SShark and Ray Commercial

Transcription

1 SShark and Ray Commercial Fisheries in Portugal ( ) João Correia

2 Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo e Conservação de Elasmobrânquios

3 SShark and ray reproduction Oviparous (1 / 3)

4 SShark and ray reproduction Viviparous (3 / 3)

5 SShark and ray reproduction Ovoviviparous (2 / 3)

6 RReproductive strategy (and other things) result in: Low fecundity Large, precocious young Slow growth Late maturity Long life Highly susceptible to over-fishing!

7 SSo, there are sharks in Portugal?? Are you for real?!

8 SSharks and rays in Portugal 47 species of sharks 29 species of rays 3 species of chimaeras

9 SSharks and rays in Portugal Publications Antunes (1970), Correia et al. (1995), Viriato et al. (1996), Correia e Figueiredo (1997), Silva et al. (1998), Correia (1999), Correia (2001), Areitio et al. (2001), Sundström et al. (2001), Coelho & Erzini (2002), Young et al. (2002), Coelho et al. (2003), Gordon et al. (2003), Veríssimo et al. (2003), Correia & Smith (2004), Machado et al. (2004), Queiroz et al. (2005), Maia et al. (2006), Neiva et al. (2006) and Maia et al. (2007). Reports, thesis Achenbach (1971), Marques (1978), Cunha (1987), Correia (1994), Machado (1996), Correia (1997), Oliveira (1998), Traguelho (1998), Frade (1999), Coelho (2000), Santos (2001), Veríssimo (2001), Rosa (2002), Branco (2003), Moura (2003), Maia (2004), Queiroz (2004), Severino (2004) and Neiva (2004). Others Silva (1983, 1987, 1988), Melo et al. (1987), Melo & Silva (1990), Figueiredo & Correia (1996), Figueiredo et al. (1996a), Silva & Pereira (1998), Machado & Figueiredo (2000), Erzini et al. (2002) and Machado et al. (2003).

10 SSharks and rays in Portugal Fishing gear trawling Fishing gear surface longline Fishing gear bottom longline Fishing gear purse seine

11 Methods Direcção Geral das Pescas e Aquicultura (Fisheries Board) get much data! Correia Lab. - analyse much data: - Year, month, port, species, weight, price - Sum Species, Year and Port - Correlate Weight and Price vs. Time - Investigate evolution of Price

12 Methods the raw data Docapesca Sesimbra

13 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) RResults Total landed : ton price ,5 2,0 1, , landings 0,5 0 0,0

14 RResults Total landed : ton

15 USA coastline km Portugal coastline km Portugal vs. USA coastline 9% USA shark landings ton Portugal shark landings ton Portugal vs. USA landings 23%

16 Total landed (Kg) RResults Raja sp Species Scyliorhinus sp. Centroscymnus coelolepis Centrophorus squamosus Centrophorus granulosus Prionace glauca Dalatias licha Mustelus sp. Isurus oxyrinchus Pleurotremata Torpedo sp. Oxynotus centrina Galeorhinus sp. Carcharhinus sp. Galeus melastomus Deania calcea Alopias vulpinus Myliobatis aquila Squatina sp. Sphyrna sp. Squalus acanthias

17 SSpecies Dr. José Castro (N.M.F.S.)

18 Total landed (Kg) RResults Fishing Ports Sesimbra Peniche Viana do Castelo Nazaré Matosinhos Figueira da Foz Ponta Delgada (doca) Olhão Lisboa Sagres Sines Aveiro Setúbal Póvoa do Varzim Portimão Cascais Rabo de Peixe Vila Real St. António Quarteira Ericeira Câmara de Lobos Tavira Trafaria Lagos Horta (Santa C ruz) V. Nova de Milfontes Praia da Vitória Vigo Costa da Caparica Madalena do Pico São Mateus Vila do Conde Azenha do Mar Funchal Fuzeta Esposende

19 RResults Distribution Species vs. Port

20 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) SSkates all Raja Raja sp. 3, : + 0,10 / year 2, , , , Kg: - 18 ton / year (non-sig.) 0,5 0 0,0

21 SSkates all Raja

22 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) SSkates all Raja , , , /Kg est: inflation 1,5 1, /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Raja sp.) 0,5 0,0

23 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) PPortuguese dogfish Carocho Centroscymnus coelolepis : + 0,04 / year Near Threatened 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, , , Kg: + 5,6 ton / year (non sig.) 0,4 0,2 0 0,0

24 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) PPortuguese dogfish - Carocho ,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0, /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Centroscymnus coelolepis) 0,4 0,2 0,0

25 PPortuguese dogfish - Carocho (Viana do Castelo, May 2003)

26 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Centrophorus squamosus : + 0,08 / year Vulnerable LLeafscale gulper shark Lixa 2,5 2, , , Kg: + 4,3 ton / year 0,5 0,0

27 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) LLeafscale gulper shark - Lixa ,5 2,0 1, , /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Centrophorus squamosus) 0,5 0 0,0

28 LLeafscale gulper shark Lixa (R/V Noruega, July 1997)

29 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Vulnerable Gulper shark - Barroso Centrophorus granulosus : + 0,11 / year 3,5 3, , , Kg: - 55,9 ton / year 1,5 1, ,5 0 0,0

30 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Gulper shark - Barroso , , , , , /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Centrophorus granulosus) 1,0 0,5 0,0

31 GGulper shark - Barroso (Sesimbra, March 2004)

32 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Near Threatened Blue shark - Tintureira Prionace glauca : + 0,04 / year 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0, Kg: + 18,1 ton / year 0,4 0,2 0 0,0

33 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Blue shark - Tintureira /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Prionace glauca) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0

34 Blue shark Tintureira (Nazaré, June 2003)

35 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Least Concern SSmouthounds - Cações Mustelus spp. 6,0 5, : + 0,11 / year 4,0 3, , Kg: - 10,3 ton / year 1,0 0,0

36 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) SSmouthounds - Cações , ,5 2, , /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Mustelus sp.) 1,0 0,5 0,0

37 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Data deficient Kitefin shark - Gata Dalatias licha : + 0,01 / year 0,9 (non sig.) 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0, , Kg: - 12,3 ton / year (non sig.) 0,1 0 0,0

38 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Kitefin shark - Gata /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Dalatias licha) 1,6 1,4 1, , , , , ,2 0 0,0

39 KKitefin shark - Gata (Sesimbra, January 2004)

40 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Not listed TTorpedo rays - Tremelgas Torpedo spp. 2,5 2, : + 0,08 / year 1,5 1, Kg: - 4,6 ton / year 0,5 0 0,0

41 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) TTorpedo rays - Tremelgas /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Torpedo sp.) 2,5 2, ,5 1, ,5 0 0,0

42 Total landed (Kg) Average Price ( / Kg) Critically Endangered Angel sharks Tubarões-anjo Squatina spp. : + 0,07 / year 2,5 2, , , Kg: - 2,2 ton / year 0,5 0 0,0

43 Total landed (Kg) Average price ( / Kg) Angel sharks Tubarões-anjo /Kg / Year obs /Kg / Year est (base: 1986 a 2006) /Kg / Year est (base: 1986) Kg obs (Squatina sp.) 2,5 2, , , ,5 0 0,0

44 BBlackmouth catshark Leitão (R/V Noruega September 1996)

45 SSixgill shark Tubarão-albafar (Sesimbra 1997)

46 SShortfin mako Anequim (Peniche, August 2003)

47 SSmooth hammerhead and Bigeye thresher Martelo & Raposo (Olhão, September 2006)

48 SSummary Category I Kg / Kg Category II Kg / Kg Category III non sig.

49 CConclusion Some species show clear signs of over-fishing Shark Action Plan priority! Biological sampling - continue Catch and Effort analysis declare CPUE (diplomacy)

50 Acknowledgements