Lecture 19 Anaerobic Digestion A world overview
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1 Lecture 19 Anaerobic Digestion A world overview David Bolzonella Jyvaskyla Summer School
2 When considering the potential for AD application we should think about (at lest) two scenarios. Areas/Regions with concentrated feedstocks: - A well established system for wastewater and waste management - Intensive agriculture and livestock husbandry Areas/Regions with diluted feedstocks: - A sanitation system to develop - Extensive agriculture / zootechny Jyvaskyla Summer School
3 AD for different feedstock (and different objectives) Jyvaskyla Summer School
4 Widely used for sludge stabilisation in WWTPs Jyvaskyla Summer School
5 Widely used for sludge stabilisation in WWTPs Jyvaskyla Summer School
6 Jyvaskyla Summer School
7 AD of industrial or municipal food waste from separate collection Jyvaskyla Summer School
8 AD of cattle manure Jyvaskyla Summer School
9 Maize Sorghum AD of energy crops. Triticale Jyvaskyla Summer School
10 AD of agro-waste from food crops processing Sweet corn Beans Peas Tomato peel Jyvaskyla Summer School
11 AD outputs and benefits Jyvaskyla Summer School
12 1 - Biological stabilisation (reduction of the putrescible fraction) and pathogens reduction Jyvaskyla Summer School
13 1 - Stabilisation and pathogens reduction Jyvaskyla Summer School
14 1 - Stabilisation and pathogens reduction COD and VS removal in AD of waste activated sludge. The worst scenario! Jyvaskyla Summer School
15 1 - Stabilisation and pathogens reduction Waste activated sludge AD treatment, OLR 2,5 kgvs/m3 per day and HRT 20 days Temperature WAS 37 C 55 C Total coliforms CFU/g 6.75E E E+04 E.coli CFU/g 1.00E E E+02 Salmonella spp. presence 33% Absent* Absent* * Absent in 25 g of sample (WW) E.coli < 1000 CFU only in thermophilic conditions Jyvaskyla Summer School
16 2 - Nutrients recovery Jyvaskyla Summer School
17 2 Nutrients recycle and recovery Credits: M. Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School
18 2 Nutrients recycle and recovery Nutrients chain Credits: M. Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School
19 Liquid digestate (rich in N and K, partially in P) Jyvaskyla Summer School
20 Solid fertiliser (rich in C and organic N & P) Jyvaskyla Summer School
21 Nitrogen recovery (as ammonia sulfate, nitrate, phosphate.) Stripping column Jyvaskyla Summer School
22 Membrane filtration Nutrients (N,P,K) recovery in reverse osmosis centrate Jyvaskyla Summer School
23 Evaporation unit Nutrients recovery and concentration in a semi-solid phase and ammonia sulfate, or all in a «semi-solid form» Jyvaskyla Summer School
24 Please, note that this is all «ideal». In fact, the reuse of digestate or nutrients recovered from digestate is often stopped by local regulations (see PASS 110, End of Waste criteria.) Jyvaskyla Summer School
25 3 - Energy recovery Jyvaskyla Summer School
26 3 Energy recovery AD for renewable electric energy production. But, unless you don t have a really interesting tariff, this is not (and can t be) the driver.. Just a side-stream effect. Jyvaskyla Summer School
27 3 Energy recovery 1 m 3 biogas is equivalent to 6 kwh 80 kwee 999 kwee Electric energy yield 25-45%, heat yield 35-55%, loss some 15% Jyvaskyla Summer School
28 3 Energy recovery Up-grade to biomethane (flexible energy vector) in large AD plants Jyvaskyla Summer School
29 Biomethane and direct grid injection (mixed with natural gas) Jyvaskyla Summer School
30 Biomethane and vehicles (the automotive sector) Jyvaskyla Summer School
31 Jyvaskyla Summer School
32
33 . fast changing. Jyvaskyla Summer School
34 Areas/Regions with a «extensive» availability of feedstock Jyvaskyla Summer School
35 Credits: M. Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School
36 At least methane loss is (partially) prevented! Jyvaskyla Summer School
37 First driver sanitation! Excellent COD removal with low sludge production Good performances in warm conditions UASB reactor for wastewater treatment Jyvaskyla Summer School
38 Taubate, San Paulo State, Brazil Jyvaskyla Summer School
39 credits: Jyvaskyla Summer School
40 credits: Jyvaskyla Summer School
41 credits: Jyvaskyla Summer School
42 Credits: M. Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School
43 Credits: M. Chesshire Jyvaskyla Summer School
44 Village scale Jyvaskyla Summer School
45 Village scale Jyvaskyla Summer School
46 When the biogas production is sufficiently high, also upgrading can be considered. Jyvaskyla Summer School
47 Jyvaskyla Summer School
48 Anaerobic digestion (and biogas) is always a powerful tool! Jyvaskyla Summer School
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