Chapter : Linear Motion 1

Transcription

1 Te: Chaper Think and Eplain: 1-3 Think and Sole: --- Chaper : Linear Moion 1 NAME: Vocabulary: disance, displacemen, ime, consan speed, consan elociy, aerage, insananeous, magniude, ecor, scalar, acceleraion Equaions: s = d = Δ a = Δ a = f i Conersions: 1 km = 1000 m 1 m = 100 cm 1 hr = 3600 s Key Objecies: Conceps Define and correcly use he erms lised aboe. Sae he unis of disance (displacemen), ime, speed (elociy), and acceleraion. Undersand he relaionship beween he direcion (+/-) of elociy and acceleraion and wheher or no an objec is speeding up or slowing down. Deermine wha quaniy is represened by he slope of a posiion s. ime graph. Deermine wha quaniy is represened by he slope of a elociy s. ime graph. Recognize and be able o skech he posiion s. ime graphs for basic moions (sopped, consan speed forward, consan speed backward, speeding up forward, speeding up backward, slowing down forward, slowing down backward). Recognize and be able o skech he elociy s. ime graphs for basic moions (sopped, consan speed forward, consan speed backward, speeding up forward, speeding up backward, slowing down forward, slowing down backward). Recognize and be able o skech he acceleraion s. ime graphs for basic moions (sopped, consan speed forward, consan speed backward, speeding up forward, speeding up backward, slowing down forward, slowing down backward). Recognize and be able o skech he posiion s. ime and elociy s. ime graphs for an objec ha speeds up and hen slows down. Recognize and be able o skech he posiion s. ime and elociy s. ime graphs for an objec ha changes direcion. Gien a posiion s. ime graph, deermine direcions of rael, signs of acceleraion, and speeding up or slowing down. Gien a elociy s. ime graph, deermine direcions of rael, signs of acceleraion, and speeding up or slowing down. Problem Soling Recognize wha equaion o use in a word problem. Correcly use each of he equaions lised aboe. Coner beween meers, km and cm. Coner beween hours, minues and seconds

2

3 Purpose: Lab 2-1: Consan Speed NAME: 1. To define he phrase consan speed. 2. To accuraely measure he speed of a oy car and hen make predicions Maerials: 1 car 1 sopwach 1 meer sick ape Procedure: 1. Howeer you like, deermine he speed of your car. Keep in mind ha how well you deermine his number will affec your grade. We srongly sugges you do muliple rials and aerage resuls. Record your daa and show your calculaions in he space proided below. 2. When you hae calculaed he speed of your car, see your eacher. A he fron of he room are wo ape marks on he floor a se disance apar - ask your eacher for his disance. Then calculae he ime i will ake your car o rael ha disance. Show your work in he space proided below. 3. When you hae calculaed he ime o rael he gien disance, see your eacher for he final es and hand in your lab shee (jus one per group - make sure all names are on i.) When old o, place your car a he sar line (wheels on he line) and your eacher will hen ime how long i akes your car o rael he se disance. Your grade is based on how close your calculaed ime comes o he acual ime. Par 1: Deermine he speed of your car. Daa: The speed of our car is m/s. Par 2: Deermine he ime o rael he disance gien. Calculaions: Disance To Trael: m Our calculaed ime is s. The acual ime is s.

4 Consan Speed Problems NAME: 1. Mr. Bradford walks around a 400 meer rack in 5 minues. a. Wha is his speed in m/s? b. If he coninues wih he same speed, how long will i ake him o complee four laps? c. How long will i ake Mr. Bradford o walk one kilomeer a his pace? 2. A car raels wih a consan speed of 30 m/s for 1/2 hour. How far does i rael? 3. A hiker raels for 40 minues wih a consan speed of 1.25 m/s. a. Wha disance does he coer during his ime? b. If he hiker walked wice as fas, how long would i ake him o walk he same disance? 4. Liam sands a he rim of he Grand Canyon and yodels down o he boom. He hears his yodel echo back from he canyon floor 5.20 s laer. Assume ha he speed of sound is 340 m/s. How deep is he canyon a his locaion? 5. Imagine you hae a consan speed and ha you rael 100 meers in some amoun of ime. a. If you raeled for wice as long, how far would you rael? b. If you raeled four imes as long, how far would you rael? c. Wha if you only raled for half he ime - how far would go? 6. Imagine you hae o rael a cerain fied disance and ha i ook you 30 minues o go ha disance wih a cerain consan speed. a. If you wen wice as fas, how long would i ake? b. If you wen wih 1/3 of he speed, how long would i ake? c. If you wen 2.5 imes as fas, how long would i ake? Answers: 1. a) 1.33 m/s b) 20 minues c) 750 seconds 2) 54,000 m 3. a) 3000 m b) 20 min 4) 884 m 5. a) 200 m b) 400 m c) 50 m 6. a) 15 min b) 90 min c) 12 min

5 Purpose: Pre-Lab 2-2: Moion Deecors To learn how o use Logger Pro and he moion deecors in lab. NAME: Maerials: 1 small bo 1 meer sick 1 moion deecor 1 soda can Procedure: 1. Make sure he moion deecor is plugged ino he "DIG 1" por on he Lab Ques. (I is on he side of he Lab Ques, under a flappy coer.) Make sure he Lab Ques is plugged ino an oule AND ha i is plugged ino he compuer wih a USB cable. This is he las ime we will eer poin ou hese hings in a lab - so please, in he fuure if somehing doesn' seem o be working, make sure eeryhing is plugged in. 2. Sar up Logger Pro. When you wan o ake daa, click on he green buon marked "Collec" in he upper righ corner of he window. Click i a few imes o see wha happens. 3. Se up he moion deecor and meer sick on he lab able as shown below. Make sure ha he swich on he moion deecor is se o he car and no he ball. Also make sure ha he "0" on he meer sick is a he moion deecor. Ensure ha NOTHING else is on he lab able. Use a lile ape o make sure he meer sick doesn' accidenally moe. moion deecor bo meer sick lab able 4. Now he deails of he lab are up o you! You hae o answer he following quesions: A. Wha is he closes an objec can be o he moion deecor for Logger Pro o accuraely measure is posiion? B. How accurae and repeaable is Logger Pro a calculaing a posiion? Be careful wih his - you will probably find ha Logger Pro gies a slighly differen posiion han you did wih he meer sick - bu do you noice anyhing abou hese small differences? C. Do objecs hae o be direcly in fron of he moion deecor in order o be deeced? Daa: Conclusions:

6

7 Purpose: Lab 2-2: Consan Velociy 1. To learn how o use Logger Pro and he moion deecors in lab. 2. To define he erm elociy. 3. To differeniae beween speed and elociy. Maerials: 1 car 1 moion deecor NAME: Procedure: 1. Sar up Logger Pro and open he file "02_Car.cmbl". Your eacher will show you how o do his. If you were no paying aenion, look on he board as i is probably wrien down here. 2. Se up he moion deecor on he lab able as shown below. Make sure ha he swich on he moion deecor is se o he car and no he ball. Place he car so ha i can drie away from he moion deecor. Don' urn on he car ye. lab able 3. Make sure someone is ready o cach he car if i goes off he edge of he able. Click on he "Collec" buon o sar recording daa. Once you hear he moion deecor making noise, urn on he car. Don' le i fall off he able. 4. Assuming he car was lined up wih he moion deecor, you should hae wo relaiely nice graphs on your screen ha look similar o he graphs below. On he graph shown aboe, draw erical lines hrough BOTH graphs ha break he moion ino he following four pars (and label hem): i. car is a res, urned off ii. he car is being urned on and speeding up iii. he car is moing wih a consan speed i. he car is being caugh or sopped and hen waiing for he deecor o sop 5. We will use he moion deecors a lo in his class, and we will always be measuring a slope of a graph. There will ALWAYS be a lo of "era suff" in he graphs made by Logger Pro ha we will ignore. We will ofen simply ask you o skech he appropriae par of he graphs ino your lab. For his lab, in your daa secion, skech (including labels and unis) he graphs of posiion s ime and elociy s ime while he car was moing wih a consan speed. 6. On YOUR posiion s ime graph, deermine he slope of he line while he car was moing wih a consan speed by highlighing he middle half of ha region of he side 1

8 Lab 2-2: Consan Velociy NAME: graph. Then click on he buon labeled "Linear Fi". Wrie down he slope of he line, including unis ne o he skech you made in he daa able. When a graph is horizonal, don' boher doing a linear fi - jus call he slope zero. 7. We will NEVER use he y-inercep calculaed by Logger Pro when using he moion deecors. They will ALWAYS be nonsense because a ime of zero will always be way before he par of he graph we care abou. Howeer, you should hink abou wha he inercep should be, if we imagine ime saring when we care abou he daa. 8. Repea he aboe o find he graphs of posiion and elociy s ime when he car is going wih a consan speed, bu heading owards he moion deecor. (i.e. sar he car a he oher end of he able.) Daa: Car moing away from he moion deecor: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = Car moing owards he moion deecor: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = Quesions: 1. Wha are he definiions of speed and elociy? 2. You made 4 graphs. Wha were he equaions ha describe hose graphs? 3. Compare and conras he wo posiion graphs. 4. Compare and conras he wo elociy graphs. 5. You hae used hese cars before. You know hey rael wih a consan speed. How do hese graphs show ha consan speed? 6. How does speed relae o elociy? side 2

9 Aerage Speed Problems NAME: Conceps A. Wha is mean by he erm insananeous speed? How abou insananeous elociy? B. Use he word insananeous o eplain wha is mean by he erms consan speed and consan elociy. C. Define he phrase aerage speed - gie a words definiion and a mah definiion. D. If all you know is how far somehing raeled and how long i ook, which of he following could you calculae? aerage speed consan speed insananeous speed E. If all you know is he aerage speed of somehing and he ime i moed, which of he following can you calculae? disance raeled consan speed insananeous speed F. If all you know is he consan speed of somehing and he ime i moed, which of he following can you calculae? disance raeled aerage speed insananeous speed Problems 1. Le's say you moe from Poin A o Poin B wih a consan speed of 15 m/s for 10 seconds. a. How far did you rael? b. Could you hae sped up or slowed down a any poin during he 10 seconds? c. How fas were going a he 3 second mark? How abou he 5 second mark? d. Wha was your aerage speed for he enire 10 seconds? 2. Now le's say you moe from Poin A o Poin B wih an aerage speed of 15 m/s for 10 seconds. a. How far did you rael? b. Could you hae sped up or slowed down a any poin during he 10 seconds? c. How fas were going a he 3 second mark? How abou he 5 second mark? side 1

10 Aerage Speed Problems NAME: 3. You rael o Concord (10 km away) in 45 minues, hrough a lo of raffic. Wha was your aerage speed for he rip in m/s? 4. Imagine you walked 10 meers in 15 seconds, hen anoher 10 meers in only 5 seconds. a. Wha was your aerage speed for he firs 10 meers? b. Wha was your aerage speed for he second 10 meers? c. Wha was your aerage speed for he whole 20 meers? 5. You walk 200 m down a hallway a 1.2 m/s and hen run anoher 200 m a 2.5 m/s. a. How many seconds does i ake you o rael he enire 400 m? b. Wha was your aerage speed for his enire rip? 6. You drie down he highway a 30 m/s for 20 minues and hen drie for an addiional 10 km a a speed of 15 m/s. a. Wha was he oal disance you raeled? b. Wha was he oal ime you raeled? c. Wha was your aerage speed for he enire rip? Answers: 1. a) 150 m b) no c) boh 15 m/s d) 15 m/s 2. a) 150 m b) sure! c) can' ell eiher 3) 3.7 m/s 4. a) 0.67 m/s b) 2.0 m/s c) 1.0 m/s 5. a) 247 s b) 1.62 m/s 6. a) 46 km b) 1867 s c) 24.6 m/s side 2

11 Velociy Conceps NAME: Conceps 1. Wha is he difference beween elociy and speed? 2. Can wo differen objecs hae he same speed, bu differen elociies? Eplain. 3. Can wo differen objecs hae he same elociies, bu differen speeds? Eplain. 4. Can you hae a consan speed, bu no a consan elociy? Eplain. 5. Can you hae a consan elociy, bu no a consan speed? Eplain. 6. When are speed and elociy he same hing? 7. Car A moes 20 meers eery 2 seconds while Car B moes 40 meers eery 4 seconds. Which car is faser? Suppor your answer. 8. Person A raels 40 meers eery 20 seconds whilc Person B raels 60 meers eery 40 seconds. Which person is faser? Suppor your answer. 9. If you are old an objec's elociy, can you figure ou is speed? 10. If you are old an objec's speed, can you figure ou is elociy? Problems 11. Which of he following posiion s ime graphs shows a consan posiie elociy? a. b. c. d. e. side 1

12 Velociy Conceps 12. Based on he posiion s ime graphs o he righ: a. Which of he graphs would be going he fases? b. Which wo graphs hae he same speed? c. Which graph shows a zero elociy? NAME: A B C D 13. Based on he posiion s ime graphs o he righ: a. Which of he graphs would be going he fases? b. Which of he graphs hae he same speed? (Why no he same elociy?) c. Which of he graphs is moing backwards? 14. Based on he posiion s ime graphs o he righ: a. Which of he graphs hae a consan elociy? A A B C D b. Which of he graphs show somehing moing backwards? c. Which graph shows a zero elociy? d. Wha is happening in cure B? B C D e. Wha is happening in cure D? 15. There are hree differen moions in he graph below. For each moion, calculae he elociy. 60 A X (m) B C (s) A) B) C) side 2

13 Purpose: Lab 2-3: Consan Acceleraion 1. To define he erm acceleraion. 2. To eamine he moion graphs for an objec ha is speeding up. 3. To eamine he moion graphs for an objec ha is slowing down. Maerials: 1 rack 1 moion car NAME: Procedure: 1. Sar up Logger Pro and open he file "02_Car.cmbl". 2. Using a sand and clamp, arrange he rack a a small angle. Place he moion deecor a he op of he rack, facing downhill. 3. There are four ses of moion graphs you hae o make. Two will show he car saring from res and speeding up (i.e. holding he car a he op of he rack and leing i go.) The oher wo will show he car slowing o a sop (i.e. saring he car a he boom of he rack, gie i a brief shoe so ha i goes up close o he op of he rack.) In addiion, you will hae wo ses of graphs where he moion deecor was a he op of he rack looking down, and wo ses of graphs in which he moion deecor was a he boom of he rack looking up. Please don' eer le hings crash ino he moion deecor. Each ime, idenify he porion of he graphs ha show he car eiher speeding up or slowing down. Skech he graphs in he daa secion - and if a line is sraigh, include he slope. Daa: Car moing down he ramp, away from he moion deecor: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = Car moing down he ramp, owards he moion deecor: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = Car moing up he ramp, owards he moion deecor: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = side 1

14 Lab 2-3: Consan Acceleraion Car moing up he ramp, away from he moion deecor: NAME: slope = slope = inercep = inercep = Quesions: Analyzing he posiion graphs. 1. You hae 4 posiion graphs. How are hey all differen from he posiion graphs you made in he preious lab? 2. Compare and conras he wo posiion graphs showing speeding up. 3. Compare and conras he wo posiion graphs showing slowing down. Analyzing he elociy graphs. 4. You also hae 4 elociy graphs. How are hey all differen from he elociy graphs you made in he preious lab? 5. Compare and conras he wo elociy graphs showing speeding up. 6. Compare and conras he wo elociy graphs showing slowing down. 7. Compare and conras he slopes of all he elociy graphs. Summaries 8. Wha is he definiion of acceleraion? 9. Wha were he four equaions ha described your four elociy graphs? 10. Can an objec hae a posiie acceleraion and be slowing down or a negaie acceleraion and be speeding up? Eplain. side 2

15 Lab 2-4: Moion Graphs NAME: Purpose: To learn he posiion s ime and elociy s ime graphs formed by he seen basic moions. Procedure: 1) Se up he moion deecor so ha i faces an open area of he room where a person can walk back and forh. Open Logger Pro and under File choose Open..., open folder Eperimens, hen Physics wih Vernier and hen he file 01a Graph Maching.mbl. You should see a screen like his 2) On he firs empy graph and descripion below, skech wha you hink he graph will look like in a ligh color. Keep in mind ha moing away from he deecor is posiie and owards is negaie. Now sand in fron of he moion deecor holding he big square, click on he collec buon and when you hear he clicking perform he moion described. 3) When he clicking sops look a he graph ha has been creaed on he compuer and copy i ono your lab in a darker color. Your acual graphs will be squiggly ry and focus on he rend behind he squiggles. 4) Now repea for each of he posiion graphs. Sopped Away consan speed Towards consan speed Away speeding up Towards speeding up Away slowing down Towards slowing down side 1

16 Lab 2-4: Moion Graphs NAME: 5) To look a elociy graphs you need o change he erical ais on he compuer graph o elociy. Click on he erical ais ile posiion and selec elociy from he drop down lis. Se he erical ais scale o 2 and 2. The graph on he compuer should now be elociy s ime. Now complee he following graphs in he same manner as he posiion graphs earlier Sopped Away consan speed Towards consan speed Away speeding up Towards speeding up Away slowing down Towards slowing down 6) Wha shape are he posiion and elociy graphs when you moe wih a consan speed? X s : V s : 7) Wha shape are he posiion and elociy graphs when you moe wih a changing speed? X s : V s : 8) For he posiion graphs: a) Wha do all he posiion graphs ha show moing away hae in common? b) Wha do all he posiion graphs ha show moing owards hae in common? c) Wha do all he posiion graphs ha show speeding up hae in common? d) Wha do all he posiion graphs ha show slowing down hae in common? 9) For he elociy graphs: a) Wha do all he elociy graphs ha show moing away hae in common? b) Wha do all he elociy graphs ha show moing owards hae in common? c) Wha do all he elociy graphs ha show speeding up hae in common? d) Wha do all he elociy graphs ha show slowing down hae in common? side 2

17 Acceleraion Concep Shee NAME: To help ge a beer undersanding of he difference beween speed and acceleraion, le s imagine aking a snapsho of where an objec is once eery single second for seeral seconds. For his shee, le s also keep hings a lile sraighforward and always say ha he picures show hings moing o he righ, and neer going backwards. Quesions 1 o 5 refer o he following picure. Sar 1. Wha is rue abou he disance beween each posiion? 2. Wha is rue abou he aerage speed beween each posiion? 3. Skech wha i would look like if i was going wice as fas: 4. Skech wha i would look like if i was going half as fas: 5. If an objec has a consan speed wha is happening? (In oher words, wha is mean by he phrase consan speed? Quesions 6 o 7 refer o he following picure. Somehing ery imporan is differen. Sar 6. Wha is rue abou he disance beween each posiion? 7. Wha is rue abou he aerage speed beween each posiion? 8. Was his speeding up or slowing down. How do you know? side 1

18 Quesions 9 o 11 refer o he following picure. Acceleraion Concep Shee NAME: Sar 9. Wha is rue abou he disance beween each posiion? 10. Wha is rue abou he aerage speed beween each posiion? 11. Was his speeding up or slowing down. How do you know? Quesions 12 o 14 refer o he following picure. Sar 12. Wha is rue abou he disance beween each posiion? 13. Wha is rue abou he aerage speed beween each posiion? 14. Was his speeding up or slowing down (Be careful!) How do you know? 15. Where was i going he fases? How abou he slowes? Quesions 16 o 20 refer o he graph shown o he righ. 16. Describe he moion shown by he graph. 17. Each second, how much faser is he objec moing? V (kph) Wha is he slope of he graph? (s) 19. Wha is he acceleraion of he objec? 20. Wha could he objec be? side 2

19 Acceleraion Problems NAME: Basic Conceps 1. Wha is mean by he erm acceleraion? 2. Wha is he mahemaical definiion of acceleraion? 3. Wha are hree ways you can accelerae? 4. If you hae an acceleraion of 0, wha mus you be doing? Problems 1. If you are driing along and he speedomeer always reads 20 mph, could you be acceleraing? Eplain? 2. Wha mus be happening o your elociy for you o be eperiencing a consan acceleraion? 3. If a cheeah can mainain a consan elociy of 25 m/s, wha is he cheeah s acceleraion? 4. A car iniially a res speeds up by 3.0 m/s eery second for 15 seconds. a. Wha is he acceleraion of he car? b. Wha will be he car s final elociy a he end of he 15 seconds? 5. A car is raeling a 11 m/s. If i slows down a he rae of 2 m/s eery second, how fas will i be going afer 3.0 s? 6. Jack acceleraes his car from 50 km/hr o 65 km/hr in 5 seconds. Sue acceleraes her car from res o 15 km/hr in he same ime. Which one undergoes he greaes acceleraion? Eplain. side 1

20 Acceleraion Problems NAME: 7. Monica is walking o her hairdresser a 1.3 m/s when she glances a her wach and realizes ha she is going o be lae for her appoinmen. Monica gradually quickens her pace a a rae of 0.09 m/s 2. Wha is Monica s speed afer 10 seconds? Is Monica walking, jogging or running ery fas? 8. A police car has an iniial speed of 25 m/s when a solen car flies by i. To cach i, he police speeds up o 45 m/s in only 6.5 seconds. Wha was he acceleraion of he police car? 9. Saring from res, you speed up on your bike wih a consan rae of 0.8 m/s/s. a. How long will i ake you o reach a speed of 4 m/s? b. How fas will you be going afer 12 seconds? 10. A plane is flying a 300 m/s. I slows down a a rae of 2.5 m/s/s. a. How fas is i going afer 20 seconds? b. How long will i ake o reach a speed of 180 m/s? 11. A car has an iniial speed of 20 km/h and undergoes a consan acceleraion of 4 km/h/s. a. How fas is i going afer 3 seconds? b. How much oal ime would i ake o reach a speed of 80 km/h? 11. Skech a posiion s. ime graph ha would show someone speeding up. Answers o Problems 1) yes 2) change same second 3) 0 m/s/s 4 a) 3 m/s/s b) 45 m/s 5) 5 m/s 6) same 7) 2.2 m/s 8) 3.08 m/s/s 9 a) 5 s b) 9.6 m/s 10 a) 250 m/s b) 48 s 11 a) 32 km/h b) 15 s side 2

21 Simple Moion Graphs For each of he following posiion s. ime graphs, do he following: make a skech of a possible elociy s. ime for ha moion. sae wheher he moion is going forward or backward or a res. describe wheher he moion is speeding up, slowing down or consan speed. sae wheher he acceleraion is posiie, negaie or zero. NAME: side 1

22 Simple Moion Graphs For each of he following elociy s. ime graphs do he following: make a skech of a possible posiion s. ime. sae wheher he moion is going forward or backward or a res. describe wheher he moion is speeding up, slowing down or consan speed. sae wheher he acceleraion is posiie, negaie or zero. NAME: side 2

23 Lab 2-5: Graph Maching NAME: Purpose: 1. To correcly inerpre graphs of posiion s. ime and elociy s. ime. 2. To correcly mach posiion s. ime and elociy s. ime graphs by walking in fron of a moion deecor. Procedure: 1. You will hae o analyze four differen moion graphs and hen ry and creae an idenical graph by walking in fron of a moion deecor. There are wo posiion s. ime graphs and hen wo elociy s. ime graphs. 2. For each graph, you mus open he gien file using Logger Pro. All he files are in he Physics wih Vernier folder of he Eperimens folder in he Logger Pro folder. Screen shos of each of hem are shown below. Each graph has a combinaion of moions you need o eplain wha each secion of he moion means e.g. Sanding sill 3 meers away from he moion deecor or Moing owards he moion deecor wih a consan speed of 1.25 m/s. You may hae o do some form of calculaion o come up wih he appropriae number. 3. Once you hae analyzed a graph, ry and creae ha moion by walking in fron of he moion deecor. I will probably ake a couple aemps o ge i righ. Once you hae done i, ask your eacher if you can prin i. If i is ok, prin i by choosing Prin Graph under he File menu. (If you jus say Prin i will also prin ou a daa able, which is no needed.) 4. Repea for he ne hree graphs, and hen answer he quesions in he conclusion. Graph 1: 01b Graph Maching.mbl Describe he moion for each ineral 0 < < 1 speed = & direcion = 1 < < 3 speed = & direcion = 3 < < 6 speed = & direcion = 6 < < 7.4 speed = & direcion = 7.4 < < 10 speed = & direcion = side 1

24 Graph 2: 01c Graph Maching.mbl Lab 2-5: Graph Maching NAME: Describe he moion for each ineral: 0 < < 2 speed = & direcion = 3 < < 4 speed = & direcion = 4 < < 5 speed = & direcion = 5 < < 7 speed = & direcion = 7 < < 10 speed = & direcion = Graph 3: 01d Graph Maching.mbl Describe he moion for each ineral: 0 < < 2 speed = & direcion = 2 < < 5 speed = & direcion = 5 < < 7 speed = & direcion = 7 < < 10 speed = & direcion = side 2

25 Graph 4: 01e Graph Maching.mbl Lab 2-5: Graph Maching NAME: Describe he moion for each ineral: 0 < < 4 speed = & direcion = 4 < < 6 speed = & direcion = 6 < < 10 speed = & direcion = Conclusions: Graphs 1 & 2: Posiion s. Time 1. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a posiion s. ime graph is zero? 2. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a posiion s. ime graph is consan? 3. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a posiion s. ime graph is changing? 4. In his lab, wha does a posiie slope on a posiion s. ime graph mean? 5. In his lab, wha does a negaie slope on a posiion s. ime graph mean? Graphs 3 & 4: Velociy s. Time 1. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a elociy s. ime graph is zero? 2. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a elociy s. ime graph is consan? 3. Wha ype of moion is happening when he slope of a elociy s. ime graph is changing? 4. In his lab, wha does a posiie elociy mean? 5. In his lab, wha does a negaie elociy mean? side 3

26

27 Moion Graphs NAME: 1. For he posiion s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? X b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec going he fases? a b c d e f g h 2. For he posiion s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? X b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec speeding up? e. Where is he objec slowing down? a b c d e f g 3. For he posiion s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? X b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec speeding up? e. Where is he objec slowing down? a b c d e f g h i side 1

28 Moion Graphs NAME: 4. For he elociy s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? V b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec going he fases? a b c d e f g i 6. For he elociy s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? V b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec speeding up? e. Where is he objec slowing down? a b c d e f g f. Where is he acceleraion posiie? g. Where is he acceleraion negaie? 7. For he elociy s ime graph o he righ: a. Where is he objec a res? V b. Where is he objec going forwards? c. Where is he objec going backwards? d. Where is he objec speeding up? e. Where is he objec slowing down? a b c d e f g f. Where is he acceleraion posiie? g. Where is he acceleraion negaie? side 2

29 Lab 2-6: Toy Car NAME Purpose: 1. To analyze he moion of a oy car speeding up and slowing down across he floor by making he following graphs: posiion s. ime, aerage elociy s. ime, and aerage acceleraion s. ime. 2. To define he following erms: acceleraion, aerage acceleraion, consan acceleraion Discussion: In preious labs, we looked a he moion of someone raeling wih a consan speed, and of a car speeding up. This lab eends hose ideas by analyzing he moion of somehing speeding up, hen slowing down, and finally coming o res. Maerials: l oy car ~1.5 meers of icker ape l do machine w/carbon paper circle 1 piece of masking ape Procedure: 1. Aach he icker ape o he roof of he car. 2. Pull he car back o wind up he spring; pull any loose icker ape paper back hrough he do machine so ha here is no slack in he ape. Your objecie is o le he car go and hae he ape sill in he do machine when he car has sopped. 3. Turn on he do machine and release he car. Make sure he do machine does no moe. Release he car. Shu he machine off when he car has sopped. If he car wen so far ha he ape came hrough he machine, repea he eperimen bu don wind he car up as much. Make sure you can see dos (or a leas he impressions of he dos) on he whole ape! 4. Remoe he srip from he car and mark i as follows: Saring from he cleares indiidual do a he sar of he ape, pu a line hrough eery 6h do on he srip. This will represen a ime ineral of 0.1 seconds, since he do machine his he paper 60 imes each second. Do his for he whole rip. 5. Measure he disance from he firs line (ime = 0) o each ineral. Record your daa in he able below. If you need more room, make era columns somewhere on his paper. = measure hese disances Daa: ime (s) posiion (cm) ime (s) posiion (cm) ime (s) posiion (cm) side 1

30 Lab 2-6: Toy Car NAME Graph: Use Logger Pro o make he following graphs: Posiion s. Time and Velociy s. Time. (Noe: your eacher will show you how o make he elociy graph.) Be sure o pu a ile on each graph and label he ais and is unis. On he elociy graph, pu in wo regression lines, one showing he speeding up porion and he oher showing he slowing down. Afer prining he graphs, use a pen or pencil o skech he bes cures ha fi he daa. (Secions may be sraigh.) Conclusion: 1. For he graph of Posiion s. Time: a. On he graph, mark he regions ha show he car speeding up and hen slowing down. b. Wha happens o he slope of his cure and how does i relae o he elociy of he car? (Consider boh he magniude and he sign of he slope.) c. How does he curiness of he graph relae o wheher he car is speeding up or slowing down? 2. For he graph of Velociy s. Time: a. On he graph, mark he regions ha show he car speeding up and hen slowing down. b. Wha does he slope of he elociy s. ime graph ell you? 3. a. Wha was he aerage acceleraion of he car while speeding up? b. Wha was he aerage acceleraion of he car while slowing down? 4. Is i possible o hae a negaie acceleraion, ye sill be moing forward? Eplain. 5. The elociy of he car was changing, bu always posiie. Would our lab seup hae worked if he car had a negaie elociy a some poin? Eplain. 6. Wha is he difference beween elociy and speed? side 2