2015 SENIOR TACK & EQUIPMENT

Transcription

1 2015 SENIOR TACK & EQUIPMENT EASY 6119 (easy) HH33 Q: Name one thing a poor fitting saddle causes. A: Sores, saddle rolling during mounting/dismounting, saddle slipping/sliding during use, horse bucking, horse head tossing, cinchiness 6120 (easy) HH27 Q: What are hobbles? A: Straps fastened to the front legs of a horse to prevent him from straying 6121 (easy) HIH Q: Which type martingale has rings through which the reins pass? A: Running 6122 (easy) HIH Q: The upper end of a standing martingale connects to what part of the bridle? A: Cavesson or noseband 6123 (easy) HH34 Q: Why should you clean your tack after use? A: To remove dirt or sweat 6124 (easy) HH34 Q: What practice can add to the use & life of any leather article? A: Regular cleaning 6125 (easy) HIH Q: What bit is capable of acting as two bits in one mouthpiece? With two sets of reins, you have both snaffle & curb action? A: Pelham (do not accept Kimberwicke which only uses one set of reins) 6126 (easy) HIH Q: What is the mildest type of snaffle? A: Bar mouthpiece 6127 (easy) HH34 Q: What is the main problem with stiff or dried out leather tack? A: It's brittle & will crack easily 6128 (easy) HH30 Q: What kind of bit is a Tom Thumb? A: Jointed curb 6129 (easy) HIH Q: Define port. A: The part of the bit mouthpiece that curves up over the tongue OR the bump in the middle of the mouthpiece of a curb bit

2 6130 (easy) HH29 Q: What is a snaffle key bit? A: Snaffle bit with small metal pieces dangling from the center (additional info -- used in training colts) 6131 (easy) HH30 Q: How should a horse respond to a curb bit? A: By flexing at the poll 6132 (easy) HH31 Q: How can you remove rust spots from a bit? A: Use steel wool 6133 (easy) HIH Q: What was the original purpose of the horn on a Western saddle? A: To hold roped calves/cows (dally) 6134 (easy) HH34 Q: Which type saddle does not necessarily require a saddle pad? A: English 6135 (easy) H4-35/FCH395 Q: A strap or rope feet long that's used to circle or work a horse is called what? A: Longe line 6136 (easy) HH34 Q: What is the purpose of splint boots? A: To protect or support the splint &/or cannon bones 6137 (easy) HH34 Q: What type boots protect the back of the rear fetlocks from abrasions during sliding movements? A: Skid boots or sliding boots 6138 (easy) HIH Q: Which piece of tack is used to keep the saddle from slipping forward when going downhill? A: Breeching OR crupper 6139 (easy) HIH Q: Which piece of tack is used to keep the saddle from sliding backward when going uphill? A: Breast collar 6140 (easy) HIH Q: Give 2 general purposes of whips & crops. A: Giving cues, punishment, appointments 6141 (easy) HIH Q: Fender, D-ring, skirt & front jockey are all parts of what? A: Western saddle

3 6142 (easy) HIH1100-2,4 Q: The rider sits in the deepest part of the saddle between what 2 parts? A: Pommel & cantle 6143 (easy) HIH1125-3,1100 Q: What type of saddle would most likely be used with a double-rigged cinch? A: Pack saddle (sawbuck or cross buck) OR roping saddle (only need to give one) 6144 (easy) HIH Q: What part of the Western saddle should you consider first when fitting your horse? A: Tree 6145 (easy) HH29 Q: What is the term for a girth-like band passed over the horse's back & around the belly? It s used along with a bridle in ground training horses. A: Surcingle 6146 (easy) HIH Q: Where on a horse should the girth of an English saddle be? A: Heartgirth area OR belly area directly behind the front legs 6147 (easy) HIH Q: What part of a bit enables it to be classified as a leverage bit? A: Shanks 6148 (easy) HIH Q: Describe a non-leverage bit. A: Bit without shanks (example: a snaffle bit) 6149 (easy) HIH Q: What is the name for the flexible quirt that's attached to California-style reins? A: Romal 6150 (easy) HIH Q: A TRUE Navajo saddle blanket is made from what material? A: Wool 6151 (easy) HH34 Q: What are 2 meanings of the term "jockey"? A: Person who rides racehorses; small flaps on each side of the saddle 6152 (easy) HH54 Q: For safety, what MUST a rider wear while jumping? A: Helmet 6153 (easy) HH29 Q: What is a mecate? A: Lead rope on a hackamore

4 6154 (easy) HIH Q: Name 2 types of hackamores. A: Bosal, mechanical, side pull 6155 (easy) HIH Q: What 2 bits does the double bridle use? A: Snaffle/Bridoon & curb/weymouth 6156 (easy) HIH Q: Where are most Western saddles produced? A: United States 6157 (easy) HIH Q: If a bit is too wide & slides back & forth, what results? A: Lack of control OR confusing rein signals OR can hurt horse s mouth (only need to give one) 6158 (easy) HIH Q: The primary goal of the pleasure saddle is what? A: Comfort 6159 (easy) HIH Q: Which curb bit is considered to be the most severe? A: Spade 6160 (easy) BEG108 Q: What is the name of the strap commonly seen on a Western bridle but not on a simple English bridle? A: Curb strap or curb chain 6161 (easy) HIH Q: What type saddle would you use with a Navajo blanket? A: Western or stock saddle 6162 (easy) HH27/DET141 Q: What is the proper name for the eye formed on the end of the lariat through which the rope is passed for form a loop? A: Honda 6163 (easy) HIH Q: 2 part question: What is the part of the bit mouthpiece that curves up over the tongue & what is its purpose? A: Port; purpose relieves tongue pressure OR applies pressure to roof of mouth (accept either) 6164 (easy) HIH Q: What part of the bridle keeps the crownpiece from sliding down the horse's neck? A: Browband 6165 (easy) HIH1100-8/BEG108-3L Q: Besides the mouth, name two other places where a leverage bit applies pressure. A: Poll; under chin/curb groove

5 6166 (easy) HIH Q: What is the basic purpose of a martingale? A: To keep a horse's head in a desired position 6167 (easy) HIH Q: What type of blanket assists your horse in drying off after a workout? A: Cooler or mesh sheet 6168 (easy) HIH Q: What are the 3 main parts of the bridle? A: Reins, bit, headstall 6169 (easy) HH27 Q: Why is a breakaway stirrup important to a beginning rider? A: Allows for quick/easy release if rider falls 6170 (easy) HIH Q: What is the basic principle of a hackamore? A: Horse learns to respond to pressure on his nose & under chin 6171 (easy) HIH Q: What is the most common material used in making bits? A: Stainless steel 6172 (easy) HIH Q: Which material, when used in a bit, increases salivation? A: Copper (also accept sweet iron) 6173 (easy) HIH Q: Which English saddle has a padded knee roll to provide more security when riding? A: All purpose 6174 (easy) HIH Q: What is the English term for a tie-down? A: Standing martingale 6175 (easy) HIH Q: Which bit is more severe an egg-butt with a mouthpiece as thick as your pinkie or a D-ring with a mouthpiece as thick as your thumb? A: Eggbutt with the thinner mouthpiece 6176 (easy) HIH Q: What is the purpose of a browband? A: To keep the bridle from sliding down the horse's neck 6177 (easy) HIH Q: Describe roping reins. A: Reins that are one continuous strap (additional info -- so the rider doesn t drop the reins while roping)

6 6178 (easy) HIH Q: What is the name for a colorful woven blanket made of wool that's used with a Western saddle? A: Navajo 6179 (easy) HIH Q: What type of sheet would be used to keep flies away from your horse? A: Mesh 6180 (easy) HIH Q: What is the purpose of a back cinch on a roping saddle? A: To keep the saddle from flipping up when roping/dallying 6181 (easy) HIH Q: What type of reins is a romal attached to? A: California or closed 6182 (easy) HH34 Q: Name 2 products commonly used to keep leather soft & pliable. A: Leather oil such as neats foot oil, saddle soap, leather conditioner such as Lexol 6183 (easy) H5-35 Q: What is the name for the restraining device that's put around a horse's upper lip to make him stand still? A: Twitch 6184 (easy) HIH Q: What common piece of tack does the term "jaquima" refer to? A: Bosal or hackamore 6185 (easy) HIH1100-2,4 Q: What is the term for the wide piece of leather on an English saddle that's similar to the fender on a Western saddle? A: Flap 6186 (easy) HH29 Q: What is Spanish for lasso? A: Reata 6187 (easy) HIH Q: What is a curb chain? A: Chain strap attached to a curb bit (additional info -- applies pressure to underside of horse's jaw) 6188 (easy) HH32 Q: A forward seat saddle places the rider's weight over what part of the horse? A: Withers 6189 (easy) HIH Q: What is the function of a cavesson? A: To keep the horse's mouth closed

7 6190 (easy) HIH Q: Name at least 3 items you'll see at a tack shop. A: Saddle, bridle, blanket, halter, brushes, saddle blanket/pad, lead rope, medicines, hoofpick, apparel (accept any reasonable answer) 6191 (easy) HIH Q: Referring to outerwear for your horse, what is the purpose of a horse blanket? A: To keep the horse warm in cold weather 6192 (easy) HH29 Q: What are rowels? A: Toothed wheels on spurs 6193 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the front part of the saddle that's just below the horn? A: Pommel (also accept swells or fork) 6194 (easy) HIH Q: What is the Western version of a standing martingale? A: Tiedown 6195 (easy) HH29 Q: What is the name for the cover on a stirrup? A: Tapadera 6196 (easy) HIH Q: What does it mean to tack up? A: Put on saddle & bridle 6197 (easy) HH29/DET287 Q: What is a war bridle? A: An emergency bridle made of rope OR a come along which is made of stiff rope & is used for leading unruly horses by exerting pressure on the poll 6198 (easy) HH29 Q: Referring to saddles, what is a tree? A: Frame of the saddle 6199 (easy) H4-35/FCH395 Q: How long should a longe line be? A: About 30 feet (accept answers between feet) 6200 (easy) HIH Q: Define shank. A: The part of the bit from the mouthpiece down 6201 (easy) HH29 Q: What are the toothed wheels on spurs called? A: Rowels

8 6202 (easy) H4-35/H1-35/HH29 Q: What is a rope often made of rawhide with a running noose that's used for catching cattle? A: Lariat OR lasso 6203 (easy) HIH Q: A strap running from the girth between the front legs to the bridle is called what? A: Martingale OR tiedown 6204 (easy) HIH Q: What are the wide pieces of leather along the stirrup leather on a Western saddle called? A: Fenders 6205 (easy) HIH Q: Where is the cantle of the saddle located? A: Back of the saddle, just behind the seat 6206 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the wide cord girth used on Western saddles? A: Cinch 6207 (easy) HH20/DET54 Q: What are chaps? A: Seatless overalls (additional info -- usually made of leather used to protect the legs, keep legs warm, & used for show) 6208 (easy) H4-25 Q: What piece of equipment other than the longe line & halter might you need when teaching a foal to lunge? A: Whip 6209 (easy) HIH /HH31 Q: What kind of bridle is most often used in saddle seat classes? A: Weymouth OR double bridle (also accept full bridle) 6210 (easy) HH34 Q: Under what condition should leather & rope halters be stored? A: Dry place 6211 (easy) HIH /DET35 Q: What is a bosal? A: Noseband on a hackamore (additional info -- often made of rawhide) 6212 (easy) HH27 Q: A strap fastening the front legs of a horse together so that he can't stray is called what? A: Hobbles 6213 (easy) HH31 Q: On the Western saddle, what are the D rings? A: Rings that hold the cinch straps (additional info -- billet on off side & latigo on near side)

9 6214 (easy) HIH1100-4/H4-34 Q: What is the fork of a saddle? A: Fork (or swells or pommel) is the front, raised part of a Western saddle that supports the saddle horn OR part of the swells of a Western saddle that makes up the gullet 6215 (easy) HIH Q: A saddle should have a spread in its tree to fit comfortably on what part of your horse? A: Withers 6216 (easy) HIH Q: What is a cinch? A: Girth used on a Western saddle 6217 (easy) HIH Q: What is the term for the raised back of the saddle behind the seat? A: Cantle 6218 (easy) HIH Q: Referring to saddles, what are fenders? A: Wide pieces of leather along the stirrup leathers 6219 (easy) HH29 Q: What is a tapadera? A: Stirrup cover 6220 (easy) HIH Q: What kind of bridle uses 2 bits? A: Weymouth OR double bridle (also accept full bridle) 6221 (easy) HIH Q: What are cheekpieces? A: Side pieces of the bridle (or sidepieces of bit) 6222 (easy) HIH Q: What is the browband? A: Part of the bridle that goes across the head above the eyes 6223 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the leather bridle straps without the bit & reins? A: Headstall 6224 (easy) HIH Q: What is the portion of the bit from the mouthpiece down? A: Shank

10 6225 (easy) HH29/DET287 Q: What is an emergency bridle made of rope called? A: War bridle 6226 (easy) HIH Q: When the bridle is correctly adjusted, the bit will rest on what part of the horse's mouth? A: Bars (also accept interdental space) 6227 (easy) HH34 Q: Where is leather tack most likely to fail? A: Around buckles, bends & attachments 6228 (easy) HH34 Q: What one thing should never be done to leather, no matter how wet it gets? A: Never place it near heat 6229 (easy) HIH Q: In general, how do bits operate? A: By applying pressure to certain parts of the mouth or head 6230 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the strap that goes around the horse's forehead? A: Browband 6231 (easy) HIH Q: What is the most important part of the bridle? A: The bit 6232 (easy) HIH Q: How can you tell if the bit's adjusted correctly? A: There should be 1-2 wrinkles on each side at lip corners 6233 (easy) HIH Q: Name 2 areas to which a non-leverage bit (like a snaffle) applies pressure. A: Corners of mouth, tongue, bars 6234 (easy) HIH Q: What part of the bridle keeps the horse from rubbing it off? A: Throatlatch 6235 (easy) HIH Q: Of the hunt seat saddle types, which one is most popular for trail riding? A: All purpose 6236 (easy) HIH Q: What is the piece of the bridle behind the horse's ears called? A: Crownpiece

11 6237 (easy) HIH Q: What are billets? A: Straps used to tighten the girth on an English saddle 6238 (easy) HIH Q: What is another name for an English double bridle? A: Weymouth (also accept full bridle) 6239 (easy) HIH Q: Where is the pommel on an English saddle? A: Slightly raised part on the front of the saddle (in front of the seat) (accept any reasonable wording) 6240 (easy) HIH Q: What is the braided rawhide or rope noseband on a hackamore called? A: Bosal 6241 (easy) HH20 Q: What is the purpose of chaps? A: Protection from cuts, protection from cold, showing (only need to give one) 6242 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the noseband on an English bridle? A: Cavesson 6243 (easy) HIH Q: What advantage do web, laced, or rubber reins have over plain reins? A: More secure grip, not slippery when wet (only need to give one) 6244 (easy) HIH Q: What is the most commonly used type of Western reins? A: Split 6245 (easy) HIH Q: Where do most saddle fitting problems occur? A: Withers 6246 (easy) HIH1100-7,9 Q: Name the part of the bridle that's found on an English bridle, but not on most Western ones. A: Noseband or cavesson 6247 (easy) HIH Q: How many billets are usually found on an English saddle? A: Three 6248 (easy) HIH Q: In addition to ropers, what other type of rider would you see using roping reins? A: Gymkhana/games OR barrel racers

12 6249 (easy) HIH Q: What is the general term for all of the leather equipment used to ride and/or drive a horse? A: Tack 6250 (easy) HIH Q: On a Western bridle, on what side of the horse does the throatlatch buckle? A: Left 6251 (easy) HIH Q: The corner of the horse's mouth should have how many wrinkles with a properly fitted egg-butt snaffle bit? A: One or two (accept either) 6252 (easy) HIH Q: What is the difference between an Arabian tree & a Quarter Horse tree? A: Arabian tree is wider 6253 (easy) HH27 Q: A saddle pad cut to fit the shape of the saddle sometimes has a large colorful roll around the edges. This roll is called what? A: Corona 6354 (easy) HIH Q: What does a safety stirrup do? A: In the event of a fall, a heavy rubber band releases which lets the rider's foot come free of the stirrup 6255 (easy) HIH Q: Describe a slip ear headstall. A: Small loop is added to the crownpiece to go around the ear 6256 (easy) HH32 Q: Which type of saddle was originally developed for ranch work? A: Western or stock 6257 (easy) HIH Q: What is another name for a saddle seat saddle? A: Cut back, Park, or Lane Fox (only need to give one) 6258 (easy) HIH Q: What is another name for a hunt seat saddle? A: Forward seat, close contact, or jumping (only need to give one) 6259 (easy) HIH Q: By placing 2 fingers between your horse's withers & the fork of the saddle, you are checking for what? A: Proper fit 6260 (easy) HH27 Q: A Western saddle with the cinch hung from the center is called what? A: Center-fire

13 6261 (easy) HH29/DET259 Q: What is a surcingle? A: Broad strap around the horse's girth (additional info - may be used with bridle for ground training) 6262 (easy) HIH Q: Which martingale needs "stops" added to each rein to prevent the rings from interfering with the bit? A: Running 6263 (easy) HH27 Q: What is a center-fire? A: Western saddle with cinch hung from the center 6264 (easy) HIH Q: Referring to a saddle, what is a jockey? A: Small flaps on the side of the saddle 6265 (easy) HH29 Q: What is a chin chain made of flat, large links called? A: Polo chain 6266 (easy) HH29 Q: What is the lead rope on a hackamore called? A: Mecate (meh-cot-ay) 6267 (easy) HH29/DET188 Q: What is Neatsfoot oil? A: Oil used for conditioning, softening or preserving leather (only need to give one) 6268 (easy) HIH Q: What is the Spanish word for hackamore? A: Jaquima (HA-kee-ma) 6269 (easy) HIH Q: What are the small flaps on the side of the saddle called? A: Jockey or jockey skirt 6270 (easy) HH29 Q: What is a reata? A: Spanish word for lasso (also accept rope) 6271 (easy) HIH Q: Name the 2 most common types of martingales. A: Running & standing 6272 (easy) HH28 Q: What influences the severity of a bosal? A: The stiffness

14 6273 (easy) HH27 Q: What do you call a combination of bridle, harness pad, & crupper? A: Bitting rig 6274 (easy) HH28 Q: What do you call the part of the reins passing between thumb & fingers & out the top of the hand? A: Bight 6275 (easy) H4-7,17 Q: What is the main purpose of a saddle? A: To distribute the rider's weight over the horse's back (also gives rider a sense of security) 6276 (easy) HH28 Q: What is the special knot on a hackamore called that exerts pressure at the rear of the jaw? A: Fiadore (also accept heel knot) 6277 (easy) HH28 Q: Name one of the pressure points on a mechanical hackamore. A: Underside of horse's jaw, over the bridge of the nose, poll 6278 (easy) - HH34 Q: In order to take proper care of leather, you should always do what 2 things? A: Keep it dry & keep it clean 6279 (easy) HIH Q: What is a bridoon? A: Snaffle bit used on a double bridle OR another name for snaffle bit 6280 (easy) HIH Q: What do you call the type of Western rein that's one continuous strap? This type helps prevent dropping or losing a rein A: Roping reins 6281 (easy) HIH Q: How can a saddle pinch your horse? A: Riding too high on sides of withers (not fitting properly) 6282 (easy) HIH Q: What is the strap that goes around the base of the animal's tail & attaches to the saddle? It's used to keep the saddle centered & is best suited for use on a stock saddle A: Crupper 6283 (easy) HIH Q: Which English saddle uses a longer stirrup? A: Dressage 6284 (easy) HIH Q: What is a sweat flap? A: Small flap of an English saddle under the flap (the flap between the billets & the horse)

15 6285 (easy) HIH1100 Q: What is the first step in selecting a saddle? A: Deciding which style of riding you prefer 6286 (easy) HIH Q: The severity of a snaffle bit comes from what? A: Thickness of the mouthpiece (additional info -- thinner is more severe) 6287 (easy) HIH Q: When using the terms D-ring, round, or full-cheek, you are referring to what? A: Snaffle bits 6288 (easy) HIH Q: A rider's pull on the reins of a snaffle causes what kind of pressure? A: Direct 6289 (easy) HH31 Q: What is the basic foundation of all stock saddles? A: Tree 6290 (easy) HIH Q: When shanks are added to a bit, what is created? A: Leverage 6291 (easy) HIH Q: What is the name for the small ring snaffle that, combined with a curb bit, makes up a Weymouth or double bridle? A: Bridoon 6292 (easy) DET84/HH/HIH Q: What is a double-rigged saddle? A: Saddle with 2 cinches 6293 (easy) HIH Q: How tight should the halter chinstrap be? A: You should be able to put a couple of fingers between the halter & muzzle OR with enough room to prevent binding the face & tight enough to prevent a foot from being caught 6294 (easy) HH23 Q: What should you do if you find a strap that's thin from wear or torn? A: Replace it ASAP 6295 (easy) HH25 Q: What part of the saddle must be fitted to the rider? A: The seat (also accept stirrups) 6296 (easy) HH25 Q: On an English saddle, the billets attach what to the saddle? A: Girth

16 6297 (easy) HH26 Q: What is the most common bit used for Thoroughbred race horses? A: Snaffle 6298 (easy) H1-25 Q: What is the name of the small loop at the end of a lasso which the rope passes through to form a loop? A: Honda 6299 (easy) TH783/DET262 Q: What is the proper name for a storage room where bridles, saddles & other equipment used in horseback riding are kept? A: Tack room 6300 (easy) HH34 Q: What is another name for bell boots? A: Overreach boots 6301 (easy) HH34 Q: What part of the anatomy do bell boots protect? A: Back of the front coronary band OR coronet band & hoof 6302 (easy) HIH Q: In the winter, what type of blanket should be used to keep your horse's hair from growing too long? A: Heavy one 6303 (easy) HIH Q: Give 2 advantages of a synthetic saddle. A: Less expensive, lightweight, easy to take care of 6304 (easy) HIH Q: For what purpose is glycerin soap used? A: Cleaning tack 6305 (easy) HIH Q: Which part of the Western saddle is used for tying equipment to the saddle? A: Lace strings or saddle strings 6306 (easy) HIH Q: Why is copper sometimes used in bit mouthpieces? A: Increases salivation or makes mouth more responsive 6307 (easy) HIH Q: What material are most English saddles made of? A: Leather 6308 (easy) HIH Q: Why are roping reins one continuous strap? A: To prevent losing or dropping the reins

17 6309 (easy) HIH Q: What is the main function of a headstall? A: To hold the bit in place MEDIUM 6310 (medium) HIH Q: What basic part of the bridle serves as a secondary means of communication as well as allowing you to manipulate the bit? A: Reins 6311 (medium) HIH Q: What measurement is necessary to have a properly fitted girth? A: Heartgirth (from girth buckle to girth buckle) 6312 (medium) DET85,89 Q: What is the main difference in the design of a D-ring & an egg butt snaffle? A: Shape of the rings 6313 (medium) HIH Q: Which English saddle is designed to give the rider optimum leg contact with the horse? A: Dressage 6314 (medium) HH33 Q: How is the length of a stock saddle measured? A: From base of horn to top of cantle 6315 (medium) HIH Q: What is another name given to reins connected to each other with a romal? A: California reins or closed reins 6316 (medium) HH26 Q: Name 2 types of bits that might be used when driving horses. A: Half-cheek snaffle, Liverpool bit, bar bit, plain snaffle (O ring, D ring, egg-butt, etc.) 6317 (medium) HIH Q: Which bit is similar to a snaffle -except it has slots on top of the rings for attaching the headstall & hooks for attaching the curb chain? A: Kimberwicke 6318 (medium) DET29 Q: What do you call the device normally made of metal or rubber that attaches to the headstall & is used to regulate the position of the horse's head & to help control the pace & direction of the horse? A: Bit 6319 (medium) HIH Q: What does the term "mullen mouth" mean? A: Bit mouthpiece that has a slight bow or curve

18 6320 (medium) HH29 Q: What does the term "slick" mean when referring to saddles? A: Describes the shape of the fork on a Western saddle (forks or swells that are narrow at the top & are wide at the bottom) 6321 (medium) HH32 Q: What is the effect of stirrups that are set too far back? A: Rider is thrown into the pommel or fork 6322 (medium) HH33 Q: Where do you measure the width of the withers? A: Two inches below the top of withers 6323 (medium) HH33 Q: Where do you measure the width of a saddle tree? A: Across the bottom of the gullet 6324 (medium) DET p. 287 Q: What type of bridle is often made of stiff lariat rope & is used in leading unruly horses by exerting pressure on the poll. It is sometimes called a come-along. A: War bridle 6325 (medium) DET76,256 Q: Explain the difference between a standing & a running martingale. A: Standing martingale attaches to the back of the noseband; running martingale has a Y shaped strap with rings on the ends that reins pass through 6326 (medium) HIH Q: Why is a snaffle called a direct-action bit? A: Reins attach directly to rings on the mouthpiece which causes a direct pulling action 6327 (medium) DET32/FCH382 Q: What is the purpose of blinkers on a bridle? A: To keep the horse looking forward (or to prevent the horse from looking to the side) 6328 (medium) FCH382/DET32 Q: What are blinders or blinkers? A: Solid pieces attached to the headstall alongside each eye so the horse can't see to the side without turning its head (additional info -- keeps horse looking forward) 6329 (medium) HIH Q: How does leather conditioner work? A: Puts back vital oils

19 6330 (medium) HIH Q: 2 part question: You are looking to purchase an English saddle for your 6' father who wants to trail ride. There is a 14" all-purpose saddle advertised in the local paper. Will this saddle be adequate for your father? Explain your answer. A: No; the all-purpose type will work BUT the saddle is too small an adult that size would need a inch saddle 6331 (medium) HIH Q: From what 2 points do you measure to determine the size of an English saddle? A: From the saddle nail to the mid-point of the cantle 6332 (medium) HIH Q: What is the "never rust" material used in making bits? A: Stainless steel or solid nickel 6333 (medium) BEG108 Q: In reference to an English saddle, what is the name for the channel that runs down the center of the underside of the saddle? A: Gullet 6334 (medium) HIH Q: Name a type of martingale that attaches to the reins. A: Running, Irish, or German (only need to give one) 6335 (medium) DET272 Q: In driving, what are the parts of the harness that run from the collar to the singletree? A: Traces 6336 (medium) HIH Q: Which mouthpiece material is very lightweight, brittle, & may cause the horse's mouth to be dry? A: Aluminum 6337 (medium) HIH Q: 2 part question: Where would you find a latigo & what is its purpose? A: On a Western saddle; it's the strap that's used to tie the cinch knot 6338 (medium) HIH Q: Referring to an English saddle, what is the collective term for stirrup leathers, stirrup irons & girth? A: Fittings 6339 (medium) HIH Q: Define the word "fittings". A: Stirrup leathers, stirrup irons, & girth for English saddles 6340 (medium) HIH Q: What piece of equipment needs to be used with a running martingale to prevent the martingale from interfering with the bit? A: Rein stops

20 6341 (medium) HIH Q: What type of reins are covered with a pebbled surface on the handgrip portions & are used in racing to provide a secure grip? A: Rubber reins 6342 (medium) TH659 Q: Why is it a good idea to switch stirrup leathers on an English saddle from side to side on a regular basis? A: Mounting causes leather to stretch making them uneven 6343 (medium) DET38 Q: What part of the harness helps the horse hold back the vehicle when there is no brake? A: Breeching (also accept pole strap, thimbles, shaft cups) 6344 (medium) DET72 Q: Referring to bits, what is a cricket? A: The attachment on a bit's port that spins when the horse moves its tongue 6345 (medium) HIH Q: What is the difference between a slip ear & a split ear bridle? A: Slip ear piece added to the crownpiece that can be slid to either side allowing ear to pass through; Slit ear crownpiece is split allowing ear to pass through 6346 (medium) DET25 Q: In reference to tack & equipment, what is a bat? A: Short, flat riding whip 6347 (medium) DET86 Q: What is the purpose of a dropped noseband? A: Prevents a horse from opening its mouth 6348 (medium) DET72 Q: What is the name of the attachment on the port of a curb bit that will spin in the horse's mouth as it moves its tongue? A: Cricket or roller 6349 (medium) HIH Q: What kind of saddle would you select for a thick-withered English horse? A: English saddle with wide tree 6350 (medium) DET94 Q: What is the name of the specific part of the headstall that holds the bit up in the horse's mouth? A: Cheek piece 6351 (medium) DET29 Q: What is the name for the rubber or leather ring that lies between the horse's cheek & the bit that prevents rubbing or pinching of the skin? A: Bit guard

21 6352 (medium) H4-17 Q: A felt saddle with a wood frame was created around 200 BC by whom? A: Asian horsemen 6353 (medium) DET26 Q: What is the name of the protective boots that fit over the coronet band & bulbs of the heel? A: Bell boots or overreach boots 6354 (medium) DET55 Q: What is the specific name of the type of western chaps that extend slightly beyond the knee, but do not cover the rider s shins? A: Chinks (do not accept half chaps which cover the ankle & shin) 6355 (medium) HIH Q: What kind of saddle would you select for a Western horse with low, thick withers? A: Western saddle with Quarter Horse or Arabian tree OR Western saddle with wide tree 6356 (medium) HIH Q: The McClellan saddle is single-rigged. What does this mean? A: Only has one cinch/girth 6357 (medium) HIH Q: Give 2 uses of a mesh sheet. A: Aids in cooling out, keeps flies away 6358 (medium) DET207/HIH Q: What bit is being described? This bit uses 2 sets of reins. It's a one piece bit that functions like both a snaffle & a curb combined in one mouthpiece. One set of reins is attached to the rings & works like a snaffle & one set attaches to the shanks to provide leveraged action A: Pelham 6359 (medium) DET48,49 Q: In general, what is the main design difference between a cart & a carriage? A: Cart has 2 wheels & carriage has 4 wheels 6360 (medium) DET270 Q: What bit is being described? This bit is sometimes called a cowboy snaffle. It's a curb bit with short, straight, swivel shanks & a broken mouthpiece A: Tom Thumb 6361 (medium) HIH Q: The lighter weight blanket is specifically used for what 2 purposes? A: Shipping, turnout 6362 (medium) HIH Q: What is the term for the type of solid bit mouthpiece that has a slight bow in the middle instead of a port? A: Mullen mouth

22 6363 (medium) HIH Q: What type of saddle would you select for a horse used for roping? A: Full double-rigged roping saddle 6364 (medium) DET265 Q: Terrets are rings on the harness of driving horses. What passes through these rings? A: Reins or lines 6365 (medium) HIH Q: 2 part question: The width of a snaffle bit is very important. Explain what can happen from a) a bit that's too narrow & b) bit that's too wide A: Too narrow pinching; too wide - loss of control 6366 (medium) HH23/HIH Q: Give two definitions of the term "girth". A: Measure of the circumference of the horse's body back of the withers; Leather, canvas or corded piece that goes around the body of a horse to hold the saddle on 6367 (medium) B108-3L Q: What type of martingale allows the rider to maintain contact with the bit at all times? A: Running martingale 6368 (medium) HIH Q: The term cavesson means 2 different pieces of equipment. What are they? A: Noseband on an English bridle; stiff headstall used for longe line training 6369 (medium) HH34 Q: Why is a stable a poor place to store leather? A: Temperature, dampness, rodents, ammonia from urine/manure 6370 (medium) DET25,26/HIH1100 Q: Name 2 types of bars found on tack. A: Stirrup bar, bars of saddle tree, bar mouthpiece 6371 (medium) DET57 Q: What is the common name for the 4-in-hand knot that's tied the same as a knot on a man's tie & is used to secure a saddle in place when a buckle isn't used? A: Cinch knot 6372 (medium) DET40 Q: What is the term for a bit with a hinge in the middle of the mouthpiece? A: Broken bit or jointed bit (do NOT accept curb or snaffle; both can have solid or broken mouthpieces) 6373 (medium) HIH Q: To what part of the English bridle's headstall does the throatlatch attach? A: Crownpiece

23 6374 (medium) HIH Q: Close contact & all purpose are both examples of what type of English saddle? A: Forward seat or hunt seat 6375 (medium) DET pg 202 Q: A pad with a cinch which may include stirrups used for exercising the horse is called what? A: Bareback pad, pad saddle, or exercise saddle 6376 (medium) HIH Q: What is the difference between a bosal hackamore & a mechanical hackamore? A: Bosal has a braided rawhide or rope noseband with a knot-like arrangement under the horse's jaw; Mechanical has metal shanks & a curb strap 6377 (medium) DET239 Q: 2 part question: What type of saddle would have saddle strings & what are they used for? A: Western/stock; used for tying things to the saddle 6378 (medium) IDET 161, HIH Q: The Kimberwicke bit is considered a leverage bit. How is it different from a typical leverage bit like a curb bit? A: No shanks 6379 (medium) HIHvarious Q Where does a properly adjusted hackamore rest on a horse's nose? A: 4 inches from top of nostril OR back of cheek bone 6380 (medium) HH31 Q: What is a Liverpool bit? A: Curb bit commonly used for driving (additional info -- has several rein attachment slots) 6381 (medium) HH27 Q: Why would you use a bitting rig? A: To teach a horse to flex at the poll 6382 (medium) HIH Q: How much room should there be on each side of the widest part of a rider's foot in an English stirrup? A: 1/4 inch HARD 6383 (hard) DET67 Q: Where would you find a stabilizer or roper s bar? A: On a bit, connecting the shanks where the rein loops are attached.

24 6384 (hard) HIH Q: You do the math..there should be ¼ of room on each side of the hunt seat rider s foot when it s in the stirrup. The total width of the stirrup tread should be how much wider than the width of the boot? A: ½ inch 6385 (hard) HIH Q: Define the term "saddle nail". A: Rivet on the front side of the skirt near pommel on English saddle 6386 (hard) HIH Q: What does an adult-size English saddle seat measure? A: inches (accept any number within this range) 6387 (hard) HIH Q: What does a youth-sized English saddle seat measure? A: inches (accept any number within this range) 6388 (hard) HIH Q: In English riding, what saddle is used to ride "on the flat" just behind the center of your horse? A: Saddle seat 6389 (hard) HIH Q: What is the name of the soft, apple-flavored, rubber mouthpiece that's very gentle & non-allergenic? A: Happy Mouth 6390 (hard) DET129 Q: What is the proper term for the steel or wooden arms that are fitted to the collar of a harness? A: Hames 6391 (hard) DET p. 172 Q: What is the term for the person who makes the metal parts of tack such as bits, curb chains, & stirrup irons? A: Lorimer 6392 (hard) HIH Q: What does a breastplate have that a breast collar may not have? A: Neck strap 6393 (hard) HIH Q: What equipment should always be treated as a means to an end, used only when needed & then only as long as needed? A: Martingales & draw reins 6394 (hard) HH30 Q: 2 part question: Which general type curb bit produces the most discomfort for the horse & why? A: Jointed mouth it affects all the pressure points & creates a nutcracker action on bars & tongue

25 6395 (hard) HIH Q: What are the unique components of a Weymouth bridle? A: Two bits (snaffle/bridoon & curb/weymouth) 6396 (hard) HH28 Q: What is a heel knot? A: Ball on bottom of bosal (fiadore) 6397 (hard) HH30 Q: Brace, roller, & a high port are all parts of what bit? A: Spade bit 6398 (hard) HH32,34 Q: What do we mean when we refer to the rigging of a saddle? A: Location where cinch is attached to saddle 6399 (hard) TH658 Q: Which of the following types of Western saddle riggings would accommodate only one cinch centerfire, full, or 3/4? A: Centerfire 6400 (hard) HIH Q: What is the purpose of an anti-sweat sheet? A: To wick moisture away from horse's body after a heavy workout 6401 (hard) BEG108-1 Q: What type of English saddle is specially designed with a flat seat, forward short flaps & no extra knee roll? A: Close contact 6402 (hard) HIH Q: Where on a Western saddle would you find the hobble strap? A: At bottom of fender above the stirrup (additional info -- keeps the stirrup from falling off) 6403 (hard) HIH Q: What is the use of a half sheet? A: Used for warmth when exercising horses outdoors in cold weather 6404 (hard) HIH Q: 2 part question: On a Pelham bridle, which rein functions as the snaffle & which as the curb? A: Upper rein is the snaffle & lower one is the curb 6405 (hard) HIH Q: What type of saddle am I describing? This lightweight saddle gives the rider a straight leg position & a deep seat for security & balance. The tall horn gives the rider something to grab onto during the turns. The skirts are often rounded. A: Barrel racing saddle

26 6406 (hard) HIH Q: What is the name for the strap that holds the snaffle bit in a double bridle? A: Bradoon carrier 6407 (hard) HIH Q: What type horse was the cut-back saddle developed for? A: High withered OR horse with more front end action & high head carriage (example Saddlebred) 6408 (hard) HIH Q: What type of saddle am I describing? This saddle has high thigh rolls located near the front of the saddle which keeps the rider firmly in place. It usually has no horn & is popular with trail riders A: Australian, Outback, or Poley (only need to give one) 6409 (hard) HIH Q: Where would you find the twist on an English saddle? A: Top of saddle at junction of the seat & pommel 6410 (hard) HIH /DET38 Q: How does an English breast collar differ from a Western breast collar? A: English breast collar has a neck strap to help hold it up 6411 (hard) HIH Q: What is the biggest problem with foam saddle pads? A: They don't breathe (don t allow sweat to evaporate) 6412 (hard) HIH Q: What part of an English saddle rests on the horse's back? A: Panel 6413 (hard) HIH Q: What is the term for the type of sheet that's used during outdoor exercise in cold weather? It runs from the withers to the hindquarters A: Half sheet 6414 (hard) HH27 Q: On an English double bridle, what does the lip strap do? A: Positions the curb chain 6415 (hard) DET13 Q: What is the name for a bit, used in conjunction with a halter, that has 3 small rings 2 for the cheek pieces & one for a lead rein? It's used to help control horses that rear. A: Anti-rearing bit or Chifney 6416 (hard) DET95 Q: On an English saddle, what part is located between the panels? A: Gullet

27 6417 (hard) DET47 Q: On the Western saddle, what is the term for the outside back of the cantle? A: Cantle drop or Cheyenne roll 6418 (hard) HIH Q: Why is a forward seat saddle versatile? A: Allows rider to be in balance with horse whether riding on flat, jumping, or doing a combination of flat riding & jumping 6419 (hard) DET120 Q: Which martingale combines the action of both the snaffle rein & a draw rein? A: German martingale 6420 (hard) HIH Q: What English girth style reduces chaffing of your horse's elbows? A: Elastic & contour leather 6421 (hard) DET14,77,81,123,207 Q: Referring to tack, what is being described by the following terms: pelican, gourd, appleton, dinner plate & dally? A: Types of saddle horns 6422 (hard) DET54 Q: Explain the difference between batwing & shotgun chaps. A: Batwing flared; shotgun fit close to leg 6423 (hard) HIH Q: Although it is described as German silver, a bit made from this material is not made from silver and is actually a combination of 3 different metals. Name one of the metals. A: Copper, nickel, & stainless steel 6424 (hard) HIH Q: What fitting is being described by the terms string, elastic end, contour, threefold, & balding? A: Girths 6425 (hard) HIH Q: Name one advantage of web reins. A: Won't stretch, rot, or crack; offer more grip than plain leather 6426 (hard) TH648 Q: What are two functions of the hackamore knot? A. To attach reins and to adjust the size/fit of the bosal 6427 (hard) DET231 Q: What type of reins are fastened to the girth & then passed through the rings of the snaffle bit into the rider's hands? A: Draw reins

28 BONUS 6428 (bonus) HH34 Q: Name 3 things you should inspect leather for (especially when buying used tack). A: Cracked, stiff or dried out, thin or worn, broken stitching, stretched out or enlarged holes (accept any reasonable answer) 6429 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 types of Western saddles. A: Pleasure/Trail, Endurance, Reining, Roping, Cutting, Barrel Racing, Equitation, Gymkhana 6430 (bonus) HH25 Q: Name 3 parts of an English saddle that are NOT found on a Western saddle. A: Stirrup iron, stirrup bar, flap, billets, sweat flap 6431 (bonus) HH32 Q: Name 3 types of rigging & one of their uses. A: Full double roping, packing 7/8 or 3/4 double reining, cutting, pleasure; In skirt pleasure, trail; Centerfire--packing, bucking saddle 6432 (bonus) HIH Q: What are the 3 saddle types in the hunt or forward seat category? A: All purpose, close contact, dressage 6433 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 different materials used to make bit mouthpieces. A: Stainless steel, German silver, solid nickel, copper, aluminum, rubber, vulcanite, brass, leather, Happy Mouth, sweet iron 6434 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 different types of outwear for your horse. A: Turnout blanket, turnout sheet, cooler, mesh sheet, stable blanket, stable sheet (also accept blanket, sheet, cooler, sleazie, hood) 6435 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 types of English reins. A: Laced, plain, web, rubber 6436 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 areas to which a hackamore applies pressure. A: Nose, chin, face, poll, jaw, cheeks 6437 (bonus) HH33 Q: Name 3 things that could happen when a poor fitting saddle is used on a horse. A: Sores, rolls on mounting/dismounting, slips/slides during use, horse bucking, horse head tossing, cinchiness

29 6439 (bonus) HIH1100-2,4 Q: Name the 3 parts of an English saddle & a Western saddle that are the same. A: Pommel, cantle, skirt, seat 6440 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 areas where a bit or bridle applies pressure. A: Corners of mouth, bars, tongue, roof of mouth, curb groove, nose, poll 6441 (bonus) HIH1100 Q: Name 3 bits. A: Weymouth, Pelham, Walking horse, snaffle, hackamore, Liverpool, bar, spade, Kimberwicke, roper curved cheek, half cheek snaffle, full cheek snaffle, Tom Thumb (accept any reasonable answer) 6442 (bonus) HIH Q: List 3 types of girths used in English riding. A: String, elastic-end, contour leather, 3 fold leather, Balding, leather (accept any reasonable answer) 6443 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 2 kinds of saddles that roughly fit under the heading of English saddles. A: Racing & polo 6444 (bonus) HH33 Q: Besides fitting a horse at the withers, name 3 conformation factors that contribute to saddle fit. A: Length of back, slope of shoulder, muscling, spring of rib cage 6445 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 countries where most English saddles are produced. A: England, Australia, Germany, Argentina 6446 (bonus) HIH Q: Describe the following Western headstalls: split ear, slip ear, & conventional. A: Split ear has a slit in the crownpiece for the ear; slip ear has a small loop added to crownpiece for the ear; conventional has a brow band 6447 (bonus) HIH Q: Name the 3 classifications of bits. A: Snaffle, curb, hackamore 6448 (bonus) HIH1100-1,5 Q: Name 3 types of saddles. A: Western/stock, English, Australian, dressage, saddle seat, forward seat, racing, polo 6449 (bonus) HIH Q: Leverage bits cause pressure to be applied to the poll & under the chin. Tell what pieces of the bridle cause this pressure. A: Poll crownpiece; under chin curb strap or chin strap 6450 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 2 purposes of the port on a curb bit. A: Relieves pressure on tongue & applies pressure to roof of mouth

30 6451 (bonus) HH33 Q: Name 3 factors that might contribute to a saddle resting on the horse's withers instead of clearing them. A: Fork of saddle too wide, saddle tree too wide, withers too high, withers too narrow, combination of these 6452 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 functions of a saddle pad. A: Protect horse's back, absorb sweat, protect saddle, help saddle fit better, absorb shock 6453 (bonus) HIH Q: What are 3 criteria for selecting a saddle. A: Must fit the horse, should fit the rider, should not interfere with performance or ability of horse, be appropriate for desired riding style 6454 (bonus) HH29 Q: Name 3 factors affecting the severity of a bit. A: Diameter of mouthpiece, type of mouthpiece, amount of leverage, position of horse's head (example - nose up or flexed at poll) 6455 (bonus) HIH Q: What are the 3 pressure points affected by a snaffle bit? A: Corners of mouth, bars, tongue 6456 (bonus) HIH Q: Explain the differences between a snaffle bit, a curb bit, & a hackamore. A: Snaffle has no shanks (reins attach directly to rings on the mouthpiece no leverage) Curb has shanks (that cause leverage) Hackamore has no mouthpiece (bonus) HIH1100-5,6 Q: Name 3 materials used to make Western saddle pads A: Wool, cotton, sheepskin, synthetic fibers 6458 (bonus) HIH Q: Give 3 names for the type of saddle used for saddle seat riding A: Park, cut back, saddle seat, Lane Fox 6459 (bonus) HIH Q: What are 2 events where you would commonly use rubber reins? A: Racing, cross country/eventing, jumping, steeplechase 6460 (bonus) HIH Q: Name 3 different materials that English saddle pads are made of. A: Sheepskin, hair, foam, imitation sheepskin, felt, therapeutic