Drought: What is the Status?

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1 Drought: What is the Status? Nolan J. Doesken Colorado Climate Center Colorado State University Presented at 2005 Peak to Prairie Landscape Symposium, February 11, 2005, Colorado Springs, Colorado Prepared by Odie Bliss

2 Our climate is great sort of

3 Solar Energy Drives Our Climate Avondale, June 28 July 3, 2004 CoAgMet station, yearly cycle, any station Avondale, June 28 July 3, 2004

4 Colorado Springs Average Temperatures 90 Colorado Springs Average Temperatures ( ) Temperature (degrees F) Tmax Tmin Tmean Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

5 Comparison of Average Temperatures 100 Colorado Springs, Denver, Pueblo, Canon City and Salida Average Max and Min Temperatures ( averages) CO Springs Denver Pueblo Canon City Buena Vista Temperature (F) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

6 Pike s Peak vs. Colorado Springs Pike's Peak ( averages) vs. Colorado Springs ( averages) Max and Min Temperature Differences Temperature (F) Colorado Springs Pike's Peak -5 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

7 Summer Temperature Perspective

8 Summer Temperature Perspective

9 Winter Temperature Perspective

10 Winter Temperature Perspective

11 2004 Daily Temperatures for Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Daily Temperatures for Tmax Tmin 80 Temperature (degrees F) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

12 Mean Monthly Pan Evaporation Average Monthly Pan Evaporation 14 Pueblo Cherry Creek Reservoir Lake George Note: Cherry Creek Reservoir values are estimated from reservoir losses from November through March 12 Evaporation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

13 Colorado Springs and Pueblo Average Wind Speed Colorado Springs and Pueblo Average Monthly Wind Speed (mph) 14 Colorado Springs Pueblo Average Monthly Wind Speed (mph) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

14 Precipitation The most variable of all!

15 Precipitation: Annual Climatology ( ) Copyright 2004, Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University - Map created Feb

16 Colorado Average Precipitation

17 Colorado Springs Monthly Average Precipitation ( ) Colorado Springs Average Precipitation ( ) Precipitation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

18 Average Monthly Precipitation Compared to Mountain Locations Average Monthly Precip of Colorado Springs Compared to Mountain Locations 6 Colorado Springs Wolf Creek Pass Aspen Vail Steamboat 5 Precipitation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

19 Average Monthly Precipitation Compared to Other Front Range Cities Average Monthly Precip of Colorado Springs Compared to Front Range Locations 4.0 Colorado Springs Trinidad Pueblo Denver Longmont 3.5 Precipitation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

20 Average Monthly Precipitation Compared to Eastern Plains Locations Average Monthly Precip of Colorado Springs Compared to Eastern Plains Locations Colorado Springs Sterling Limon Burlington Lamar Rocky Ford Precipitation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

21 Comparing averages is instructive, but, are we ever average?

22 Colorado Springs Daily Precipitation Accumulation for 1999, 2002, and 2004 Colorado Springs Accumulated Daily Precipitation Normal 25.0 Precipitation (inches) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

23 A Few Storms Contribute The Majority of Our Annual Precipitation The difference between a very dry and very wet year is often just a few storms. March 2003 Snowstorm in Fort Collins

24 What Does History Show Us?

25 Statewide Mean Annual Temperature History Colorado Average Temperatures 50.0 Ave Annual Ave Temp Temperature (degree F) 40.0 Year

26 Colorado Springs Average Temperature History Colorado Springs Mean Yearly Temperature Temperature (F) Year

27 Colorado Springs Summer and Winter Average Temperatures Summer and Winter Average Temperatures Summer (Jun-Aug) Winter (Dec-Feb) Year Temperature (F)

28 Statewide Annual Precipitation History 25 Colorado Total Yearly Precipitation Year Precipitation (inches)

29 Colorado Springs Precipitation History Colorado Springs Water Year Precipitation through Colorado College Airport WATER YEAR Precipitation (inches)

30 Colorado Springs Growing Season (May Sep) Precipitation History Colorado Springs Growing Season (May-Sep) Colorado College Airport Year Precipitation Totals (inches)

31 2003 Porphyry Creek April 1 Snowpack History Porphyry Creek Snow Course April 1 Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) Year SWE (inches)

32 Arkansas River at Canon City Streamflow History Arkansas River at Canon City Streamflow Values through Arkansas River 7-year running mean Average Year Streamflow (Cubic Ft per Second)

33 Month SPI Fraction of Colorado in Drought Based on 3 month SPI ( ) Year Fraction (in percent)

34 Month SPI Fraction of Colorado in Drought Based on 48 month SPI ( ) Year Fraction (in percent)

35 OK then So what is the current status of Drought??

36 1999 Water Year Precipitation

37 September 1999 Drought Monitor Map

38 2000 Water Year Precipitation

39 October 2000 Drought Monitor Map

40 2001 Water Year Precipitation

41 October 2001 Drought Monitor Map

42 2002 Water Year Precipitation

43 October 2002 Drought Monitor Map

44 2002 Daily Streamflow Colorado River near Dotsero, CO 2002 Discharge Mean Discharge Discharge (1000 CFS) OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

45 2003 Water Year Precipitation

46 September 2003 Drought Monitor Map

47 2003 Daily Streamflow

48 Where Do We Stand Now?

49 2004 Water Year Precipitation

50 Growing Season (May-Sep) 2004 Precipitation as Percent of Average

51 US Drought Monitor, Oct 1, 2004

52 2004 Daily Streamflow

53 WY2004 Temperature Departures Water Year Departure from average, degree F Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Eastern Plains Foothills Mountains Western Valleys

54 Arkansas Basin Snowpack

55 Reservoir Levels Colorado Statewide Reservoir Levels on October 1st for Years Percent of Average Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct

56 Colorado Springs 2005 Water Year Precipitation 30 Colorado Springs 2005 Water Year (Oct '04 - Jan '05) 30 Year Averages Max Year Min Year Water Year Accumulated Period of Record Average Water Year Accumulated Accumulated Precipitation (Inches) OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

57 What Comes Next? Do We Really Know?

58 Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) Last update: 8 February

59 El Nino Forecast

60 Temperature Feb-Apr 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

61 Precipitation Feb-Apr 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

62 Temperature Mar-May 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

63 Precipitation Mar-May 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

64 Temperature Jun-Aug 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

65 Precipitation Jun-Aug 2005 From the Colorado Prediction Center

66 For Colorado Springs, Average Precipitation = ~ 17 inches (WY2004 = inches) Average Evaporation = ~ > 24 inches therefore, Drought is NEVER really over.

67 While we may not be able to predict it, at least we should know what we get!

68 CoAgMet Weather Data for Agriculture Automated weather stations with daily and hourly readings of: Temperature Humidity Wind Precipitation Solar energy Evapotranspiration

69 Colorado Climate Magazine Good bedtime reading about the climate of Colorado -- recent and historic $15/year subscription pays printing and mailing costs

70 Colorado Climate Center Colorado State University Data and Power Point Presentations available for downloading click on Drought then click on Presentations

71 El Paso County s RainCheck Program

72

73 CoCoRaHS Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network Over 1,000 volunteers participate in rain, hail and snow measurements. More accurate maps, verifies forecasting, radar research, crop damage, drought/flooding, educational purposes.

74 CoCo RaHS Volunteers of all ages helping scientists study storms. The exploration begins in your back yard!

75 What Does It Take To Be A Volunteer? Scientific curiosity. An interest in weather and an appreciation for water. Enough unobstructed space to install a rain gauge. Two minutes a day for a good cause.

76 CoCo RaHS Simple Tools to Study Rain Rain Gauge Example Station

77 CoCo RaHS Simple Tools To Study Hail Hail Pad Damaged Hail Pad

78 Fort Collins Daily Rainfall Examples

79 Colorado Hailstorm July 10, 2002, Parker, CO One of the culprits. Damaged Hailpad.

80 How many volunteers do we need? Our goal is at least one per square mile over urbanized areas. As many as we can find in rural areas.

81 For more information visit the CoCoRaHS Web site Support for this project provided by Informal Science Education Program, National Science Foundation and many local charter sponsors.

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