CAREER DURATION IN THE NHL: PUSHING AND PULLING ON EUROPEANS?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CAREER DURATION IN THE NHL: PUSHING AND PULLING ON EUROPEANS?"

Transcription

1 UNC CHARLOTTE ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES CAREER DURATION IN THE NHL: PUSHING AND PULLING ON EUROPEANS? Crag A. Depken II Johnny Duckng Peter A. Groothus Workng Paper No THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE BELK COLLEGE OF BUSINESS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS 9201 Unversty Cty Blvd Charlotte NC August 2016 UNC Charlotte economcs workng papers represent research work-n-progress and are crculated for dscusson and comment purposes. They have not been peer revewed and the expressed vews solely represent those of the authors. All rghts reserved to the authors. Unless otherwse ndcated below short sectons of the text not to exceed two paragraphs may be quoted wthout explct permsson provded that full credt s gven to the source.

2 ABSTRACT Usng a panel of Natonal Hockey League players from 2000 through 2013 we analyze the determnants of career length n the league. In our analyss we nclude both performance varables and natonalty of orgn to determne ther mportance n determnng career length. We fnd that European-born players have shorter careers than North Amercan-born players holdng performance constant and Russan-born players have even shorter careers than other Europeans. We further fnd that Russan-born players have even shorter careers than other players after the 2005 lockout. These shorter careers are consstent wth ext dscrmnaton aganst European and Russan players pushng them out of the league and voluntary ext by European and Russan players due to opportuntes n ther home countres pullng them out of the league. Ironcally voluntary ext by European and Russan players provdes teams wth a fnancal ncentve to dscrmnate aganst European players.

3 Career Duraton n the NHL: Pushng and Pullng on Europeans? Crag A. Depken II Professor Department of Economcs Unversty of North Carolna Charlotte Charlotte NC Johnny Duckng Assstant Professor Department of Economcs North Carolna A&T State Unversty Greensboro NC Peter A. Groothus Professor Department of Economcs Appalachan State Unversty Boone NC 1

4 Career Duraton n the NHL: Pushng and Pullng on Europeans? Abstract Usng a panel of Natonal Hockey League players from 2000 through 2013 we analyze the determnants of career length n the league. In our analyss we nclude both performance varables and natonalty of orgn to determne ther mportance n determnng career length. We fnd that European-born players have shorter careers than North Amercan-born players holdng performance constant and Russan-born players have even shorter careers than other Europeans. We further fnd that Russan-born players have even shorter careers than other players after the 2005 lockout. These shorter careers are consstent wth ext dscrmnaton aganst European and Russan players pushng them out of the league and voluntary ext by European and Russan players due to opportuntes n ther home countres pullng them out of the league. Ironcally voluntary ext by European and Russan players provdes teams wth a fnancal ncentve to dscrmnate aganst European players. JEL Classfcatons: Z22 L83 Keywords: Ext dscrmnaton competng leagues professonal sports return mgraton 2

5 In fact the other sde of the water s the one thng the Wngs can t offer. Ths s about geography upbrngng and prde. Datsyuk sad he wants to play a last season n Russa whle hs sklls are stll mostly ntact and not be broken down performng a vctory lap that sn t warranted. Mtch Albom Detrot Free Press Introducton The mprovement n human captal and the reducton n transportaton costs coupled wth ncreasng returns to qualty has caused many labor markets to become nternatonal. For nstance n the Unted States n the health care professon 27% of surgeons are foregn born whle n the educaton professon 40% of engneerng professors are foregn born. Aslanbegu and Montecnos (1998) estmated that n the 1990s approxmately 30% of US economcs professors were foregn born. The nternatonalzaton of labor markets has led to many questons such as are foregn workers more productve because of self-selecton on the part of mmgrants (Borjas and Bratsberg 1996) or less productve due to language and cultural dfferences than natve born workers (Dustmann and Soest 2002)? Do foregn born workers experence negatve dscrmnaton (Aslund 2014)? Do foregn workers return to ther natve country after some amount of tme or money earned (Galor and Stark 1990 and Dustmann 1997)? Because sport s most clearly a mertocracy whch drves sports teams to fnd the most talented players all sports leagues have nternatonal labor markets. For nstance n 2014 twenty percent of the players n the Natonal Basketball Assocaton were foregn born whle twenty-fve percent of Major League Baseball were foregn born and n the Natonal Hockey League ffty-one percent of the players were born n Canada twenty-four percent born n the Unted States and twenty-fve percent born n Europe. 1 1 From the perod players also haled from Indonesa (1) Japan (2) Kazakhstan (7) Ngera (1) and Tanzana (1). These players are not ncluded n the emprcal analyss below. 3

6 Sports leagues provde a fertle ground for research on mmgraton due to the ncreasng degree of nternatonalzaton of sports leagues. For nstance Kahane Longley and Smmons (2013) fnd that NHL teams who employ a hgher proporton of Europeans perform better f the Europeans are from the same country than teams wth fewer Europeans or Europeans from many dfferent countres. Ths productvty ncrease appears to arse because of the communcaton and cultural consstences that a crtcal mass of foregn players from the same country attans. Such mprovements to productvty would seem to extend a player s career on the margn. However prevous studes suggest that there s dscrmnaton aganst certan foregn players whch mght n turn reduce a player s career length. The purpose of ths paper s to nvestgate how natonalty nfluences career length n the Natonal Hockey League. In sports leagues career length mght be nfluenced by natonalty because of nsttutonal factors of the league. For nstance many European soccer leagues lmt the number of foregnborn players on a team. In the Kontnental Hockey League Russan teams are not allowed more than 5 foregn players. In these cases a player mght be pushed out of the league f ther productvty falls below that of the sxth foregn player avalable. Ths would correspond wth a reduced career length for foregn natonals. 2 A dfferent source of reduced career length mght be an ncrease n lucratve opportuntes n the natve country of a foregn worker or a suffcent amount of savngs on the part of a foregn worker so that the worker fnds t more attractve to return to ther natve country rather than reman n the host country. In the case of professonal sports athletes ths would lead to ther natve country pullng them back home. Ths too would correspond wth a reduced career length. 2 Although no U.S. league explctly lmts the number of foregn born players teams mght stll dscrmnate aganst foregn players due to fan player or management preferences. 4

7 Our emprcal results suggest that European-born and Russan-born players have shorter careers n the NHL all else equal. After the end of the lockout Russan-born players seem to have even shorter careers compared to other European and North Amercan-born players. Whle these results mght be consstent wth ext dscrmnaton the greatest effects correspond wth ncreasng opportuntes outsde of the NHL most notably the Kontnental Hockey League n Russa whch has many players pad at or near the mean of NHL players. Lterature Revew Ext dscrmnaton has a long hstory n sports economcs. Johnson and Marple (1973) poneered ths branch of dscrmnaton research when they found evdence from NBA data that margnal whte players had longer careers than margnal black players. Hoang and Rascher (1999) more formally developed a model to explore the concept of racally-based retenton barrers n the NBA. They too found evdence that performance beng equal; there was ext dscrmnaton n the NBA. Groothus and Hll (2004) faled to confrm Hoang and Rascher s results usng more recent data addng heght as an added explanatory varable and usng a duraton model that allows for both stock and flow samples. Jobu (1988) found evdence that race decreased career length ceters parbus for black players but not Hspancs n Major League Baseball from Agan Groothus and Hll (2008) faled to fnd ext dscrmnaton n MLB usng more recent data from and a model that better accounted for performance decay. Lastly Duckng Groothus and Hll (2013) fnd no ext dscrmnaton n the NFL. Dscrmnaton n the NHL aganst foregn born players In hockey most of the dscrmnaton lterature has focused on dscrmnaton aganst French Canadans. For nstance both Grener and Lavoe (1988) and Jones and Walsh (1988) fnd 5

8 sgnfcant pay dscrmnaton aganst French-Canadan defensemen usng data. In addton Lavoe (1989) fnds evdence of postonal stackng nvolvng mnorty (French- Canadan) hockey players. Mongeon and Longley (2015) fnd referees n hockey exhbt dscrmnaton wth French Canadan referees showng a bas by callng more penaltes aganst Englsh Canadan players than aganst French Canadan Players ceters parbus. Lastly Chrste and Lavoe (2015) fnd that there s entry dscrmnaton aganst European players and partcularly Russan players. They further suggest a bas aganst hrng players from the KHL. Overall we know of no studes that have examned career length of foregn born players n hockey. To analyze career duraton n the NHL we use a panel descrbng all North Amercan European and Russan nongoales who played for only one team n a gven year from 2000 to 2013 and non-parametrc and semparametrc duraton technques. Non-parametrc Analyss of Career Duraton n the NHL To help understand career duraton n the NHL we calculate yearly hazard functons as: (1) ht = dt / nt where dt s the number of players who end ther career n year t and nt s the number of players at rsk of endng ther career n year t. The hazard rate can be nterpreted as the proporton of players who exted the NHL gven they have survved up to some level of tenure. In Table 1 we report the hazard rate for non-russan European-born NHL players for Russan-born players and for North Amercan-players who were ether born n Canada or the Unted States. We also report the longest career for each group. In Fgure 1 we plot the hazard functons for each group of players based upon the tenure of the player. We fnd that compared to North Amercan-born players the hazard rate for non-russan 6

9 European-born players s hgher for the frst four years of tenure and the hazard rate for Russanborn players s hgher for the frst seven years of tenure. Not surprsngly we fnd that the North Amercan-born the Russan-born and the non-russan European-born hazard rates ncrease over tme. The ncrease suggests that the wear and tear from playng hockey as player s age ncreases the lkelhood of ext. Interpretng the dfferences n hazard rates as dscrmnaton however s potentally msleadng because there s no control for productvty dfferences across players. Fgure 2 depcts the hazard rates for the three sets of players over tme. As can be seen the Russan players have a notably hgher hazard rate after the end of the lockout. Sem-parametrc Analyss of Career Duraton n the NHL Methodology We estmate sem-parametrc hazard functons followng Berger and Black (1998) and Groothus and Hll (2004). Because the data are reported at the season level we calculate the hazard rate as a dscrete random varable. As wth Groothus and Hll (2004) we model the duratons of a sngle spell and assume a homogeneous envronment so that the length of a partcular spell s uncorrelated wth the calendar tme at whch the spell begns. Ths assumpton lets us treat all the players' tenure as the same regardless of when t occurred n the panel study. For nstance all fourth-year players are consdered to have the same baselne hazard regardless of calendar tme so a fourth-year player n 2000 has the same baselne hazard as a fourth-year player n To understand how stock data nfluence a lkelhood functon we follow the notaton of Groothus and Hll (2004). Suppose the probablty mass functon (pmf) of duratons s defned as f ( t x ) where t s the duraton of the career x s a vector of performance and personal characterstcs and s a vector of parameters. Denote F(tx) as the cumulatve dstrbuton 7

10 functon; the probablty that a career lasts at least t years s then 1 - F(tx). Defnng the hazard functon as h(tx) f(tx) / S(tx) and applyng the defnton of condtonal probabltes the pmf can be expressed as t 1 j0 (2) f ( t x ) [1 h( j x )] h( t x ). If we have a sample of n observatons {t1 t2... tn} the lkelhood functon of the sample s n n t 1 ( [1 h( j x )] h( t x ). 1 1 j1 (3) L ) f ( t x ) Often t s not possble to observe all careers untl they end hence careers are often rghtcensored. Let the set A be all observatons where careers are completed durng the sample perod and the set B be all observatons where careers are rght censored. For the set B all we know s that the actual length of the career s greater than t the observed length of the career up through the last year. Because we know that the actual length of the career s longer than we observe then the contrbuton of these observatons to the lkelhood functon s just the survvor functon t1 Stx ( ) [1 hx ( )]. 1 To ntroduce stock samplng let the set C be the careers that were n progress when data collecton began. For these observatons we know that the career for player has lasted for r years before the panel begns so the lkelhood must be adjusted by the condtonal probablty of the career havng length r. Of course some stock-sampled observatons may be rght-hand censored. Let the set D be all observatons that are both rght and left censored. An example of a career that s both rght and left censored would be a player who starts hs career pror to 2000 and ends hs career after Takng nto account all four sets: A B C and D the lkelhood functon becomes 8

11 9 (4) D t r j C t r j B t j A t j x j h x t h x j h x j h x t h x j h L )] ( [1 ) ( )] ( [1 )] ( [1 ) ( )] ( [1 ) ( In equaton (4) the contrbuton of censored stock-sampled observatons to the lkelhood functon s strctly from the last two terms; such observatons smply provde nformaton about the survvor functon between (rt). Thus we as Groothus and Hll (2004) have expressed the lkelhood functon as a functon of the hazard functons. All that remans s to specfy the form of a hazard functon and estmate by means of maxmum lkelhood estmaton. As the hazard functon s the condtonal probablty of extng the NHL gven that the NHL career lasted untl the prevous season the hazard functon must have a range from zero to one. In prncple any mappng wth a range from zero to one wll work. Cox (1972) recommends (5) ) exp( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( x e h h x t h x t h t x t t whch s smply the logt model wth ntercepts that dffer by tme perods. The term ht s a baselne hazard functon whch s common to all observatons. The x term determned by the player s personal and productvty characterstcs shfts the baselne hazard functon but t affects the baselne hazard functon n exactly the same way n each perod. Berger and Black (1998) consder other hazard functons and fnd that ther results are relatvely robust across varous specfcatons of the hazard functon. As the logt model s avalable n many software packages we follow Cox and use the logt model. The ntuton behnd equaton (5) when usng the logt model for the hazard functon s relatvely smple. For each year durng the survey n whch the player s n the NHL the player

12 ether comes back for another season or ends hs career. If the career ends the dependent varable takes on a value of one; otherwse the dependent varable s zero. The player remans n the panel untl the player exts the NHL or the panel ends. If the panel ends we say the worker s spell s rght censored. Thus a player who begns hs NHL career durng the panel and plays for 6 years wll enter the data set 6 tmes: the value of hs dependent varable wll be zero for the frst 5 years (tenure one through fve) and be equal to one for the sxth year. To llustrate a stock observaton consder another player who enters the panel wth 7 years of NHL job tenure pror to 2000 the frst year of the panel then plays for an addtonal 3 years for a 10-year career. For ths player we gnore hs frst 7 years of tenure because he s left censored. As the equaton of the lkelhood functon wth stock data ndcates the duraton of a NHL career pror to the begnnng of the panel makes no contrbuton to the value of the lkelhood functon. Therefore only years 8 through 10 wll enter the data set wth the dependent varable takng on the value zero for year 8 and 9 and n the 10 th year t takes on a value of one ths player appears n the data set a total of 3 tmes. Note for all players who are rght censored we do not know when ther career ends so ther dependent varables are always coded as zero. Because the players n the panel have varyng degrees of job tenure pror to the begnnng of the panel we dentfy the hazard functon for both long and short careers. The dsadvantage to ths approach s that the vector t of equaton (5) can be very large. In our study t would requre 25 dummy varables. We also run nto problems wth the Cox technque because we have too few players who have long careers. To smplfy the computaton of the lkelhood functon and to be able to keep the long careers we approxmate the t vector wth a 5 th order polynomal of player s tenure whch reduces the number of parameters to be estmated from 25 to 5. Thus the hazard functon becomes 10

13 (6) ht ( x ) x () t e exp( () t x) 1 ht ( x ) where (t) s a 5 th order polynomal n the worker s tenure. We choose the Taylor seres approxmaton technque over usng tenure dummes due to the small number of observatons for hgh tenures. Ths method provdes a very flexble specfcaton of the baselne hazard but does mpose more restrctons than Cox s model. 3 Estmaton Results In Table 2 we report the means of the varables used n the analyss. We fnd that both non- Russan Europeans and Russans have a hgher ext rate than North Amercans. North Amercans have fewer games played asssts and goals than non-russan Europeans and Russans ndcatng that they are less sklled than ther European counterparts. North Amercans have more penalty mnutes than non-russan Europeans and Russans. Both Russan and non-russan Europeans have a better plus mnus than North Amercans ndcatng that teams are better n terms of scorng dfferental when North Amercans are not on the ce. Both non-russan Europeans and Russans are taller than North Amercans. Russans wegh more than North Amercans and North Amercans wegh more than non-russan Europeans. The average age for all three groups s between 26.5 and 27 years of age. Approxmately 70% of all the observatons occur after the lockout but only 51% of the Russan observatons occur after the lockout. Only 4% of the sample s Russan and 21% s non-russan European. 3 When hgher order polynomals of the sxth and seventh power are ncluded the results do not change suggestng that a ffth order polynomal s flexble enough to capture the nfluence of the baselne hazard. 11

14 In table 3 we report the percentage of non-russan European and Russan players by year. In 2000 the percentage of non-russan European players n the league was 22.3% and the percentage of Russan players was 6.9%. Over the course of the sample perod the percentage of non-russan European players fell to 15% and the percentage of Russan players fell to 2.2%. Table 3 reveals that there has been a steady declne n the percentage of non-russan European and Russan players over tme. In Table 4 we report the results of estmatng equaton 6 for two specfcatons. The frst controls for the post-lockout perod alone and the second controls for dfferences across non- Russan European and Russan-born players n the post-lockout perod wth North Amercan-born players beng the reference category. In both cases better performance decreases the lkelhood of ext wth the coeffcents on games played goals asssts penalty mnutes and plus mnus 4 all beng negatve and statstcally sgnfcant. In addton we fnd that the coeffcent on age s postve and sgnfcant suggestng that older players are more lkely to ext than younger players. We also fnd that the coeffcent on the year the player played s negatve and statstcally sgnfcant suggestng that recent players are less lkely to ext than past players. We also fnd that heaver players are less lkely to ext and taller players are more lkely to ext the league. As n other studes that fnd dfferental treatment of hockey players based on natonalty we also fnd that country of orgn nfluences whether a player exts the league. Usng North Amercan-born players as the reference category both Russan-born and non-russan Europeanborn hockey players have a hgher probablty of ext n a gven year ceters parbus on 4 The "plus-mnus" statstc s calculated as a ponts dfferental. When an even-strength or shorthanded goal s scored every player on the ce for the scorng team s credted wth a "plus." Every player on the ce for the team scored aganst gets a "mnus." A player's overall plus-mnus s calculated by subtractng the mnuses from the pluses. A hgh plus-mnus s taken to mean the player s a good offensve or defensve player. 12

15 productvty and age. Our results could be consstent wth customer-based dscrmnaton f fan preference for North Amercan-born players s suffcently hgh or wth co-worker dscrmnaton that mght arse wth possble language or cultural dfferences (see Kahane et al. 2013). However there appears to be lttle emprcal evdence of wde-spread dscrmnaton aganst European (both Russan and non-russan) players n other dmensons of hockey such as salares. Therefore t s not mmedately obvous that the evdence ponts to aspects of the NHL pushng European and Russan players away. However the ncreased lkelhood of Europeans and Russans leavng concdes wth ncreasngly lucratve opportuntes to play hockey n Europe most notably n the KHL n Russa. To get a feel for the magntude of ext lkelhood we convert the coeffcents nto a percentage change by usng 100(exp(β)-1) for each dummy varable. We fnd that a non-russan European-born player has a 125% hgher lkelhood of extng than a North Amercan-born player holdng performance constant whle Russan-born players have a 184% hgher lkelhood of extng ther career than a North Amercan-born player pror to the NHL lockout that clmbs to 423% after the NHL lockout holdng performance constant. Our results suggest that although there has been a large nflux of foregn players from Europe nto the NHL there s somethng pushng and/or pullng that reduces career duraton of players from Europe below what performance would suggest. Nonlnear Decompostons of Career Length Dfferences To further explore the effect of beng foregn born on ext n the NHL we use the Blnder-Oaxaca nonlnear decomposton technque (Snnng Hahn and Bauer 2008). Lke the lnear Blnder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) method the nonlnear method decomposes the dfference between 13

16 groups nto dfferences across ndvdual characterstcs and dfferences across coeffcents. In the lnear case the decomposton s: (7) ῩA - ῩB = (XA XB)β* + XA(βA- β*) + XB(βB- β*) where ῩA - ῩB s the total dfference between two groups (XA XB)β* s the dfference due to dfferent ndvdual characterstcs XA(βA- β*) s the advantage of beng n group A XB(βB- β*) s the dsadvantage n beng n group B and β* s a weghted average of the coeffcent vectors βa and βb. In the smple Blnder and Oaxaca (1973) decomposton method β* s ether set to βa or to βb. Two alternatve methods to determne β* are the Cotton (1988) and the Neumark (1988) methods where Cotton uses a weghted average technque and Neumark (1988) uses a pooled model to derve β* (Snnng Hahn and Bauer 2008). The non-lnear technque follows the same pattern decomposng the logt equatons nto the percentage determned by characterstcs n our case performance and the percentage determned by dfferences n coeffcents. In our case we estmate separate logt models for North Amercan-born players for non- Russan European-born players and for Russan-born players. We then perform two sets of decompostons one for North Amercan-born players compared to non-russan European-born players and one for North Amercan-born players compared to Russan-born players. The results for the separate logt models are reported n Table 5. We report the decomposton results n Tables 6A and 6B. In Table 6A we report the results of the non-lnear decompostons between North Amercan-born and non-russan-born Europeans usng the smple Blnder and Oaxaca technque the Cotton technque and the Neumark technque. We fnd that the raw dfference s We convert the coeffcents nto a percentage change of the raw dfference by usng 100(exp(β)-1) and fnd that non-russan European players have only two percent hgher lkelhood of ext than North 14

17 Amercan-born players on average when not controllng for productvty dfferences. Usng the decomposton technque however we fnd that dfferences n productvty however lower the lkelhood of ext. The effect ranges from -193 to -237 percent dependng upon what decomposton technque s performed. These results suggest that f only productvty determned career length Europeans should have a sx percent lower probablty of ext and thus longer careers than North Amercans. But when focusng on dfferences n coeffcents we fnd that ths dfference counts from 297% to 337% of the dfferental showng that on average non-russan-born Europeans are more lkely to ext than North Amercan-born players. These results suggest that European-born players have an eght percent hgher lkelhood of ext when controllng for performance. In Table 6B we report the results of the non-lnear decompostons between North Amercan-born and Russan-born players usng the smple Blnder and Oaxaca technque the Cotton technque and the Neumark technque. We fnd that the raw dfference s.066. We convert the coeffcents nto a percentage change of the raw dfference by usng 100(exp(β)-1) and fnd that Russan players have a seven percent hgher lkelhood of ext than North Amercan-born players on average. Usng the decomposton we fnd that dfferences n productvty however lowers the lkelhood of ext. The effect ranges from -169% to -72% percent dependng upon what decomposton technque s performed. These results suggest that f only productvty determned career length Russans should have a fve percent to twelve percent lower probablty of ext and longer careers than North Amercans. But when focusng on dfferences n coeffcents we fnd that ths dfference counts from a 29% to 246% of the dfferental showng that on average Russanborn players are more lkely to ext than North Amercan-born players. 15

18 Our decomposton results further suggest that although there has been a large nflux of foregn players from Europe somethng s pushng and/or pullng European players from the NHL and makng ther careers shorter than ther productvty would suggest. Ether ext dscrmnaton or voluntary ext due to other factors determnes why European players have a hgher lkelhood of ext. One potental explanaton s that Europeans return to ther natve countres to end ther careers n professonal hockey leagues there (Albom 2016). The NHL Lockout s Influence on NHL Ext The NHL season was cancelled because of a lockout aganst the players. The lost season provded an opportunty for many players especally European-born players to seek employment n other hockey leagues around the world. After the end of the lockout brought about by a collectve barganng agreement whch dramatcally altered the market prce for hockey talents by ntroducng an ndvdual and team salary cap reducng the average salares to year levels and ntroducng greater mnmum wages (see Depken and Lureman 2014 for further analyss of how the market for hockey talents changed after the lockout). These changes n the market for NHL talents mght have provded European-born players a greater ncentve to leave the NHL early to play n European leagues that mght be more compettve n salares. Ths appears to have been the case wth the KHL whch started payng hgher salares startng n 2008 and thereby recrutng heavly from NHL players. To test for changes n ext patterns after the collectve barganng agreement we nteract the dummy varables descrbng country of brth wth a dummy varable that takes a value of one after the lockout ended and zero otherwse. The results ncludng these nteractons are reported n Column 2 of Table 4. To better nterpret the magntude of the lkelhood of ext n both the pre- 16

19 and post-lockout perod we convert the coeffcents nto a percentage by usng 100(exp(β)-1) for each country-of-orgn dummy varable and post-lockout nteracton. We fnd that a non-russan European-born player had a 125% hgher lkelhood of extng n a gven year than a North Amercan-born players pror to the lockout holdng performance constant. After the lockout ths lkelhood ncreased an addtonal 15 percentage ponts although the post-lockout effect s statstcally nsgnfcant. Russan-born players have a 184% hgher lkelhood of extng ther career than North Amercan-born players pror to the lockout and ths lkelhood ncreases by an addtonal 239 percentage ponts after the lockout for a total 423% hgher lkelhood of ext than North Amercan-born players. Concluson We fnd that European-born hockey players have shorter careers than ther performance statstcs would suggest. In partcular Russan-born hockey players have the hghest lkelhood of ext durng the perod and ths lkelhood ncreased dramatcally after the end of the lockout n the NHL whch also corresponded to ncreased salares n the Russan Kontnental Hockey League. Our statstcal evdence suggests that there s somethng pushng and/or pullng European players n the NHL nto extng earler than North Amercan-born players. Whle customer-based coworker-based or employer-based ext dscrmnaton mght be pushng these players to leave the league more lucratve opportuntes to play hockey n ther natve countres mght be pullng players to leave the NHL earler than otherwse predcted. There s anecdotal evdence that many players choose to retre from the NHL early to wnd down ther careers n leagues n ther natve countres wth shorter seasons and fewer njures although wth lower salares. Future research would do well to focus on these optons to foregn-born NHL players. 17

20 Although t s dffcult to determne from our analyss whether the ncrease n the ext of European players s determned by ext dscrmnaton by the team or voluntary ext by the player t s lkely that a porton of the hgher probablty of ext by European players s due to ext dscrmnaton. In the case of European players beng pulled back to ther natve countres (Albom 2016) ext dscrmnaton s a plausble response by teams. Ths s because European players that ext the league voluntarly to return to ther home countres have the ablty to leave ther team wth salary cap and roster ssues that mpose addtonal costs on the team. These addtonal costs provde teams wth an ncentve to release European players from the team sooner than they would release a North Amercan-born player wthout an ncentve to leave the team and return to hs natve country. Even f there would be no dscrmnatory behavor towards European players n the absence of voluntary exts the presence of voluntary exts by European players provde teams wth an ncentve to dscrmnate aganst European players. 18

21 References Albom Mtch (2016 Aprl 11) Pavel Datsyuk says he wll leave the Red Wngs after playoffs Detrot Free Press. Retreved from columnsts/mtch-albom/2016/04/10/albom-wngs-datsyuk-column/ Alvarez Jame Davd Forrest Ismael Sanz Juan de Dos Tena (2011) Impact of mportng foregn talent on performance levels of local co-workers Labour Economcs 18 (3): Aslanbegu Nahd and Veronca Montecnos (1998) "Foregn Students n U.S. Doctoral Programs" Journal of Economc Perspectves 12(3): Åslund Olaf Lena Hensvk and Oskar Nordström Skans (2014) Seekng Smlarty: How Immgrants and Natves Manage n the Labor Market Journal of Labor Economcs 32(3): Berger Mark C. and Dan A. Black (1998) "The Duraton of Medcad Spells: An Analyss Usng Flow and Stock Samples" The Revew of Economcs and Statstcs 80(4): Blnder Alan S. (1973) Wage Dscrmnaton: Reduced Form and Structural Estmates Journal of Human Resources 8(4): Borjas George and Brent Bratsberg (1996). Who Leaves? The Outmgraton of the Foregn Born The Revew of Economcs and Statstcs 78(1): Chrste Tom and Marc Lavoe (2015). Entry Dscrmnaton n the NHL: Evoluton and the KHL Effect Eastern Economcs Journal 41(2): Cotton Jeremah (1988) On the Decomposton of Wage Dfferentals Revew of Economcs and Statstcs70(2): Depken Crag A. and Jeff Lureman (2014) "Wage Dsparty Team Performance and the 2005 NHL Collectve Barganng Agreement" mmeo Unversty of North Carolna at Charlotte. Duckng Johnny Peter A. Groothus and James Rchard Hll (2014) Compensaton Dscrmnaton n the NFL: An Analyss of Career Earnngs Appled Economc Letters 21(10): Dustmann Chrstan (1997) Return Mgraton Uncertanty and Precautonary Savngs Journal of Development Economcs 52(2): Dustmann Chrstan and Arthur Van Soest (2002) Language and the Earnngs of Immgrants Industral and Labor Relatons Revew 55 (3):

22 Galor Oded and Oded Stark (1990) Mgrants Savngs the Probablty of Return Mgraton and Mgrants Performance Internatonal Economc Revew 31(2): Groothus Peter A. and James Rchard Hll (2004) Ext Dscrmnaton n the NBA: A Duraton Analyss of Career Length Usng Flow and Stock Samples Economc Inqury 42(2): Groothus Peter A. and James Rchard Hll (2008) Ext Dscrmnaton n Major League Baseball: Southern Economc Journal (75)2: Hoang Ha and Dan Rascher (1999) The NBA Ext Dscrmnaton and Career Earnngs Industral Relatons 38(1): Jobu Robert M (1988) Racal Inequalty n a Publc Arena: The Case of Professonal Baseball Socal Forces 67(2): Johnson Norrs R. and Davd P. Marple (1973) Racal Dscrmnaton n Professonal Basketball: An Emprcal Test Socologcal Focus (6)4: Jones J.C. H. and Wllam D. Walsh (1988) Salary Determnaton n the Natonal Hockey League: The Effects of Sklls Franchse Characterstcs and Dscrmnaton Industral and Labor Relatons Revew (41)4: Kahane Leo Nel Longley and Robert Smmons (2013) The Effects of Coworker Heterogenety on Frm-Level Output: Assessng the Impacts of Cultural and Language Dversty n the Natonal Hockey League Revew of Economcs and Statstcs 95(1): Kahn Lawrence M. (1991) Dscrmnaton n Professonal Sports: A Survey of the Lterature Industral and Labor Relatons Revew (44)3: LaVoe Marc (1989) Stackng Performance Dfferentals and Salary Dscrmnaton n Professonal Ice Hockey: A Survey of the Evdence Socology of Sport Journal (6)1: Lavoe Marc Gles Grener and Serge Coulumbe (1987) Dscrmnaton and Performance Dfferentals n the Natuonal Hockey League Canadan Publc Polcy/Analyse de Poltques. (13)4; Mongeon Kevn and Nel Longley (2015) Testng for Ethncty Dscrmnaton among NHL Referees: A Duraton Model Approach Eastern Economcs Journal 41(1) Neumark Davd (1988) Employers Dscrmnatory Behavor and the Estmaton of Wage Dscrmnaton Journal of Human Resources 23(3):

23 Oaxaca Ronald (1973) Male Female Wage Dfferentals n Urban Labor Markets Internatonal Economc Revew 14(3): Snnng Mathas Markus Hahn and Thomas K. Bauer T. K. (2008) The Blnder Oaxaca Decomposton for Nonlnear Regresson Models The Stata Journal 8(4):

24 Table 1: Hazard Rates Tenure Full Sample North Amercan European (Non-Russan) Russan n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n= n=6.000 n=1 Longest Career 27 years 27 years 24 years 21 years 22

25 Table 2: Descrptve Statstcs of the Sample Varable Full Sample North Amercan European (Non-Russan) Russan Ext NHL 0.15 (0.36) 0.14 (0.35) 0.17 (0.37) 0.21 (0.40) Games played (28.42) (28.67) (27.37) (26.67) Asssts (13.15) (12.41) (14.25) (15.59) Goals 7.32 (8.96) 6.69 (8.45) 8.81 (9.61) (11.92) Penalty Mnutes (35.61) (38.30) (25.74) (26.22) Plus Mnus (9.34) (8.94) 0.67 (10.36) (10.21) Weght (Pounds) (15.69) (15.62) (15.66) (16.74) Heght (Inches) (2.05) (2.06) (2.00) (2.18) Age (Years) (4.56) (4.51) (4.63) (5.01) Post Lockout (1=Yes) European-born (1=Yes) Russan-born (1=Yes) Post Lockout (1=Yes) * European-born Post Lockout (1=Yes) * Russan-born Sample Sze (Standard devaton n parentheses) 23

26 Table 3: Percentage of Non-Russan European and Russan Players by Year Year Proporton European (Non-Russan) Proporton Russan Lockout Lockout

27 Table 4: Determnants of NHL Ext: Logt Model Model (1) Model (2) Games Played *** *** (0.003) (0.003) Asssts *** *** (0.011) (0.011) Goals *** *** (0.012) (0.013) Penalty Mnutes *** *** (0.002) (0.002) Plus Mnus *** *** (0.005) (0.005) Weght *** *** (0.003) (0.003) Heght 0.037* 0.037* (0.021) (0.021) Age 0.233*** 0.236*** (0.015) (0.015) Year ** ** (0.014) (0.014) Post Lockout (0.129) (0.135) European 0.754*** 0.652*** (0.078) (0.126) Russan 1.361*** 1.044*** (0.149) (0.212) European x Post Lockout (0.159) Russan x Post Lockout 0.611* (0.318) Constant ** ** (28.510) (28.575) Observatons Robust standard errors n parentheses. *** p<0.01 ** p<0.05 * p<0.1 25

28 Table 5: Determnants of NHL Ext: Separate Logt Models for Decompostons (1) (2) (3) North Amercan European (Non-Russan) Russan Games Played *** (0.003) (0.005) (0.008) Asssts *** *** *** (0.014) (0.019) (0.032) Goals *** * (0.017) (0.020) (0.025) Penalty Mnutes *** *** (0.002) (0.004) (0.009) Plus Mnus Goals *** (0.007) (0.009) (0.020) Weght *** *** (0.003) (0.006) (0.012) Heght (0.025) (0.045) (0.092) Age 0.235*** 0.253*** 0.220*** (0.018) (0.030) (0.057) Year *** (0.017) (0.030) (0.068) Post CBA ** (0.155) (0.260) (0.543) Constant *** (33.867) (59.632) ( ) Observatons Robust standard errors n parentheses. *** p<0.01 ** p<0.05 * p<0.1 26

29 Omega =1 Characterstcs Coeffcents Omega =0 Characterstcs Coeffcents Cotton Technque Productvty Advantage Dsadvantage Neumark Technque Productvty Advantage Dsadvantage Table 6A: Nonlnear Decompostons of Ext Logts: European-born Coeffcent ***.0731*** ***.0645*** ***.0181***.0536*** Standard Error Percentage -237% 337% -197% 297% -229% 83% 247% ***.0494***.0143*** % 227% 66% Raw Dfference % Number of Observatons n European-born Group 2365 Number of Observatons n North Amercan-born Group Standard Errors calculate by 50 Bootstrap Replcatons usng STATA Omega =1 Characterstcs Coeffcents Omega =0 Characterstcs Coeffcents Cotton Technque Productvty Advantage Dsadvantage Neumark Technque Productvty Advantage Table 6B: Nonlnear Decompostons of Ext Logts: Russan-born Coeffcent ***.1777*** ***.1148*** ***.0103***.1630*** ***.1070***.0064*** Standard Error Pct of Raw Dfference -169% 29% -74% 174% -163% 16% 246% -72% 162% 10% Dsadvantage Raw Dfference % Number of Observatons n Russan-born Group 494 Number of Observatons n North Amercan-born Group Standard Errors calculated by 50 Bootstrap Replcatons 27

30 Fgure 1: Hazard Rates for Career Endng by Years of Tenure Tenure NA EU RU 28

31 Fgure 2: Hazard Rates for Career Endng by Year ( ) Year NA EU RU 29

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through Muscle dran versus bran gan n assocaton football: technology transfer through player emgraton and manager mmgraton G. J. Allan a * and J. Moffat b a Correspondng Author: Department of Economcs, Sr Wllam

More information

The impact of foreign players on international football performance

The impact of foreign players on international football performance MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve The mpact of foregn players on nternatonal football performance Orhan Karaca Ekonomst Magazne, Research Department October 008 Onlne at http://mpra.ub.un-muenchen.de/11064/

More information

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predctor of Worker Productvty The analyss examned the predctve potental of ACT WorkKeys wth regard to two elements. The frst s tme to employment. People takng WorkKeys

More information

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer Reduced drft, hgh accuracy stable carbon sotope rato measurements usng a reference gas wth the Pcarro 13 CO 2 G2101- gas analyzer Chrs Rella, Ph.D. Drector of Research & Development Pcarro, Inc., Sunnyvale,

More information

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore Engneerng Analyss of Implementng Pedestran Scramble Crossng at Traffc Junctons n Sngapore Dr. Lm Wee Chuan Eldn Department of Chemcal & Bomolecular Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, 4 Engneerng

More information

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS C. Barry Pftzner and Chrs Spence, Department of Economcs/Busness, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, bpftzne@rmc.edu, cspence@rmc.edu

More information

Evaluating Rent Dissipation in the Spanish Football Industry *

Evaluating Rent Dissipation in the Spanish Football Industry * Evaluatng Rent Dsspaton n the Spansh Football Industry * Gudo Ascar Dp. d Economa Poltca e Metod Quanttatv Va S. Felce 5 27100 Pava, Italy Tel: (+39) 0382 506211 Fax: (+39) 0382 304226 gascar@eco.unpv.t

More information

What does it take to be a star?

What does it take to be a star? Unversty of Freburg Department of Internatonal Economc Polcy Dscusson Paper Seres Nr. 1 What does t take to be a star? The role of performance and the meda for German soccer players Erk E. Lehmann and

More information

Major League Duopolists: When Baseball Clubs Play in Two-Team Cities. Phillip Miller. Department of Economics. Minnesota State University, Mankato

Major League Duopolists: When Baseball Clubs Play in Two-Team Cities. Phillip Miller. Department of Economics. Minnesota State University, Mankato Major League Duopolsts: When Baseball Clubs Play n Two-Team Ctes Phllp Mller Department of Economcs Mnnesota State Unversty, Mankato September 2006 Abstract: Ths paper focuses on examnng the attendance

More information

Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach

Referee Bias and Stoppage Time in Major League Soccer: A Partially Adaptive Approach Econometrcs 2014, 2, 1-19; do:10.3390/econometrcs2010001 OPEN ACCESS econometrcs ISSN 2225-1146 www.mdp.com/journal/econometrcs Artcle Referee Bas and Stoppage Tme n Major League Soccer: A Partally Adaptve

More information

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition June 2013 Decomposton gude Techncal report on decomposton Erasmus MC Start date of project: 20 Aprl 2012 Duraton: 36 months 1 Table of contents Abstract... 4 Acknowledgements... 5 Introducton... 6 Part

More information

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS Mohammad Rahnamae A Thess n the John Molson School of Busness Presented n Partal Fulfllment of the Requrements For the Degree of Master of Scence (Busness Admnstraton)

More information

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100 1 4. ANALYSING FREQUENCY TABLES Categorcal (nomnal) data are usually summarzed n requency tables. Contnuous numercal data may also be grouped nto ntervals and the requency o observatons n each nterval

More information

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS A ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS DIFFICULTY GROUPS OF FEATURES 1 DEFINITIONS: Change of Rotaton: Refers to TURNS or LINKING STEPS rotatng

More information

WORKING PAPER SERIES Long-term Competitive Balance under UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations Markus Sass Working Paper No. 5/2012

WORKING PAPER SERIES Long-term Competitive Balance under UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations Markus Sass Working Paper No. 5/2012 WORKING PAPER SERIES Impressum ( 5 TMG) Herausgeber: Otto-von-Guercke-Unverstät Magdeburg Fakultät für Wrtschaftswssenschaft Der Dekan Verantwortlch für dese Ausgabe: Otto-von-Guercke-Unverstät Magdeburg

More information

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study Equlbrum or Smple Rule at Wmbledon? An Emprcal Study Shh-Hsun Hsu, Chen-Yng Huang and Cheng-Tao Tang Revson: March 2004 Abstract We follow Walker and Wooders (200) emprcal analyss to collect and study

More information

Beating a Live Horse: Effort s Marginal Cost Revealed in a Tournament

Beating a Live Horse: Effort s Marginal Cost Revealed in a Tournament Clemson Unversty From the SelectedWorks of Mchael T. Maloney March, 2008 Beatng a Lve Horse: Effort s Margnal Cost Revealed n a Tournament Mchael T. Maloney, Clemson Unversty Bentley Coffey, Clemson Unversty

More information

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES Journal of Sports Scence and Medcne (2006) 5, 509-516 http://www.jssm.org Research artcle The 8th Australasan Conference on Mathematcs and Computers n Sport, 3-5 July 2006, Queensland, Australa A PROBABILITY

More information

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System Evaluaton of a Center Pvot Varable Rate Irrgaton System Ruxu Su Danel K. Fsher USDA-ARS Crop Producton Systems Research Unt, Stonevlle, Msssspp Abstrat: Unformty of water dstrbuton of a varable rate center

More information

Recreational trip timing and duration prediction: A research note

Recreational trip timing and duration prediction: A research note Recreatonal trp tmng and duraton predcton: A research note Ataelty Halu a and Le Gao a* a School of Agrcultural and Resource Economcs, The Unversty of Western Australa, Crawley, WA 6009, Australa *E-mal

More information

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production Brgham Young Unversty BYU ScholarsArchve All Theses and Dssertatons 006-03-09 Modelng the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensve Producton Mchael Ross Smth Brgham Young Unversty - Provo Follow ths

More information

JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project ) Project Title: Analyzing the Technical and Economic Structure of Hawaii s Pelagic Fishery

JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project ) Project Title: Analyzing the Technical and Economic Structure of Hawaii s Pelagic Fishery 1 JIMAR ANNUAL REPORT FOR FY 2001 (Project 653540) P.I. Name: PngSun Leung, Khem Sharma and Sam Pooley Project Research Assstant: Naresh Pradhan Project Ttle: Analyzng the Techncal and Economc Structure

More information

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L.

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L. Prce Determnants of Show Qualty Quarter Horses Mykel R. Taylor Kevn C. Dhuyvetter Terry L. Kastens Megan Doutht and Thomas L. Marsh* The authors would lke to thank Professonal Aucton Servces, Inc. for

More information

Johnnie Johnson, Owen Jones and Leilei Tang. Exploring decision-makers use of price information in a speculative market

Johnnie Johnson, Owen Jones and Leilei Tang. Exploring decision-makers use of price information in a speculative market Johnne Johnson, Owen Jones and Lele Tang Explorng decson-makers use of prce nformaton n a speculatve market Abstract We explore the extent to whch the decsons of partcpants n a speculatve market effectvely

More information

Relative Salary Efficiency of PGA Tour Golfers: A Dynamic Review

Relative Salary Efficiency of PGA Tour Golfers: A Dynamic Review Relatve Salary Effcency of PGA Tour Golfers: A Dynamc Revew Julo Cesar Alonso Unversdad Ices Julan Benavdes Unversdad Ices Based on one-year sample, Nero (2001) estmated golfers' usng four performance

More information

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas Development of Accdent Modfcaton Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments n Texas Domnque Lord* Zachry Department of Cvl Engneerng & Center for Transportaton Safety Texas Transportaton Insttute Texas A&M

More information

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Englsh Premer League (EPL) Soccer Matches Predcton usng An Adaptve Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Amadn, F. I 1 and Ob, J.C. 2 Department of Computer Scence, Unversty of Benn, Benn Cty. Ngera.

More information

Crash Frequency and Severity Modeling Using Clustered Data from Washington State

Crash Frequency and Severity Modeling Using Clustered Data from Washington State Proceedngs of the IEEE ITSC 2006 2006 IEEE Intellgent Transportaton Systems Conference Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2006 WB7.1 Crash Frequency and Severty Modelng Usng Clustered Data from Washngton

More information

Free Ride, Take it Easy: An Empirical Analysis of Adverse Incentives Caused by Revenue Sharing

Free Ride, Take it Easy: An Empirical Analysis of Adverse Incentives Caused by Revenue Sharing MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve Free Rde, Take t Easy: An Emprcal Analyss of Adverse Incentves Caused by Revenue Sharng Danel, Rascher; Matt, Brown; Mark, Nagel and Chad, McEvoy Unversty of San Francsco,

More information

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline Rsk analyss of natural gas ppelne Y.-D. Jo 1, K.-S. Park 1, J. W. Ko, & B. J. Ahn 3 1 Insttute of Gas Safety Technology, Korea Gas Safety Corporaton, South Korea Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Kwangwoon

More information

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ Seasonal and Spatal Patterns of Growth of Ranbow Trout n the Colorado Rver n Grand Canyon, AZ Journal: Manuscrpt ID cjfas-15-2.r1 Manuscrpt Type: Artcle Date Submtted by the Author: 23-Jun-15 Complete

More information

Journal of Environmental Management

Journal of Environmental Management Journal of Envronmental Management 90 (2009) 3057 3069 Contents lsts avalable at ScenceDrect Journal of Envronmental Management journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/jenvman Sustanable value assessment

More information

A non-parametric analysis of the efficiency of the top European football clubs

A non-parametric analysis of the efficiency of the top European football clubs MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve A non-parametrc analyss of the effcency of the top European football clubs George Halkos and Nckolaos Tzeremes Unversty of Thessaly, Department of Economcs May 2011 Onlne

More information

Department of Economics Working Paper

Department of Economics Working Paper Department of Economics Working Paper Number 16-11 August 2016 Is There a Wage Premium or Wage Discrimination For Foreign-Born Players in the NBA? James Richard Hill Central Michigan University Peter A.

More information

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions 1 A Study on Parametrc Wave Estmaton Based on Measured Shp Motons Ulrk Dam NIELSEN * and Tosho ISEKI ** Abstract The paper studes parametrc wave estmaton based on the wave buoy analogy, and data and results

More information

Comparative Deterministic and Probabilistic Analysis of Two Unsaturated Soil Slope Models after Rainfall Infiltration

Comparative Deterministic and Probabilistic Analysis of Two Unsaturated Soil Slope Models after Rainfall Infiltration Jordan Journal of Cvl Engneerng, Volume 11, No. 1, 2017 Comparatve Determnstc and Probablstc Analyss of Two Unsaturated Sol Slope Models after Ranfall Infltraton Manoj Kr. Sahs 1) and Partha Pratm Bswas

More information

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements CS 75 Machne Learnng Lecture 4 ensty estmaton Mlos Hauskrecht mlos@cs.ptt.edu 539 Sennott Square CS 75 Machne Learnng Announcements Homework ue on Wednesday before the class Reports: hand n before the

More information

RCBC Newsletter. September Richmond County Baseball Club. Inside this issue: Johnny Ray Memorial Classic. RCBC on You Tube

RCBC Newsletter. September Richmond County Baseball Club. Inside this issue: Johnny Ray Memorial Classic. RCBC on You Tube September 2016 Rchmond County Baseball Club 1400 Travs Ave. Staten Island, NY 10314 RCBC Newsletter If you have any nterestng nfo or news you would lke ncluded n a future newsletter, please emal to jm@rcbclub.com.

More information

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES MARIOS CHRISTOU Shell Internatonal Exploraton and Producton, 2288 GS Rjswjk, The Netherlands. E-mal: maros.chrstou@shell.com PETER TROMANS Ocean Wave

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS J.Franco a, A.Corz a*.a.peña b a Materal Composte Group. Unversdad de Cadz. Avda/Ramon Puyol s/n. 11205 Algecras (Span) *alcorz@caltech.es b Calpe

More information

EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL SOCCER RANKINGS. Peter Macmillan and Ian Smith

EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL SOCCER RANKINGS. Peter Macmillan and Ian Smith EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL SOCCER RANKINGS Peter Macmllan and Ian Smth School of Economcs and Fnance Unversty of St Andrews St Andrews Ffe, KY16 9AL Unted Kngdom Tel: + 44 1334 46430 (Smth), + 44 1334 46433

More information

COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL

COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL COMPENSATING FOR WAVE NONRESPONSE IN THE 1979 ISDP RESEARCH PANEL 1. Introducton Graham Kalton, Unversty of Mchgan ames Lepkowsk, Unversty of Mchgan Tng-Kwong Ln. Natonal Unversty of Sngapore The choce

More information

The Initial Phases of a Consistent Pricing System that Reflects the Online Sale Value of a Horse

The Initial Phases of a Consistent Pricing System that Reflects the Online Sale Value of a Horse Unversty of Kentucky UKnowledge Lews Honors College Capstone Collecton Lews Honors College 2014 The Intal Phases of a Consstent Prcng System that Reflects the Onlne Sale Value of a Horse Curran A. Prettyman

More information

Sectoral Business Cycle Synchronization in the European Union *

Sectoral Business Cycle Synchronization in the European Union * Sectoral Busness Cycle Synchronzaton n the European Unon * Antóno Afonso, # $ Davde Furcer + January 2007 Abstract Ths paper analyses sectoral busness cycle synchronzaton n an enlarged European Unon usng

More information

Incidence and Risk Factors for Concussion in High School Athletes, North Carolina,

Incidence and Risk Factors for Concussion in High School Athletes, North Carolina, Amercan Journal of Epdemology Copyrght 2004 by the Johns Hopkns Bloomberg School of Publc Health All rghts reserved Vol. 160, No. 10 Prnted n U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh304 Incdence and Rsk Factors for

More information

2018 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE

2018 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE 2018 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE GENERAL OVERVIEW USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude The USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude outlnes the 2018 grls

More information

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508 4. Ttle and Subttle A Comprehensve Study on Pavement Edge Lne Implementaton 7. Author(s) Xaoduan Sun, Ph.D., P.E. Subassh Das 9. Performng Organzaton

More information

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Price and Yield Risk Management Products in Reducing. Revenue Risk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Price and Yield Risk Management Products in Reducing. Revenue Risk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D. Evaluatng the Effectveness of Prce and Yeld Rsk Management Products n Reducng Revenue Rsk for Southeastern Crop Producers * Todd D. Davs ** Abstract A non-parametrc smulaton model ncorporatng prce and

More information

Impact of Intelligence on Target-Hardening Decisions

Impact of Intelligence on Target-Hardening Decisions CREATE Research Archve Publshed Artcles & Papers 5--29 Impact of Intellgence on Target-Hardenng Decsons Vck M. Ber Unversty of Wsconsn Madson, ber@engr.wsc.edu Chen Wang Unversty of Wsconsn - Madson, cwang37@wsc.edu

More information

Peculiarities of the Major League Baseball Posting System

Peculiarities of the Major League Baseball Posting System Peculartes of the Major League Baseball Postng System Duane W. Rockerbe Unversty of Lethbrdge Revsed July 2007 Abstract The postng system used n major league baseball to obtan free agent players from Japan

More information

Cost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads

Cost Effective Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads Fnal Techncal Report TNW2008-04 Research Project Agreement No. 61-2394 Cost Effectve Safety Improvements for Two-Lane Rural Roads Ynha Wang Assocate Professor Ngan Ha Nguyen Graduate Research Assstant

More information

Coastal Engineering Technical Note

Coastal Engineering Technical Note Coastal Engneerng Techncal Note CETN V-10 Even-Odd Functon Analyss of Shorelne Poston and Volume Change by Jule Dean RoSllt and Nchollls C. Kraus Purpose: To present the background and methodology for

More information

An Enforcement-Coalition Model: Fishermen and Authorities forming Coalitions. Lone Grønbæk Kronbak Marko Lindroos

An Enforcement-Coalition Model: Fishermen and Authorities forming Coalitions. Lone Grønbæk Kronbak Marko Lindroos An Enforcement-Coalton Model: Fshermen and Authortes formng Coaltons Lone Grønbæ Kronba Maro Lndroos December 003 All rghts reserved. No part of ths WORKING PAPER may be used or reproduced n any manner

More information

2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE

2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE 2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE GENERAL OVERVIEW USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude The USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude outlnes the 2017 grls

More information

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE

ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME DIVISION OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS RELEASE Cora Campbell, Commssoner Jeff Regnart, Drector Contact: Cordova ADF&G Steve Mofftt, PWS Fnfsh Research Bologst 401 Ralroad

More information

Valuing Beach Quality with Hedonic Property Models

Valuing Beach Quality with Hedonic Property Models Valung Beach Qualty wth Hedonc Property Models Crag E. Landry* Department of Economcs Center for Natural Hazards Research East Carolna Unversty, Greenvlle, NC 27858 landryc@ecu.edu; 252-328-6383 and Paul

More information

2017 GIRLS CENTRAL DISTRICT PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE

2017 GIRLS CENTRAL DISTRICT PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE 2017 GIRLS CENTRAL DISTRICT PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE GENERAL OVERVIEW USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude The USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude outlnes the 2017 grls

More information

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS AS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS ómez-díaz, D. a, omes, N. b, Texera, J.A. b, Belo, I. b a Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Unversty of Santago de Compostela,

More information

Respondent Incentives in a Multi-Mode Panel Survey: Cumulative Effects on Nonresponse and Bias

Respondent Incentives in a Multi-Mode Panel Survey: Cumulative Effects on Nonresponse and Bias Respondent Incentves n a Mult-Mode Panel Survey: Cumulatve Effects on Nonresponse and Bas Annette Jäckle and Peter Lynn 1 ISER Workng Paper 2007-01 1The vews epressed are those of the authors and not necessarly

More information

BETHANY TAX INCREMENT FINANCING DISTRICT NO. 1 NOTICE OF TWO PUBLIC HEARINGS

BETHANY TAX INCREMENT FINANCING DISTRICT NO. 1 NOTICE OF TWO PUBLIC HEARINGS BETHANY TAX NCREMENT FNANCNG DSTRCT NO. 1 NOTCE OF TWO PUBLC HEARNGS On December 12, 2017 at 7:00 P.M., at Bethany Cty Hall, 6700 N.W. 36th Street, Bethany, Oklahoma, the Cty Councl of the Cty of Bethany

More information

Terminating Head

Terminating Head Termnatng Head 58246-1 Instructon Sheet for MTA- 100 Receptacle Connectors 408-6929 Usng Dscrete Wre 07 APR 11 Locatng Pawl Feed Slde Tool Base Wre Inserter Adjuster (Inserton Rod) Mass Termnaton Assembly

More information

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship Downloaded from orbt.dtu.dk on: Jan 31, 18 Comparsons of Means for Estmatng Sea States from an Advancng Large Contaner Shp Nelsen, Ulrk Dam; Andersen, Ingrd Mare Vncent; Konng, Jos Publshed n: Proceedngs

More information

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C.

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C. TIP4-CT-2005-516420 Page 1 of 34 DELIVERABLE D 1.5 CONTRACT N PROJECT N ACRONYM TITLE TIP4-CT-2005-516420 FP6-516420 QCITY Quet Cty Transport Subproject 1 Nose mappng & modellng Work Package 1.1 Nose maps:

More information

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy Peace Economcs, Peace Scence and Publc Polcy Volume 17, Issue 1 2011 Artcle 1 Lone Wolf Terrorsm Peter J. Phllps Unversty of Southern Queensland, phllpsp@usq.edu.au Copyrght c 2011 Berkeley Electronc Press.

More information

Department of Economics Working Paper

Department of Economics Working Paper Department of Economics Working Paper Number 13-25 October 2013 Compensation Discrimination in the NFL: An Analysis of Career Earnings Johnny Ducking North Carolina A&T State University Peter A. Groothuis

More information

DRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIDIROKASTRO DEFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT

DRAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIDIROKASTRO DEFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT RAFT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT v.2.0 FOR IP KULATA/SIIROKASTRO EFINITIONS, BUSINESS RULES, EXCEPTIONAL EVENT ARTICLE 1: EFINITIONS All terms of the INTERCONNECTION AGREEMENT shall

More information

Randomization and serial dependence in professional tennis matches: Do strategic considerations, player rankings and match characteristics matter?

Randomization and serial dependence in professional tennis matches: Do strategic considerations, player rankings and match characteristics matter? Judgment and Decson Makng, Vol. 13, No. 5, September 2018, pp. 413 427 Randomzaton and seral dependence n professonal tenns matches: Do strategc consderatons, player rankngs and match characterstcs matter?

More information

Pedestrian Crash Prediction Models and Validation of Effective Factors on Their Safety (Case Study: Tehran Signalized Intersections)

Pedestrian Crash Prediction Models and Validation of Effective Factors on Their Safety (Case Study: Tehran Signalized Intersections) Open Journal of Cvl Engneerng, 2014, 4, 240-254 Publshed Onlne September 2014 n ScRes. http://www.scrp.org/journal/ojce http://dx.do.org/10.4236/ojce.2014.43021 Pedestran Crash Predcton Models and Valdaton

More information

Driver s Decision Model at an Onset of Amber Period at Signalised Intersections

Driver s Decision Model at an Onset of Amber Period at Signalised Intersections Probablty to stop 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.40 0.30 0-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 85-90 90-95 95-100 1st veh n platoon 2nd veh n platoon

More information

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents Analyss of old Tme Models for Total Floodng Clean Extngushng Agents Todd M. etrck, Al S. Rangwala Department of Fre Protecton Engneerng Worcester Polytechnc Insttute Worcester, MA 69-8 Abstract Ths study

More information

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes Numercal Study of Occupants Evacuaton from a Room for Requrements n Codes HL MU JH SUN Unversty of Scence and Technology of Chna State Key Laboratory of Fre Scence Hefe 2300326, CHINA muhl@mal.ustc.edu.cn

More information

Blockholder Voting. Heski Bar-Isaac and Joel Shapiro University of Toronto and University of Oxford. March 2017

Blockholder Voting. Heski Bar-Isaac and Joel Shapiro University of Toronto and University of Oxford. March 2017 Blockholder Votng Hesk Bar-Isaac and Joel Shapro Unversty of Toronto and Unversty of Oxford March 2017 Abstract By ntroducng a shareholder wth many votes (a blockholder to a standard model of votng, we

More information

Transportation Research Forum

Transportation Research Forum Transportaton Research Forum On the Impact of HOT Lane Tollng Strateges on Total Traffc Level Author(s): Sohel Sbdar and Mansoureh Jehan Source: Journal of the Transportaton Research Forum, Vol. 48, No.

More information

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus Product Informaton Unversal grpper PZN-plus PZN-plus Unversal grpper Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth

More information

Hedonic Price Analysis of Thoroughbred Broodmares in Foal

Hedonic Price Analysis of Thoroughbred Broodmares in Foal Hedonc Prce Analyss of Thoroughbred Broodmares n Foal Agrcultural Economcs Staff Paper # 460 June 2006 Kelly M. Stoeppel and Legh J. Maynard Unversty of Kentucky Department of Agrcultural Economcs 400

More information

Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments

Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments *Manuscrpt Clck here to vew lnked References Ye, Venezano, and Lord 1 Safety Impact of Gateway Monuments Zhru Ye a,*, Davd Venezano a, Domnque Lord b a Western Transportaton Insttute, Montana State Unversty,

More information

Keywords: Ordered regression model; Risk perception; Collision risk; Port navigation safety; Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; Harbor pilot.

Keywords: Ordered regression model; Risk perception; Collision risk; Port navigation safety; Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; Harbor pilot. Modelng perceved collson rsk n port water navgaton Hoong Chor Chn Assocate Professor, Department of Cvl Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, Engneerng Drve, EA #07-03, Sngapore 7576 Emal: cvechc@nus.edu.sg

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn

More information

EXIT DISCRIMINATION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL:

EXIT DISCRIMINATION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: EXIT DISCRIMINATION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: 990-2004 Peter A. Groothuis Associate Professor Department of Economics Appalachian State University Boone, NC 28607 groothuispa@appstate.edu and James Richard

More information

D S E Dipartimento Scienze Economiche

D S E Dipartimento Scienze Economiche D S E Dpartmento Scenze Economche Workng Paper Department of Economcs Ca Foscar Unversty of Vence Carlo Carraro Johan Eyckmans Mchael Fnus ISSN: 1827/336X No. 44/WP/2006 Revsed Verson July 2006 Optmal

More information

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals Internatonal Journal on Marne Navgaton and Safety of Sea Transportaton Volume 6 Number 3 September 2012 Evolutonary Sets of Safe Shp Trajectores: Evaluaton of Indvduals R. Szlapczynsk Gdansk Unversty of

More information

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CO-ORDINATION DIAPHRAGMATIC AND RIB MOVEMENT IN RESPIRATION

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CO-ORDINATION DIAPHRAGMATIC AND RIB MOVEMENT IN RESPIRATION Thorax (199),, 65. SOME OBSERVATONS ON THE CO-ORDNATON DAPHRAGMATC AND RB MOVEMENT N RESPRATON BY HERBERT HERXHEMER Surgcal Unt, Unversty College Hosptal, London Daphragm and ntercostal muscles together

More information

For models: 660 EF/EFO

For models: 660 EF/EFO Installaton Instructons Gas converson kts For models: 660 EF/EFO Part no. 660NGKIT/660LPKIT Warnng: Ths kt must be nstalled by a qualfed nstaller n accordance wth these nstructons and all applcable codes

More information

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION. Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION. Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE THIRTEENTH REGULAR SESSION Rarotonga, Cook Islands 9-17 August, 2017 Relatve abundance of yellowfn tuna for the purse sene and handlne fsheres operatng n the Phlppnes Moro Gulf (Regon

More information

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Plannng of producton and utlty systems under unt performance degradaton

More information

Supporting Online Material for

Supporting Online Material for www.scencemag.org/cg/content/full/315/5820/1846/dc1 Supportng Onlne Materal for Cascadng Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean Ransom A. Myers, Jula K. Baum,* Travs D. Shepherd,

More information

ITRS 2013 Silicon Platforms + Virtual Platforms = An explosion in SoC design by Gary Smith

ITRS 2013 Silicon Platforms + Virtual Platforms = An explosion in SoC design by Gary Smith ITRS 2013 Slcon Platforms + Vrtual Platforms = An exploson n SoC desgn by Gary Smth 2013 2013 Gary Gary Smth Smth EDA, EDA, Inc. Inc. All All Rghts Rghts Reserved. Reserved. 1 The Fve Desgn Constrants

More information

PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19. MICHAEL FINUS * University of Hagen and National University of Singapore

PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19. MICHAEL FINUS * University of Hagen and National University of Singapore Journal of Appled Economcs. Vol IX, No. 1 (May 2006), 19-47 PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS 19 PERMIT TRADING AND STABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS JUAN-CARLOS

More information

Comprehensive evaluation research of volleyball players athletic ability based on Fuzzy mathematical model

Comprehensive evaluation research of volleyball players athletic ability based on Fuzzy mathematical model ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 3 Comprehensve evaluaton research of volleyball players athletc ablty based on Fuzzy mathematcal model Shangbn L, Peyu Zhao, Yngshuang Lu, Lxn Wu* Physcal Educaton Department,

More information

RADIAL STIFFNESS OF A BICYCLE WHEEL AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

RADIAL STIFFNESS OF A BICYCLE WHEEL AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ADIAL TIFFE OF A BICYCLE WHEEL - A AALYTICAL TUDY José aría ínguez Dpto. de Físca Aplcada II Facultad de Cenca y Tecnología Unversdad del País Vasco Aptdo. 644 488 Blbao PAI Emal: osemara.mnguez@ehu.es

More information

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA Hgh Speed 128-bt BCD Archtecture Usng CLA J.S.V.Sa Prasanth 1, Y.Yamn Dev 2 PG Student [VLSI&ES], Dept. of ECE, Swamy Vvekananda Engneerng College, Kalavara, Andhrapradesh, Inda 1 Assstant Professor, Dept.

More information

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. Ths document s downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technologcal Unversty Lbrary, Sngapore. Ttle capacty analyss usng smulaton Author(s) Ctaton Huang, Shell Yng; Hsu, Wen Jng; He, Yuxong; Song, Tancheng; De

More information

Endogenous Minimum Participation in International Environmental Agreements: An Experimental Analysis

Endogenous Minimum Participation in International Environmental Agreements: An Experimental Analysis Endogenous Mnmum Partcaton n Internatonal Envronmental Agreements: An Exermental Analyss Davd M. McEvoy Deartment of Economcs, Aalachan State Unversty, Boone NC, USA Todd L. Cherry Deartment of Economcs,

More information

Applications on openpdc platform at Washington State University

Applications on openpdc platform at Washington State University Applcatons on openpdc platform at Washngton State Unversty Chuanln Zhao Ebrahm Rezae Man V. Venkatasubramanan Washngton State Unversty Pullman WA WSU projects OMS - Oscllaton Montorng System Stand-alone

More information

Lake Clarity Model: Development of Updated Algorithms to Define Particle Aggregation and Settling in Lake Tahoe

Lake Clarity Model: Development of Updated Algorithms to Define Particle Aggregation and Settling in Lake Tahoe Lake Clarty Model: Development of Updated Algorthms to Defne Partcle Aggregaton and Settlng n Lake Tahoe Goloka B. Sahoo S. Geoffrey Schladow John E. Reuter Danel Nover Davd Jassby Lake Clarty Model Weather

More information

LSSVM Model for Penetration Depth Detection in Underwater Arc Welding Process

LSSVM Model for Penetration Depth Detection in Underwater Arc Welding Process ISS 1746-7659, England, UK Journal of Informaton and Computng Scence Vol. 5, o. 4, 2010, pp. 271-278 LSSVM Model for Penetraton Depth Detecton n Underwater Arc Weldng Process WeMn Zhang 1, 2, GuoRong Wang

More information

Stability Analysis for the Design of 5000-Tonnes Offshore Work Barge

Stability Analysis for the Design of 5000-Tonnes Offshore Work Barge Internatonal Journal of Engneerng and echnology Volume No. 9, September, Stablty Analyss for the Desgn of 5-onnes Offshore Work arge Ntonye Samson a, Ezenwa Ogbonnaya b, uve Ejabefo a a Department of arne

More information

11. Contract or Grant No. Lubbock, Texas

11. Contract or Grant No. Lubbock, Texas Tee hnalr c eport D ocwnentaton Page 1. ReportNo. 2. Government Accesson No.. Recpent's Catalog No. TX -917-951-S. Ttle and Subttle 5. Report Date Proposed Geometrc Desgn for Two-Lane, Two-Way Hghway ntermttent

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces Mass Spectrometry Fundamental GC-MS GC-MS Interfaces Wherever you see ths symbol, t s mportant to access the on-lne course as there s nteractve materal that cannot be fully shown n ths reference manual.

More information

OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM. Robert M. Saltzman, San Francisco State University

OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM. Robert M. Saltzman, San Francisco State University OPTIMAL LINE-UPS FOR A YOUTH SOCCER LEAGUE TEAM Robert M. Saltzman, San Francsco State Unversty ABSTRACT Coaches n some dvsons of the Amercan Youth Soccer Organzaton (AYSO) are asked to fll out ther team

More information