Salmon Enhancement Program

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1 An Overview of Coho and Chinook Hatchery Facilities in the Strait of Georgia Fisheries and Oceans Canada Mel Sheng Salmon Enhancement Program

2 Quinsam Puntledge Sliammon Powell R Big Qualicum Little Qualicum Nanaimo Cowichan Sechelt Tenderfoot Capilano Seymour 11 Major Hatchery Facilities 6 Spawning Channels 7 Community Economic Development Projects

3 Nadina Horsefly Gates Thompson Shuswap Spius Inch Chehalis Weaver Chilliwack

4 SEP Production in the Strait of Georgia (M-million) Chinook M Chum 56 M Sockeye 38 M Coho 6-7 M (avg ) 14 M Pink

5 Georgia Strait 90% Ocean type Chinook Distribution Georgia Basin 90% Coho Distribution Coho Hatchery Coho smolts are normally released from L-April to L- May at grams Smolt-to-adult survival has declined from 10-15% in the early 1980 s to.4-3 % Chinook Hatchery chinook smolts are normally released from Mid- May to L- May at 5-6 grams Smolt-to-adult survival has declined from 1-3% in the early 1980 s to.2-.5 % Columbia R.

6 Georgia Basin Coho

7 Strait of Georgia Coho Releases & Survivals T o tal S m o lt R eleased 10,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 Total Rel Median Surv S u rvival M ed ian % Brood Year 0.0

8 Percentage of Hatchery Fish in Georgia Basin

9 Coho Exploitation and Marine Survival

10 Strait of Georgia Coho Marine Survivals 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% Wild Hatchery 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Return Year

11 Coho Smolt Survival West Coast Vancouver Island 16.0% 14.0% Robertson Creek Hatchery Carnation Creek 12.0% 10.0% Percen nt Survival 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Brood Year

12 Strait of Georgia Coho Catch (thousands)

13 Summary-Coho Release Strategy Studies SEP has been releasing 6.5 to 7.5 million coho smolts into the Strait of Georgia for the past years Georgia Strait coho survival rates declining May be linked to Georgia Strait carrying capacity or other ocean condition issues. Science community and stakeholder interest in experimenting with coho smolt release strategies and numbers to test carrying capacity and improve coho survival rates in the Strait of Georgia.

14 Georgia Strait Chinook

15 Comparative Chinook Smolt Release-To-Adult Survival Rates Hatchery 5 year * Surv Rate % 10 year** Surv Rate % Big Qualicum Little Qualicum Cowichan Quinsam Chilliwack Puntledge Nanaimo * brood years ** brood years

16 Mean Survival of SEP Facilities in the Georgia Basin Strait of Georgia Chinook Releases & Survival 35,000,000 30,000, Total Hatchery Chi inook Released 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000, Median % Surviv val Chinook Rel % Survival 5,000, Brood Year

17 Quinsam R Chinook Releases and Survivals, by Brood Year Total # Rel leased 5,000,000 Total Rel 4,500,000 Surv 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Brood Year % Surv vival

18 Cowichan R Chinook Releases and Survivals, by Brood Year Total # Rel leased 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Brood Year % S urv vival Total Rel Surv

19 Chilliwack R Chinook Releases and Survivals, by Brood Year 3,000,000 2,500, Total # Rel leased 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , % Surv vival # Rel Surv Brood Year

20 July 2008 Gulf Islands n = 44 Upper Fraser 9% Vancouver Island (east) 9% Cowichan River 25% September 2008 Gulf Islands n = 412 Cowichan River 22% Snake River 2% Puget Sound 2% North Thompson 9% Vancouver Island (east) 28% Upper Fraser 1% Low er Fraser 23% South Thompson 18% Low er Thompson 0% Mid Fraser 14% Low er Thompson 2% Low er Fraser 28% Origin of juvenile chinook salmon in the Gulf Islands in 2008 November 2008 Gulf Islands n = 80 Vancouver Island (east) 50% Puget Sound 6% Northern Mainland 1% Vancouver Island (w est) 1% Mid Skeena 0% Mid Columbia 0% Mid Fraser 1% Cowichan River 15% Low er Fraser 11% Puget Sound 15% Mid Fraser 1% Mid-Upper Fraser 1% Upper Fraser 1% South Thompson 5%

21 Chinook Summary SEP has been releasing 20 to 30 million chinook smolts into the Strait of Georgia for the past years Georgia Strait survival rates declining May be linked to Georgia Strait carrying capacity or other ocean condition issues. Science community and stakeholder interest in experimenting with chinook smolt release strategies and numbers to test carrying capacity and improve survival rates in the Strait of Georgia.

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