CFCs and Stratospheric Ozone. F. Sherwood Rowland Tokyo, Japan October 5, 2007
|
|
- Augusta Watkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CFCs and Stratospheric Ozone F. Sherwood Rowland Tokyo, Japan October 5, 2007
2 Dobson Götz Chapman International Ozone Conference, Oxford, U.K., 1936
3 USSR Australia Switzerland Peru Seasonal & Latitudinal Variations of Atmospheric Ozone (Dobson, 1968)
4 Lecture notes, F. S. Rowland, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Feb. 1972
5 1973
6
7
8
9
10 Mario J. Molina & F. S. Rowland Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California Chlorofluoromethanes are being added to the environment in steadily increasing amounts. These compounds are chemically inert and may remain in the atmosphere for years, and concentrations can be expected to reach 10 to 30 times present levels. Photodissociation of the chlorofluoromethanes in the stratosphere produces significant amounts of chlorine atoms, and leads to the destruction of atmospheric ozone. Nature, June 28, 1974
11 The ozone problem O 3 absorbs the sun s UVC rays and most of the UVB rays Depletion of O 3 means more UVB reaching the ground More UVB means more skin cancer
12 ALTITUDE 50 CHLORINE ATOM PRODUCTION RATE CM -3 SEC ATMOSPHERES KM 30 B,C A LIFETIMES A 41 YEARS B 42 YEARS C 52 YEARS TROPOPAUSE A B C 1.0 CCl 3 F PPTV Calculated vertical profile for CCl 3 F, 30 N Rowland & Molina, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 1975
13 NOAA, 1975
14
15 NAS Reports September 1976
16 September 13, 1976
17
18
19 TheTTT Ozone Hole: A hallenge for the The scientific Antarctic Ozone community Hole Observations made by Chubachi at the Observations Japanese made Antarctic by station Chubachi in Syowa at and the Japanese by Farman station and Syowa co-workers and at by the Farman British and coworkers Antarctic station the at British Halley Bay Antarctic showed a dramatic decrease of 50% or more in the station springtime of Halley (October) Bay show ozone a dramatic column. decrease in the ozone column during the 1970 s and 1970 s that is not simulated by atmospheric models. Chubachi Halley Station J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, J. D. Shanklin
20 British Antarctic Survey Base, Halley Bay, Antarctica, 75.5 S
21 Farman et al., 1985
22 White spaces = no data
23
24
25 HCl + ClONO 2 Cl 2 + HNO 3 H. SATO & F. S. ROWLAND 05/15/84 17:43:09 05/15/84 17:43:10 Add HCl 05/15/84 17:43:11 05/15/84 17:43:12 HNO 3 ClONO 2
26 0 CONNELL AND WUEBBLES,1984 (a) (b) (c) (a) 4.2% O 3 % (a) STANDARD CASE (b) H 2 O (c) HCl (b) 24.0% (c) 31.7% DATE FUTURE YEARS FROM (1983) H 2 O + ClONO 2 HOCl + HNO 3 HCl + ClONO 2 Cl 2 + HNO 3
27 50 Antarctic ClO (dezafra & P. Solomon 1987) 40 Altitude (Km) Mixing Ratio (ppb) O + O 3 2O 2 { 2O 3 3O 2 { Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2 ClO + O Cl + O 2 2[Cl + O 3 ClO + O 2 ] 2ClO ClOOCl ClOOCl + hν Cl + ClO 2 2Cl + O 2
28
29
30 Mid-winter, 28 July DU 29 September 1999 Total Ozone 90 DU -- Temperature PSCs
31
32
33 PERCENT DIFFERENCE % TOTAL OZONE CHANGE WINTER (DJFM) ( ) MINUS ( ) NORTH LATITUDE
34 % OZONE CHANGES VERSUS LATITUDE ( ) MINUS (1969 & EARLIER)
35
36
37 The 2006 Science Assessment Worldwide effort involving >300 scientists as Cochairs, Lead Authors, Coauthors, Contributors, and Reviewers - MOST OF YOU ARE/WERE INVOLVED Now delivered to the Parties in response to their request (Terms of Reference, 15th MOP, Decision XV/53, November 2003) Fully reviewed three times by the international scientific community Is the 6th in the series of the SAP s assessments for the Parties QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture
38 Global Ozone Observations? 2010 There are early signs that the ozone layer is starting its expected recovery. A clear statement on recovery would require having a clear decrease in ozone AND Attribution of changes to all contributors Coupling and non-linearity
39 Ozone Hole October 8, 2005 Punta Arenas 156 D.U. Ushuaia 161 D.U. Halley Bay 113 D.U. Total Ozone (Dobson Units)
40
41 100 USHUAIA, ARGENTINA (55 S) AUSTRAL SPRING TOMS OZONE TOMS OZONE OCT. 20 OCT. 21 OCT. 23 NOV UV WAVELENGTH, NANOMETERS Surface UV-B intensities on 4 different days BIOSPHERIC INSTRUMENTS, INC.
42
43 280 CFC-11 (ppt) Concentration of CCl 3 F (CFC-11) vs. time. Units parts per Northern Hemisphere (blue), Global (green), Southern Hemisphere (red). Dutton et al., NOAA/CMDL
44 530 CFC-12 (ppt) Concentration of CCl 2 F 2 (CFC-12) vs. time. Units parts per Northern Hemisphere (blue), Global (green), Southern Hemisphere (red). Dutton et al., NOAA/CMDL
45
46 Keeling and Whorf, 2005 Mauna Loa, Hawaii (Red)
47
48 IPCC Watts per square meter cooling warming
49
50 Dead Spruce, Kenai peninsula 4,000,000 acres (16,000 sq.km.) 16 killed by Spruce Bark Beetle; Failure to winter kill with higher overnight temperatures NATIONALGEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER 2004
51
52 Regulations and fiscal policies can make a difference 14,000 Total Electricity Use, per capita, kwh 12,000 U.S. 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 California 8,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 0 KWh
Results for the stratosphere
Results for the stratosphere Bruno Carli Day 6 Lecture 2 Results for the stratosphere - Bruno Carli 1 Table of Contents MIPAS objectives Multidimensional coverage of MIPAS measurements New observations
More informationHigh Water Vapor and Associated Signatures from MLS in the Monsoon Lower Stratosphere: Implications for Posited Ozone Destruction
Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Ins5tute of Technology High Water Vapor and Associated Signatures from MLS in the Monsoon Lower Stratosphere: Implications for Posited Ozone Destruction Michael J.
More informationAssimilation of EOS Aura ozone data at the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office
Assimilation of EOS Aura ozone data at the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Kris Wargan, I. Stajner, L.-P. Chang, H. Hayashi, S. Pawson, L. Froidevaux, N. Livesey, and P. K. Bhartia Topics Assimilating
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10556 1 Supplementary Discussion Temperature/Vortex Diagnostics The fields shown in Supplementary Figures 1 and 2 provide details of the patterns of temperature and vortex evolution underlying
More informationShort-period gravity waves over a high-latitude observation site: Rothera, Antarctica
Short-period gravity waves over a high-latitude observation site: Rothera, Antarctica K. Nielsen, D. Broutman, M. Taylor, D. Siskind, S. Eckermann, K. Hoppel, R. Hibbins, M. Jarvis, N. Mitchell, J. Russell
More informationENVIRONMENT POLICIES EVOLUTION Part 2
ENVIRONMENT POLICIES EVOLUTION Part 2 Washington, DC CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim
More informationStudying cold pole problem in WACCM and comparisons to lidar temperature morphology
Studying cold pole problem in WACCM and comparisons to lidar temperature morphology Bo Tan 1, Han-Li Liu 2, Xinzhao Chu 1,3 1. Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado 2. HAO/NCAR 3. CIRES, University
More informationAtmosphere Glencoe. Name
Atmosphere 2005 Glencoe Name Note-taking Worksheet Atmosphere Section 1 Earth s Atmosphere A. thin layer of air that protects the Earth s surface from extreme temperatures and harmful Sun rays B. Atmospheric
More informationCalifornia Current Forage Fishes (Ranked by Biomass of the Group)
California Current Forage Fishes (Ranked by iomass of the Group) Meso- and bathypelagic fishes - Many short-lived species (lanternfishes, deepsea smelts) Coastal pelagic and migratory fishes -7 mod-lived
More informationGlobal observations of stratospheric gravity. comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model
Global observations of stratospheric gravity waves made with COSMIC GPS RO and comparisons with an atmospheric general circulation model S. P. Alexander 1, T. Tsuda 2, Y. Kawatani 3, M. Takahashi 4, K.
More information10.2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
10.2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Learning Outcomes Understand the different layers of the atmosphere Understand how energy moves in, out, and around our atmosphere er Composi
More informationGlobal Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation
ICGPSRO, May 14-16, 2013, Taiwan Session 3A; U3-2B-208-05 14:10-14:25, May 14 Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Noersomadi National Institute of Aeronautics
More informationStudy of ozone variability at equatorial latitude during severe geomagnetic storm
Bull. Astr. Soc. India (2007) 35, 569 574 Study of ozone variability at equatorial latitude during severe geomagnetic storm Manohar Lal Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism,
More informationCLaMS simulations of transport of young air masses to the top of the Asian monsoon anticyclone and beyond
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft CLaMS simulations of transport of young air masses to the top of the Asian monsoon anticyclone and beyond Bärbel Vogel, Rolf Müller, Gebhard Günther, Reinhold Spang,
More informationChapter 7 Weather and Climate
Chapter 7 Weather and Climate *Describe what weather is, what affects it, and where it occurs. *Explain the connection between air pressure and wind. * *Many factors affect a region s weather. * *atmosphere
More informationARCTIC CLIMATE: SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
ARCTIC CLIMATE: SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS 1. Introduction 2. Atmospheric circulation 3. Temperature and optical effects 4. Winds 5. Precipitation 6. Ozone depletion Summary of Arctic and Antarctic climatic
More information3 Global Winds and Local Winds
CHAPTER 1 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?
More informationComposition, Chemistry and Transport in the UT/LS during the Asian Monsoon: Results from the IAGOS-CARIBIC Observatory
Composition, Chemistry and Transport in the UT/LS during the Asian Monsoon: Results from the IAGOS-CARIBIC Observatory Angela K. Baker & the CARIBIC team Monsoon Workshop 08 March 2016 The IAGOS-CARIBIC
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Earth s atmosphere is a key factor in allowing life to survive here.
Chapter 10.2 Earth s Atmosphere Earth s atmosphere is a key factor in allowing life to survive here. This narrow band of air has the right ingredients and maintains the correct temperature, to allow life
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Gases. Other Gases. Solids in the Atmosphere
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Atmospheric Gases Earth s Atmosphere extends from earth s surface to outer space. It is made up of a mixture of gases with some solids and liquids. Other Gases Water Vapor in the
More informationKelvin waves as observed by Radiosondes and GPS measurements and their effects on the tropopause structure: Long-term variations
Kelvin waves as observed by Radiosondes and GPS measurements and their effects on the tropopause structure: Long-term variations M. Venkat Ratnam and T. Tsuda Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere
More informationNeal Butchart Steven Hardiman and Adam Scaife Met Office Hadley Centre March 2011, Honolulu, USA
The response of parameterised gravity wave momentum fluxes in global models to secular changes in climate and ozone and the effects on the general circulation Neal Butchart Steven Hardiman and Adam Scaife
More informationNOTE ->->-> DUE THURSDAY APRIL 20 TH 2006 THAT IS CORRECT I FORGOT THIS IS EASTER WEEKEND SO I HAVE EXTENDED THE DUE DATE TO THE ABOVE
GEO 130 NAME OCEANOGRAPHY TEST 3 TAKE HOME TEST SPRING 2006 NOTE ->->-> DUE THURSDAY APRIL 20 TH 2006 THAT IS CORRECT I FORGOT THIS IS EASTER WEEKEND SO I HAVE EXTENDED THE DUE DATE TO THE ABOVE This test
More informationGEOG112 - Assignment 2. Site A Site B Site C Temp ( C) Altitude (km) Temp ( C)
GEOG112 - Assignment 2 Name Spring 2019 18 pts possible Site A Site B Site C Temp ( C) Altitude (km) Temp ( C) Altitude (km) Temp ( C) Altitude (km) 24 0 30 0 15 0 10 1 18 1 4 1 14 2 14 2-3 2 9 3 8 3-7
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 6 Worksheet 2 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) A steep pressure gradient: a. produces light winds. b. produces strong winds. c. is only possible in
More informationACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al.
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Long-range transport pathways of tropospheric source gases originating in Asia into the northern lower stratosphere during the Asian monsoon season 2012 Bärbel Vogel,
More informationEl Niño Lecture Notes
El Niño Lecture Notes There is a huge link between the atmosphere & ocean. The oceans influence the atmosphere to affect climate, but the atmosphere also influences the ocean, which can also affect climate.
More informationThe Polar Summer Tropopause Inversion Layer
2572 J O U R N A L O F T H E A T M O S P H E R I C S C I E N C E S VOLUME 67 The Polar Summer Tropopause Inversion Layer WILLIAM J. RANDEL AND FEI WU National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder,
More informationTHE ATMOSPHERE. WEATHER and CLIMATE. The Atmosphere 10/12/2018 R E M I N D E R S. PART II: People and their. weather. climate?
R E M I N D E R S Two required essays are due by Oct. 30, 2018. (A third may be used for extra credit in place of a Think Geographically essay.) ESSAY TOPICS (choose any two): Contributions of a noted
More informationFTIR. Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Primary Site 47 N, 11 E, 2964 m a.s.l.
FTIR Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Primary Site 47 N, 11 E, 294 m a.s.l. Zugspitze: NDACC operational since 1995 1 meas. days during last months O 3, ClONO 2, HCl,
More informationAtmospheric Gases. Earth s Atmosphere extends from earth s surface to outer space. It is made up of a mixture of gases with some solids and liquids.
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Objectives: Identify the gases in Earthś atmosphere Describe the structures of Earthś atmosphere. Explain what causes air pressure. Atmospheric Gases Earth s Atmosphere extends
More informationObjective: Pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. Blanket (Layer) of gases surrounding a planet
1 Objective: You will understand upon completion that: The atmosphere is composed of layers that vary in properties The atmosphere has a specific composition based on a mixture of gases The atmosphere's
More informationI. Atmosphere. Maintains a balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount of heat that escapes back into space.
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Objectives: Identify the gases in Earthś atmosphere Describe the structures of Earthś atmosphere. Explain what causes air pressure. I. Atmosphere Maintains a balance between the
More informationWater vapour : stratospheric variability - II
Water vapour : stratospheric variability - II Karen H. Rosenlof NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division Boulder, CO 80305 Cargèse International School Water Vapour in the Climate
More informationCHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction
CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction What causes Earth s seasons? Tilt (23.5 ) responsible for seasons 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Solar Energy Distribution of Solar Energy Atmosphere absorbs
More informationRecent Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Changes Affecting Winter Weather in North America. Dr. Art Douglas Professor Emeritus Creighton University
Recent Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Changes Affecting Winter Weather in North America Dr. Art Douglas Professor Emeritus Creighton University Outline 1. The 2018 El Nino: A Northern Hemisphere induced
More informationSTUDENT PACKET # 10. Vocabulary: condensation, convection, convection current, land breeze, sea breeze
STUDENT PACKET # 10 Name: Date: Student Exploration: Coastal Winds and Clouds Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
More informationUnderstanding Population Pyramids
Understanding Population Pyramids Population Pyramids ttp://ecp3113-01.fa01.fsu.edu/lively_introduction/fig7.gif What will the pyramid look like in 2025? 2050? Age Dependency Ratio 80+ yrs. 75-79 yrs.
More informationLecture 5.1 Surface Ocean Circulation. Image from Daily Mail Newspaper, UK
Lecture 5.1 Surface Ocean Circulation Image from Daily Mail Newspaper, UK Announcements Midterm is Thursday, consists of 25 multiple choice, 3 pages short answer questions No Scantron needed Calculators,
More informationWeather Unit Study Guide
Weather Unit Study Guide - 2018 Weather vs Climate What does weather measure? The condition of the earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. How are climate and weather different? Climate is the
More informationOzone and water vapour in the austral polar stratospheric vortex and sub-vortex
Annales Geophysicae (2004) 22: 4035 4041 SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2004-22-4035 European Geosciences Union 2004 Annales Geophysicae Ozone and water vapour in the austral polar stratospheric vortex and sub-vortex
More informationREMINDERS: UPCOMING REVIEW SESSIONS: - Thursday, Feb 27, 6:30-8:00pm in HSS 1330
REMINDERS: Midterm 2: Friday, February 28 - lecture material covering chapters 6, 7, and 15 (since first midterm and through Wed lecture) - same Format as first midterm UPCOMING REVIEW SESSIONS: - Thursday,
More informationSIO20 - Midterm Examination 2 v1 Winter Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each)
NAME: Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each) 1. Rainbows result from: a. refraction and reflection of sunlight by water droplets b. reflection of sunlight by oceans
More information170 points. 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description.
Ch 15 Earth s Oceans SECTION 15.1 An Overview of Oceans 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description. (5 points) 1. German research
More information- terminology. Further Reading: Chapter 07 of the text book. Outline. - characteristics of ENSO. -impacts
(1 of 14) Further Reading: Chapter 07 of the text book Outline - terminology - characteristics of ENSO -impacts (2 of 14) Today: Introduction We want to look at another source of variability in the atmosphere
More informationREMINDERS: Problem Set 2: Due Monday (Feb 3)
REMINDERS: Problem Set 2: Due Monday (Feb 3) Midterm 1: Next Wednesday, Feb 5 - Lecture material covering chapters 1-5 - Multiple Choice, Short Answers, Definitions - Practice midterm will be on course
More informationWorld of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 13, page 1] Chapter 13 Gases
World of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 3, page ] Chapter 3 Gases ) Sec 3.8 Kinetic Theory of Gases and the Nature of Gases The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that the tiny particles in all forms
More informationOceans and the Global Environment: Lec 2 taking physics and chemistry outdoors. the flowing, waving ocean
Oceans and the Global Environment: Lec 2 taking physics and chemistry outdoors the flowing, waving ocean Peter Rhines 1 Eric Lindahl 2 Bob Koon 2, Julie Wright 3 www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/has221a-08
More informationModeled trend and future projection of surface ozone in East Asia
1 November 16, 2011 Tripartite Workshop on Scientific Research of Photochemical Oxidant Modeled trend and future projection of surface ozone in East Asia Toshimasa Ohara National Institute for Environmental
More informationChapter 1 The Atmosphere
Chapter 1 The Atmosphere Section 1 - Guiding Questions How is the atmosphere important to living things? What gases are present in Earth s atmosphere? Section 1 - The Air Around You Importance of the Atmosphere
More informationForeign overnights in the Nordic countries 2015
Foreign overnights in the Nordic countries 2015 Sources: Statistics Statistics Statistics Statistics July 2016 VISIT FINLAND STATISTICS Contents Foreign overnights in the Nordic countries.4 Overnights
More informationLecture 24. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 1
Lecture 24 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 1 The most dominant phenomenon in the interannual variation of the tropical oceanatmosphere system is the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the
More informationGlobal studies of stratospheric gravity wave. Simon Alexander 1, Toshitaka Tsuda 2, Andrew Klekociuk 1, Yoshio Kawatani 3, and Masaaki Takahasi 4
Global studies of stratospheric gravity wave activity using COSMIC GPS-RO Simon Alexander 1, Toshitaka Tsuda 2, Andrew Klekociuk 1, Yoshio Kawatani 3, and Masaaki Takahasi 4 1 Australian Antarctic Division,
More informationUTLS Asian monsoon anticyclone
UTLS Asian monsoon anticyclone Dynamics and transport in the monsoon anticyclone Chemical variability linked to the monsoon Instability and eddy shedding; PV diagnostics Transport to stratosphere Eruption
More informationDifferences in trends and anomalies of upper-air observations from GPS RO, AMSU, and radiosondes
Differences in trends and anomalies of upper-air observations from GPS RO, AMSU, and radiosondes Florian Ladstädter Hallgeir Wilhelmsen Barbara Angerer Andrea K. Steiner Wegener Center and IGAM/Institute
More informationStrengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming in the MERRA-2 analysis
Strengthening of the tropopause inversion layer during the 009 sudden stratospheric warming in the MERRA- analysis K. Wargan and L. Coy Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Outline We use the MERRA-
More informationProduction and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol UNEP. Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005
Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances under the Montreal Protocol 1986 2004 UNEP Ozone Secretariat UNEP November 2005 Published: November 2005 by Secretariat for The Vienna Convention
More informationInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF)
MIPAS observations of the Asian monsoon anticyclone: Focus on water vapor, tracers, and pollutants Gabriele Stiller, Norbert Glatthor, Michael Höpfner, Stefan Lossow, Andreas Wiegele, and Thomas von Clarmann
More informationWIND SPEED LENGTH OF TIME WIND BLOWS (Duration) DISTANCE OVER WHICH IT BLOWS (Fetch)
WAVES Up and down movement of ocean surface Transportation of energy across the water over vast distances If not stopped by anything, waves can travel entire oceans Size and speed depend upon: WIND SPEED
More informationOcean Currents Lecture Notes
Ocean Currents Lecture Notes (Topic 9A) page 1 Ocean Currents Lecture Notes Surface Currents Ocean Currents (What is an ocean current? How is a current different from a wave?) The water in an travels from
More informationGlobal Winds AOSC 200 Tim Canty
Global Winds AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Global Wind Patterns Deserts Jet Stream Monsoons Ocean transport Ocean cycles Lecture 16 Oct 24
More informationPrevailing Winds. The Coriolis Effect
Prevailing Winds 1. Wind: a movement of air in the atmosphere. Bill Nye wind (2 minutes) 2. Local or regional wind: occur in fairly small areas. 3. Prevailing winds: Major wind pattern that affect large
More informationSeawater. Earth is an Ocean Planet
Seawater Earth is an Ocean Planet Topics Origin of the Ocean and Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle Biogeochemical Cycle Seawater Salinity Variations in Seawater Chemistry Carbonic Acid System Topics Origin of
More informationAtmospheric & Ocean Circulation-
Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- Overview: Atmosphere & Climate Atmospheric layers Heating at different latitudes Atmospheric convection cells (Hadley, Ferrel, Polar) Coriolis Force Generation of winds
More informationSection 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 1 Global Wind Patterns and Weather What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Determine the effects of Earth s rotation and the uneven
More informationGreenhouse Effect Activity
Greenhouse Effect Activity Objectives: The student will: 1. Read and use weather instruments. 2. Collect and record temperature readings. 3. Describe the concept of the greenhouse effect. Materials: Fish
More informationA Comparison of the UK Offshore Wind Resource from the Marine Data Exchange. P. Argyle, S. J. Watson CREST, Loughborough University, UK
A Comparison of the UK Offshore Wind Resource from the Marine Data Exchange P. Argyle, S. J. Watson CREST, Loughborough University, UK Introduction Offshore wind measurements are scarce and expensive,
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 7 Worksheet 2 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) Which of the following factors contributes to the general subsidence in the latitude zone 20 degrees
More informationAtmospheric Circulation (Ch. 8) Ocean & Atmosphere are intertwined Gases & waters freely exchanged Wind Weather Climate
Atmospheric Circulation (Ch. 8) Ocean & Atmosphere are intertwined Gases & waters freely exchanged Wind Weather Climate Atmospheric Structure Consists of Layers Separated by Temperature Stratosphere: Temperature
More information2.1 MEASURING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
12 CAPTER 2. ATMOSPERIC PRESSURE 2.1 MEASURING ATMOSPERIC PRESSURE The atmospheric pressure is the weiht exerted by the overhead atmosphere on a unit area of surface. It can be measured with a mercury
More informationOCN-201 Chemistry and Physics section
Name: Class: _ Date: _ OCN-201 Chemistry and Physics section True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Because of the dissolved salt in seawater its freezing point is lower than that
More informationOCEAN2012 Fish Dependence Day - UK
OCEAN2012 Fish Dependence Day - UK Europeans are now so dependent on fish products originating from external waters that half the fish they consume are sourced outside the EU Fish dependence: The EU s
More informationPhysical Geography. Physical Geography III of the United States and Canada. Formation of Great Lakes. Climates of North America. Definitions 2/21/2013
Physical Geography III of the United States and Canada Ancient Glacial Lakes As the Ice Age ended, areas of North America beyond the terminal moraine were flooded with melt water Prof Anthony Grande AFG
More informationWarm-up. color mass. albedo. mirage
Warm-up Page: 523, 1. The amount of solar energy reflected or absorbed depends on the, texture, composition, volume,, transparency and other properties. color mass Page: 523, 2. The fraction of solar radiation
More informationTropical temperature variance and wave-mean flow interactions derived from GPS radio occultation data
Tropical temperature variance and wave-mean flow interactions derived from GPS radio occultation data Bill Randel 1, Mijeong Park 1, Peter Hitchcock 1 and Joowan Kim 2 1 NCAR, Boulder, CO USA 2 Kongju
More informationUpdate of the COST726 Total Ozone Data Base up to December 31, 2008
Update of the COST726 Total Ozone Data Base up to December 31, 2008 Janusz W. Krzyścin Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences COST 726 Final Seminar; 13-14.05.2009, Warsaw, Poland TOTAL OZONE
More informationUnit 2 World Climate Patterns
Unit 2 World Climate Patterns Weather the day to day or short term conditions of the atmosphere. Weather includes variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloud cover, wind, and air pressure.
More informationThe Monsoon and Its Variability Prof. Sulochana Gadgil Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
The Monsoon and Its Variability Prof. Sulochana Gadgil Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Lecture - 04 Background about the Atmosphere and Rotating Systems
More informationFundamental Pool Water Chemistry Chapter 5 8 6/27/2011 Disinfection: (book definition on page 49)
CHAPTER 5: THE CHEMISTRY OF CHLORINATION WATER CHEMISTRY: DISINFECTION CHAPTER 6: TYPE OF CHLORINE CHAPTER 7: PROTECTING CHLORINE FROM SUNLIGHT CHAPTER 8: CHLORINE GENERATORS, BROMINE, AND OZONE 2011 1
More informationTracking of Large-Scale Wave Motions
Tracking of Large-Scale Wave Motions Nikki Barbee, Adam Cale, Justin Wittrock Dr. William Gutowski Meteorology 44 Fall 29 This semester we have observed large scale wave patterns in both the Northern and
More informationSurface Wind Speed Distributions: Implications for Climate and Wind Power
Surface Wind Speed Distributions: Implications for Climate and Wind Power Scott B. Capps and Charles S. Zender Department of Earth System Science University of California, Irvine Thanks: W. Liu (JPL),
More informationW3 Global Circulation Systems
W3 Global Circulation Systems Which regions of Earth receive the most energy from the Sun? If not for global circulation systems There would only be two narrow regions that would support life What
More informationChemistry Chapter 12. Characteristics of Gases. Characteristics of Gases 1/31/2012. Gases and Liquids
Importance of Gases Chemistry Chapter 12 Gases and Liquids Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN 3. 2 NaN 3 ---> 2 Na + 3 N 2 THREE STATES
More informationAirborne measurements of gravity wave breaking at the tropopause
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 30, NO. 20, 2070, doi:10.1029/2003gl018207, 2003 Airborne measurements of gravity wave breaking at the tropopause James A. Whiteway, 1,6 Edward G. Pavelin, 2 Reinhold
More informationGlossary Published on LEARNZ (
buoyant/bouyancy Able to float or rise to the surface of a liquid. calibrate to check the accuracy of something compared to a known standard (you can calibrate a water thermometer by putting it in boiling
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore ALTITU DE For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,
More informationExercise: Satellite Imagery Analysis. 29 June 2016 Japan Meteorological Agency
Exercise: Satellite Imagery Analysis 29 June 2016 Japan Meteorological Agency Contents 1. Fog/Stratiform Cloud 2. Cb (Cumulonimbus)/Cg (Cumulus congestus) 3. Upper-level Flow Jet stream, upper trough,
More informationOceans - Laboratory 12
Oceans - Laboratory 12 (Name) How do ocean waves form? All waves are disturbances of a fluid medium through which energy is moved (Davis, 1997). Ocean waves travel on the interface between oceans and the
More informationSection 6. The Surface Circulation of the Ocean. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 6 The Surface Circulation of the Ocean What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Understand the general paths of surface ocean currents.
More information8. The Asian Tiger Mosquito
10. Kudzu Vine Also known as the "mile-a-minute vine" and "the vine that ate the South," the Kudzu vine is native to Japan, but was first brought to the United States in 1876 when it was featured at the
More informationAtmospheric & Ocean Circulation- I
Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- I First: need to understand basic Earth s Energy Balance 1) Incoming radiation 2) Albedo (reflectivity) 3) Blackbody Radiation Atm/ Ocean movement ultimately derives from
More informationIn Search of the Source of Wind.
In Search of the Source of Wind Role of Wind in the Voyage Atmospheric Pressure The Weight of Atmospheric Air on Earth Gravitational force helps Air to remain on Earth Variations in the Atmospheric Pressure
More informationEARTH, PLANETARY, & SPACE SCIENCES 15 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY. LABORATORY SESSION #6 Fall Ocean Circulation
EARTH, PLANETARY, & SPACE SCIENCES 15 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY LABORATORY SESSION #6 Fall 2017 Ocean Circulation The focus of the Lab this week is circulation of the ocean and atmosphere. Here, you
More informationOur Air- Why We Should Care!
Our Air- Why We Should Care! We live on earth, but we live in its atmosphere- a mixture of gases we call air. Just as water surrounds aquatic life, air surrounds us. People seldom think about the sea of
More informationTrade winds Prevailing westerlies east
Warm-up Page: 528, 1. What is the major wind belt that is nearest the equator? Trade winds Page: 528, 2. What is the major wind belt that the most of the USA belongs to: Prevailing westerlies Page: 528,
More informationIntroduction to Oceanography OCE 1001
Introduction to Oceanography OCE 1001 Lecture Notes Chantale Bégin & Jessica Fry Version 2.1 10. Ocean Circulation (Trujillo, Chapter 7) Major ocean currents are stable and predictable; they have been
More informationFigure 1 Location of the ANDRILL SMS 2006 mooring site labeled ADCP1 above.
ANDRILL McMurdo Sound Tidal Current Analysis Richard Limeburner, Robert Beardsley and Sean Whelan Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543 rlimeburner@whoi.edu
More informationDuring today's webinar we're going to look at the following topics:
Alternative Carrier Gas for GC and GC-MS Presentation Transcript Hello and welcome to the Peak scientific webinar which today will concern alternative carrier gas for GC and GC-MS. My name is Ed Connor,
More informationWind Regimes 1. 1 Wind Regimes
Wind Regimes 1 1 Wind Regimes The proper design of a wind turbine for a site requires an accurate characterization of the wind at the site where it will operate. This requires an understanding of the sources
More informationThe International Coach Federation (ICF) Global Consumer Awareness Study
www.pwc.com The International Coach Federation (ICF) Global Consumer Awareness Study Key Results and Main Messages Fort Worth, Texas Presentation Structure 2 Research Overview 3 Research objectives To
More information