National and Sport-Group APR Averages and Trends

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Randolf Owen
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2 National and Sport-Group APR Averages and Trends May 2017

3 Average Four-Year APRs Includes through Academic Years Four-Year Average Overall 981 (+2) Baseball 973 (+3) Men s Basketball 966 (+2) Football 962 (+3) Women s Basketball 980 (+2) Notes: 1. APR displayed for all squads submitting usable data for (N=5,991. Overall number of squads is lower than in previous years due to new APR policy combining indoor and outdoor track & field cohorts). 2. Numbers in parentheses are point changes from 4-year APRs reported in April See subsequent section on single-year APRs for best description of APR changes/trends.

4 Distribution of Multi-Year APRs (All Squads) APR Range (Raw) 4-Year Aggregation after Year Aggregation after Year Aggregation after Year Aggregation after Year Aggregation after Year Aggregation after (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) (0.0%) 2 (0.0%) 1 (0.0%) 1 (0.0%) 5 (0.1%) 6 (0.1%) (0.0%) 5 (0.1%) 2 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 3 (0.1%) 1 (0.0%) (0.1%) 4 (0.1%) 3 (0.0%) 6 (0.1%) 5 (0.1%) 3 (0.1%) (0.2%) 23 (0.4%) 14 (0.2%) 13 (0.2%) 9 (0.2%) 7 (0.1%) (0.7%) 35 (0.5%) 28 (0.4%) 19 (0.3%) 16 (0.3%) 13 (0.2%) (2.9%) 164 (2.5%) 122 (1.9%) 79 (1.2%) 43 (0.7%) 39 (0.7%) (11.2%) 621 (9.6%) 584 (9.1%) 529 (8.1%) 376 (6.3%) 318 (5.3%) ,806 (28.2%) 1,757 (27.3%) 1,691 (26.2%) 1,677 (25.8%) 1,424 (23.9%) 1,267 (21.1%) ,879 (44.9%) 3,008 (46.7%) 3,116 (48.3%) 3,207 (49.3%) 3,111 (52.3%) 3,215 (53.7%) (11.8%) 827 (12.8%) 889 (13.8%) 980 (15.1%) 952 (16.0%) 1,122 (18.7%) Total Squads 6,413 6,446 6,450 6,511 5,946 5,991 Notes: Unadjusted APRs displayed in table. Squads with 4-year squad sizes below 30 are judged for penalties based on a squadsize adjusted APR. The overall number of squads decreased in due to a change in APR policy that combined indoor and outdoor track & field cohorts.

5 Average APRs by Sport for Men s Teams (Four-Year APR for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT # Teams Four-Year APR Average Gymnastics Volleyball Skiing Ice Hockey Rifle (co-ed) Golf Water Polo Tennis Swimming Cross Country Lacrosse Soccer Wrestling Baseball Fencing Track & Field Football (FBS) Basketball Football (FCS)

6 Average Eligibility Rates by Sport for Men s Teams (Four-Year Eligibility Rate for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT Four-Year Eligibility Rate Average Skiing 992 Ice Hockey 990 Gymnastics 987 Golf 985 Tennis 984 Lacrosse 983 Rifle (co-ed) 983 Volleyball 982 Soccer 982 Baseball 980 Water Polo 977 Cross Country 976 Swimming 976 Wrestling 973 Basketball 971 Football (FBS) 964 Fencing 964 Track & Field 962 Football (FCS) 949

7 Average Retention Rates by Sport for Men s Teams (Four-Year Retention Rate for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT Four-Year Retention Rate Average Gymnastics 991 Volleyball 985 Rifle (co-ed) 982 Water Polo 980 Ice Hockey 979 Golf 978 Swimming 978 Cross Country 977 Skiing 977 Fencing 977 Tennis 974 Track & Field 973 Lacrosse 971 Wrestling 968 Soccer 966 Football (FBS) 959 Baseball 958 Football (FCS) 955 Basketball 949

8 Average APRs by Sport for Women s Teams (Four-Year APR for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT # Teams Four-Year APR Average Gymnastics Skiing Beach Volleyball Ice Hockey Swimming Golf Lacrosse Water Polo Field Hockey Rowing Tennis Cross Country Volleyball Soccer Softball Track & Field Basketball Fencing Bowling

9 Average Eligibility Rates by Sport for Women s Teams (Four-Year Eligibility Rate for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT Four-Year Eligibility Rate Average Skiing 996 Ice Hockey 995 Beach Volleyball 994 Field Hockey 994 Gymnastics 994 Lacrosse 993 Swimming 992 Golf 992 Tennis 992 Water Polo 990 Rowing 989 Soccer 989 Volleyball 989 Cross Country 986 Softball 986 Basketball 985 Track & Field 978 Fencing 977 Bowling 971

10 Average Retention Rates by Sport for Women s Teams (Four-Year Retention Rate for thru Sorted Highest to Lowest) SPORT Four-Year Retention Rate Average Gymnastics 992 Beach Volleyball 991 Swimming 987 Ice Hockey 986 Lacrosse 986 Golf 986 Cross Country 985 Skiing 985 Rowing 985 Water Polo 985 Fencing 983 Tennis 982 Field Hockey 981 Track & Field 981 Volleyball 981 Soccer 980 Softball 977 Bowling 971 Basketball 971

11 Aggregate Trends in Single-Year APR, Eligibility and Retention

12 13-Year Trends in APR, Eligibility and Retention APR APR Eligibility Retention Year Notes: 1. Based on 5,233 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I and provided usable data during all 13 years of the APR program. APR calculated as a function of eligibility, retention and delayed graduation points. 2. APR retention calculation changed in year 5 of the program to grant point adjustments for certain transfer students. Change did not affect eligibility rate calculation.

13 Sport Trends in Single- Year APR, Eligibility and Retention

14 APR Trends in Baseball, Basketball and Football APR Men's Basketball Football Baseball Women's Basketball Year Notes: 1. Analyses based on 271 baseball squads, 324 men s basketball squads, 229 football squads, and 322 women s basketball squads that sponsored the sport within Division I and provided usable data during all 13 years. 2. APR retention calculation changed beginning in to grant point adjustments for certain transfer students (timing of calculation change = Year 5 on graph). Change did not affect eligibility rate calculation.

15 Eligibility Trends in Baseball, Basketball and Football Eligibility Men's Basketball Football Baseball Women's Basketball Year Notes: 1. Analyses based on 271 baseball squads, 324 men s basketball squads, 229 football squads, and 322 women s basketball squads that sponsored the sport within Division I and provided usable data during all 13 years. 2. APR retention calculation changed beginning in to grant point adjustments for certain transfer students (timing of calculation change = Year 5 on graph). Change did not affect eligibility rate calculation.

16 Retention Trends in Baseball, Basketball and Football Retention Men's Basketball Football Baseball Women's Basketball Year Notes: 1. Analyses based on 271 baseball squads, 324 men s basketball squads, 229 football squads, and 322 women s basketball squads that sponsored the sport within Division I and provided usable data during all 13 years. 2. APR retention calculation changed beginning in to grant point adjustments for certain transfer students (timing of calculation change = Year 5 on graph). Change did not affect eligibility rate calculation.

17 Average APRs by Sport for Men s Teams (Single-Year APRs in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Baseball Basketball Cross Country Football Golf Ice Hockey Lacrosse Soccer Swimming Tennis Track & Field Wrestling Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

18 Average Eligibility Rates by Sport for Men s Teams (Single-Year Eligibility Rates in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Baseball Basketball Cross Country Football Golf Ice Hockey Lacrosse Soccer Swimming Tennis Track & Field Wrestling Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

19 Average Retention Rates by Sport for Men s Teams (Single-Year Retention Rates in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Baseball Basketball Cross Country Football Golf Ice Hockey Lacrosse Soccer Swimming Tennis Track & Field Wrestling Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

20 Average APR by Sport for Women s Teams (Single-Year APRs in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Basketball Cross Country Field Hockey Golf Gymnastics Lacrosse Rowing Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Track & Field Volleyball Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

21 Average Eligibility Rate by Sport for Women s Teams (Single-Year Eligibility Rates in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Basketball Cross Country Field Hockey Golf Gymnastics Lacrosse Rowing Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Track & Field Volleyball Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

22 Average Retention Rate by Sport for Women s Teams (Single-Year Retention Rates in Sports with 50 or More Teams) SPORT Basketball Cross Country Field Hockey Golf Gymnastics Lacrosse Rowing Soccer Softball Swimming Tennis Track & Field Volleyball Notes: Analyses based on N=5,706 squads that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years.

23 APR Subgroup Trends in Single-Year APR

24 Trends Among Squads at Limited Resource Institutions Squads from Limited Resource Schools APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < % 30% 22% 22% 18% 14% 11% Squads from Other Schools APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < 930 8% 7% 6% 5% 3% 4% 3% Note: Analyses based on 5,706 squads (722 at limited resource schools vs. 4,984 at other schools) that were part of Division I during each of the past seven years and submitted usable data. % squads < 930 refers to single-year APR in that academic year. Limited resource defined as school being in bottom 15% of Division I on resource composite.

25 Trends Among Squads at HBCUs Squads from HBCUs APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < % 45% 33% 33% 30% 23% 18% Squads from Other Schools APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < 930 9% 8% 6% 5% 4% 4% 4% Note: Analyses based on 5,706 squads (323 at HBCUs vs. 5,383 at other schools) that were part of Division I during each of the past seven years and submitted usable data. % squads < 930 refers to single-year APR in that academic year.

26 Football Trends Split by Subdivision FBS APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < % 15% 13% 6% 3% 2% 5% FCS APR Eligibility Retention % Squads < % 27% 22% 19% 11% 10% 10% Note: Analyses based on 241 football squads (124 in FBS vs. 117 in FCS) that sponsored the sport within Division I during each of the past seven years and submitted usable data. % squads < 930 refers to single-year APR in that academic year.

27 APR 0-for-2s

28 Current 0-for-2 Rates by Sport ( Cohort) Men s Sport Pct. 0-for-2 Women s Sport Pct. 0-for-2 Football (FCS) 3.5% Football (FBS) 2.8% Basketball 2.6% Track & Field 2.3% Wrestling 2.0% Baseball 2.0% Swimming 1.9% Golf 1.8% Ice Hockey 1.7% Lacrosse 1.7% Soccer 1.5% Cross Country 1.4% Tennis 1.0% Basketball 1.4% Track & Field 1.3% Rowing 1.0% Softball 1.0% Volleyball 0.9% Golf 0.7% Field Hockey 0.7% Soccer 0.6% Cross Country 0.6% Tennis 0.4% Lacrosse 0.4% Gymnastics 0.2% Swimming 0.2% Notes: Analyses based on N=5,991 squads. Sports with over 50 Division I teams displayed. 0-for-2 defined as student-athletes separating from a school while academically ineligible. 0-for-2 rates in when APR program started: Baseball, 5.6%; MBB, 7.8%; MFB, 6.9%.

29 APR Delayed Graduation Points

30 Total Number of Delayed Graduation Points In the past thirteen years, more than 15,000 student-athletes have earned APR points for their former team by returning to college after their eligibility expired and completing their degree. Among high-profile sports, delayed graduation points total: Men s Baseball: 1,902 Men s Basketball: 1,241 Men s Football: 4,524 Women s Basketball: 563 In other words, 8,230 former student-athletes in these four high-profile sports returned to college and graduated, earning their former team APR points. Note that these studentathletes are not typically counted as graduates in the calculation of the federal graduation rate or the GSR.

31 Distribution of Total Number of Delayed Graduation Points Earned (All Squads) Baseball Men s Basketball Women s Basketball Football Note: Not constant N-- Includes all squads that submitted usable APR data in Figures from through will increase in future years as delayed graduation points continue to accumulate in these cohorts.

32 Outcomes for Squads Below the 930 APR Benchmark

33 Summary of Number of Teams Below APR Penalty / Access to Postseason Benchmark Penalty overview: 35 of the 61 teams below 930 retain access to postseason and are exempt from APR penalties. This is mostly due to relief provided to limited-resource institutions during the transition to the 930 benchmark. 26* of the 61 teams will receive a level one or two penalty. A total of 17* teams lost access to postseason competition (all of which also received a penalty). The majority of squads below 930 are from schools defined as: Limited-resource (90%) HBCU (89%) FCS (92%) While the number of squads below 930 is down again this year, those that remain below the benchmark are concentrated among limited-resource institutions, a majority of which are HBCUs, FCS or both. *Note: These numbers may change due to pending waiver requests.

34 Penalty and Postseason Access Outcomes for Squads with Multi-Year APRs Below 930 (Accounting for squad-size adjustment) Total Squads Below 930 No Penalty or Loss of Access to Postseason Competition Penalty but No Loss of Access to Postseason Competition Penalty and Loss of Access to Postseason Competition Loss of Access to Postseason Competition but No Penalty (57%) 9 (15%) 17 (28%) 0 (0%) Note: Total number of teams = 5,920 with three or more years of APR data.

35 Penalty and Postseason Access Outcomes for Squads with Multi-Year APRs Below 930 (Accounting for squad-size adjustment) Benchmark Number (Percent of Total) Teams Below APR Benchmark Number (Percent of All) Limited-Resource Teams Below APR Benchmark Number (Percent of All) HBCU Teams Below APR Benchmark (1%) 55 (9%) 54 (16%) Note: Total number of teams = 5,920 with three or more years of APR data (646 LRI teams, and 329 HBCU).

36 Change in Percentage of Squads Below 930 APR Benchmark by Institution Type 30% 27% 25% 20% 15% 18% 19% 18% 16% 10% 9% 9% 9% 5% 0% 3% 1% 1% 1% All LRI HBCU Note: Total number of teams = 5,920 with three or more years of APR data (646 LRI teams, and 329 HBCU).

37 Characteristics of Squads with Loss of Access to Postseason Competition

38 Divisional Characteristics of Postseason Access for Squads With Multiyear APRs Below 930 Category FBS FCS No Football Multidivisional Total APR < 930 and Loss of Access to Postseason 0 (0%) 16 (94%) 1 (6%) 0 (0%) 17 APR < 930 with Access to Postseason 1 (2%) 40 (91%) 3 (7%) 0 (0%) 44 Total 1 (2%) 56 (92%) 4 (7%) 0 (0%) 61 Note: Within postseason access category percentages shown. Total number of squads = 5,920. [2,284 in FBS (39%); 2,088 in FCS (35%); 1,464 in Div. I No FB (25%); 84 multi-divisional (1%)].

39 Institutional Characteristics of Squads Below 930 Related to Postseason Access Category Total Limited-Resource APR < 930 and Loss of Access to Postseason (82%) APR < 930 with Access to Postseason (93%) Total (90%) Note: Within postseason access category percentages shown. Total number of teams = 5,920. [646 teams from limited-resource institutions (11% of total)].

40 Number of Squads Below 930 by Sport and Postseason Access Outcomes Team Eligibility Men s Baseball Men s Basketball Men s Football Other Men s Sports Women s Sports APR < 930 and Loss of Access to Postseason 2 (12%) 4 (24%) 1 (5%) 8 (47%) 2 (12%) APR < 930 with Access to Postseason 5 (11%) 7 (16%) 6 (14%) 4 (9%) 22 (50%) Total 7 (11%) 11 (18%) 7 (11%) 12 (20%) 24 (39%)

41 Characteristics of Squads Receiving APR Penalties

42 Divisional Characteristics of Postseason Access for Squads With Multiyear APRs Below 930 Category FBS FCS No Football Level One Penalty Level Two Penalty Level Three Penalty No Penalty Total 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 15 (94%) 10 (100%) 1 (6%) 0 (0%) Multidivisional 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Total (3%) 1 (2%) 31 (89%) 56 (92%) 3 (9%) 4 (7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Note: Within postseason access category percentages shown. Total number of squads = 5,920. [2,284 in FBS (39%); 2,088 in FCS (35%); 1,464 in Div. I No FB (25%); 84 multi-divisional (1%)].

43 Institutional Characteristics of Squads Below 930 Related to Penalty Outcomes Category Total Limited-Resource Level One Penalty 16 Level Two Penalty 10 Level Three Penalty 0 No Penalty 35 Total (88%) 9 (90%) 0 (0%) 32 (91%) 55 (90%) Note: Within postseason access category percentages shown. Total number of teams = 5,920. [646 teams from limited-resource institutions (11% of total)].

44 Number of Squads Below 930 by Sport and Penalty Outcomes Team Eligibility Men s Baseball Men s Basketball Men s Football Other Men s Sports Women s Sports Level One Penalty 1 (6%) 4 (25%) 1 (6%) 3 (19%) 7 (44%) Level Two Penalty 2 (20%) 1 (10%) 1 (10%) 5 (50%) 1 (10%) Level Three Penalty No Penalty 4 (11%) 6 (17%) 5 (14%) 4 (11%) 16 (46%) Total Note: Within-penalty category percentages shown. Total number of squads = 5,920.

45 Trends in Number of Squads With Loss of Access to Postseason Competition and/or Receiving APR Penalties

46 Trends in Number of Teams With Loss of Access to Postseason Competition Benchmark moved from 900 to Note: Small squad-size adjustment was removed for most teams in 2007.

47 Trends in Number of Teams Below APR Benchmark and Number Receiving APR (Historical) Penalties Benchmark moved from 900 to Not Penalized Penalized Note: Small squad-size adjustment was removed for most teams in 2007.

48 Trends in Number of Teams Below APR Benchmark, Receiving APR (Historical) Penalties, and with Loss of Access to Postseason Competition Benchmark moved to Below Cut Penalized Lost Access to Postseason Note: Small squad-size adjustment was removed for most teams in 2007.

49 Technical Notes

50 Technical Notes National aggregates include those schools whose data was deemed usable by the date of publication. Data displayed by primary conference affiliation (even if sport not sponsored by the conference) except for football (displayed by football conference affiliation). APRs, eligibility rates and retention rates were calculated as averages of squads rather than point tabulations (thus, each squad contributes equally and quarter school vs. semester school issues are avoided). Conference affiliation defined by AY membership. Overall number of squads is lower than in previous years due to new APR policy that combines indoor and outdoor track & field cohorts.

National and Sport-Group APR Averages, Trends and Penalties

National and Sport-Group APR Averages, Trends and Penalties May 2011 Average Four- APRs Includes 2006-07 through 2009-10 Academic s Four- Average Overall 970 (+3) Baseball 959 (+5) Men s Basketball 945