedness of elite wrestlers of the Greco-Roman style at the Olympic Games (n=117 bouts) ТA ОG-1996 (n=27 * ) ОG-2000 (n=16) ОG-2004 (n=15) ОG-2008 (n=21) ОG-2012 (n=20) ОG-2016 (n=18) Ʃ % Ʃ % Ʃ % Ʃ % Ʃ % Ʃ % 1 Parterre position: Turnovers Reverse turnovers Back belt throws Reverse belt throws Counter hold in parterre Holding an opponent in the «bridge» Not rated Total in parterre: Standing position: 7 Takedowns in parterre Twisting throws Back arch throws Knocking over Pushing out of mat Not rated Counter hold in standing position Total in standing: Total in parterre and standing positions:: Prematurely victories: Note: ТA technical actions, ОG Olympic Games, n * number of bouts. 6

7 7 % Figure 1 The dynamics of the ratio of technical actions in the parterre and standing positions at the Olympic Games (OG): 1 ОG-1996; 2 ОG-2000; 3 ОG-2004; 4 ОG-2008; 5 ОG-2012; 6 OG-2016.

8 Table 2 Indicators of competitive activity of elite Greco-Roman wrestlers at the Olympic Games (n=117 bouts) Indicators of competitive activity Efficiency of attacks in standing position, % Effectiveness of attacks in parterre position, % Effectiveness of defence in standing position, % Effectiveness of defence in parterre, % Results in standing position, points Results in parterre position, points ОG-1996 (n=27 * ) ОG-2000 (n=16) ОG-2004 (n=15) ОG-2008 (n=21) ОG-2012 (n=20) ОG-2016 (n=18) ,56 1,25 2,00 0,86 1,10 1,56 2,96 3,38 3,07 5,62 2,00 3,17 7 Attack interval, seconds Successful attack interval, seconds Average time of a bout, seconds Note: ОG Olympic Games, n * amount of bouts

9 Conclusions: 1. Analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, modern competitive activity and the compilation of advanced practical experience revealed that in sports wrestling an active search continues for optimal rules of competition and, accordingly, methods for improving various aspects of training. Successful training of athletes of any level is impossible without careful consideration of main trends in the development of wrestling, which can be established with sufficient accuracy when analyzing the competitive activity of elite wrestlers. 2. Analysis of the competitive activity of elite wrestlers at the Olympic Games of 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 showed: the technical and tactical skills of wrestlers were reduced and the tactics of the bout was simplified; in competitive technique attacking actions prevail, the bout is conducted constantly at a high pace; a number of high-amplitude techniques decreased; a number of pins reduced; elite wrestlers conduct more technical actions in parterre than in standing position, all said above significantly reduces the spectacularity of modern Greco-Roman wrestling. 3. The differences of technical and tactical preparedness of elite wrestlers at the Olympic Games in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 were revealed. 4. Elite wrestlers, after some time, adapt to changes in the rules, which leads to the increase of defending actions, the economization of performing techniques (conducting techniques on a small amplitude) and reduces the spectacularity of the duel. It has been established that today there remains a significant problem for the specialists of Greco-Roman wrestling in the need to modernize the rules of the competition in order to increase the effectiveness and spectacularity of wrestling matches. 9

10 Thanks for attention! 10

Introduction to Referee Course Session 2. Prepared by UWW Refereeing Department

Introduction to Referee Course Session 2 Prepared by UWW Refereeing Department Practical Session on the mat Discuss Safety of the Athletes Front headlock Joints outside of normal range of motion Where