MACHINE MILKING AND DAILY CHANGES OF COW S TEAT CONDITION

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1 20 th Int. Symp. Animal Science Day, Kranjka gora, Slovenia, Sept. 19 th 21 t, COBISS: 1.08 Agri category code: L01 ACHINE ILKING AND DAILY CHANGES OF COW S TEAT CONDITION iomir STOJNOVIĆ 1, Damir ALAGIĆ 1 ABSTRACT The paper deal with daily change of teat parameter of dairy cow caued by machine milking. Ultraonographic canner GE edical Sytem LOGIQ 100 PRO with linear array VE 5 5 Hz probe wa ued for canning the teat. The canning wa conducted on a dairy farm in Križevci on 27 cow, nineteen of them of Holtein breed and eight of Siental breed or SientalxHoltein croed breed. The cow were houed in a free tall barn and milked in a herringbone 2x3 milking parlour with Alfa-Laval milking equipment with Duovac milking unit. Teat canning wa done jut before morning milking and iediately after milking on the right ide of the udder for front and rear teat. A total of 432 meaurement were carried out during the experiment. The following parameter were meaured: teat canal length (TCL), teat end width (TEW), teat citern width (TCW) and teat wall thickne (TWT). A fifth parameter ratio between teat wall thickne and teat citern width (TWT/TCW) before and after milking wa calculated. Length of teat canal for the front right teat increaed in average for after milking, and for the rear right teat. Teat end width of the front and rear right teat increaed after milking for 3.7 and 3.32, repectively. ean teat citern width of the front right teat decreaed after milking for while for the rear right teat mean decreae wa Teat wall thickne of the front and rear right teat increaed after milking for 7.86 and repectively. The ratio between teat citern width and teat wall thickne and teat citern width changed for the right front teat from before milking to after milking, and for the right rear teat from to Teting of ignificance of difference of teat dimenion before and after machine milking howed ignificant difference for all teat parameter, with the exception of teat end width for front right teat (P = 0,069). Key word: dairy cow / machine milking / teat condition / ultraonographic canning 1 INTRODUCTION achine milking i a daily routine procedure in the dairy farm uually conducted twice a day during lactation. A a conequence of vacuum and pulation applied in the milking procedure, certain change of the teat tiue appear, uch a teat end congetion, change in teat dimenion, teat colour change, formation of callu ring on top of the teat, teat texture change etc. Some of thee are hort-term change and the udder uually recover between two milking, and ome can be long-term change that could lead to chronic change reulting in greater manifetation of matiti. Change in teat thickne are minimal when milk i removed via a catheter inerted in the teat canal or by hand. Therefore, an increae in thickne value after machine milking can be interpreted a a repone of the teat tiue to the machine milking action (Gleeon et al., 2004). Specifically, cow teat are the firt line of defence againt matiti (Neijenhui et al., 2001). Ultraound examination i a ueful tool to monitor change machine milking caue in teat tiue (Neijenhui et al., 1999). Change in the pliability of teat tiue caued by congetion or oedema may change the reitance of the teat canal to bacterial invaion (O Shea, 1987). Increaing thickne of the teat after milking more than 5 increae microbial colonization of the teat ca- 1 Križevci College of Agriculture, ililava Demerca 1, Križevci, Croatia Acta argiculturae Slovenica, Supplement 3, , Ljubljana 2012

2 . STOJNOVIĆ and D. ALAGIĆ nal (Zecconi et al., 1992). In order to determine the influence of machine milking on teat condition of dairy cow, the reearch on change in ome teat parameter during machine milking wa conducted. 2 ATERIAL AND ETHODS The reearch wa conducted on a dairy farm in Križevci, Croatia, with 27 dairy cow. Nineteen of them were Holtein breed and eight of them were Siental breed or Siental Holtein croed breed, all of them aigned for ultraound teat canning. Three cow of Holtein breed were in firt lactation, ix in the econd, five in the third, one in the fourth and four in the fifth. Two Siental cow were in the econd lactation, three Siental Holtein croed breed cow in the firt lactation, two in the third and one in the fourth lactation. The cow were kept in a free-tall barn (Fig. 1) and milked twice a day in a herringbone milking parlour 2x3 with Alfa-Laval milking equipment with Duovac milking unit. Vacuum level wa et to 46 kpa, pulation rate 60 min 1 and pulation ratio 65:35. Figure 2: Ultraound canner (photo:. Stojnović) ing the teat in lukewarm water in a platic bag and indirect recording with a probe on the outer lateral ide, uing contact gel to obtain a clear picture. Setting reference point on the frozen image obtained value of the teat parameter, a hown in Fig. 3 and 4. Figure 3: Ultraound canning of teat (photo: D. Alagić) Figure 1: Free-tall barn with dairy cow (photo:. Stojnović) Ultraound canner GE edical Sytem LOGIQ 100 PRO (Fig. 2) with linear array 5 Hz probe VE 5 wa ued for canning the teat. Scanning wa conducted before the morning milking and iediately after milking at the front and rear right teat of the udder in the period from up to The total number of meaurement wa 108 can 4 parameter, which gave u 432 data. The following parameter were recorded: length of the teat canal (TCL) teat end width(tew), teat citern width (TCW) and teat wall thickne at 1 cm from the end of teat citern (TWT). The technique of teat canning conited of ier- Figure 4: Teat image from ultraound canner with referent point The meaured data were tatitically analyzed uing S Excell tatitical oftware package (Papić, 2005). Average value of meaured parameter, tandard deviation, coefficient of variation and tandard error were calculated. The tatitical ignificance wa teted uing t-tet. The data are preented in table howing mea- 304 Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Supplement

3 ACHINE ILKING AND DAILY CHANGES OF COW S TEAT CONDITION Table 1: Statitical data of the meaured parameter for the front right teat Before milking After milking Parameter TCL TEW TCW TWT Table 2: Statitical data of the meaured parameter for the rear right teat Before milking After milking Parameter TCL TEW TCW TWT ured value and calculated difference in the parameter due to machine milking. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 and 2 preent tatitic of the meaured parameter of the front and rear teat. ean value (), tandard deviation (), tandard error of the mean () and coefficient of variation () are preented in both table. Variability of the reult i low to moderate, ranging from 9.08 for teat end width of the front right teat before milking to for teat citern width of the front right teat after milking. Table 3 and 4 preent the difference of the mean value of ultraound canning of teat parameter of 27 dairy cow before and after machine milking. The difference between parameter before and after milking were teted by t-tet. A hown in table 3, the leat difference between parameter for the front teat i for teat end width (3.7) followed by teat wall thickne (7.86). The difference in teat end width wa not tatitically ignificant. Statitically ignificant difference were recorded for teat citern width which decreaed after milking for in average, for teat canal length which increaed after milking for averagely, and for teat wall thickne which increaed after milking for 7.86 in average. The reult of meaured parameter for the rear teat preented in table 4 how ignificant difference of all meaured parameter. Teat end width increaed in average 3.32, till being under 5 change, which i, according to Zecconi et al. (1992), the limit for greater rik of bacterial teat duct colonization and greater poibility of matiti incidence. Gleeon et al. (2005) recorded imilar increae in teat end width during machine milking with narrow-bore milking ytem of 4.4 averagely. Teat wall thickne increaed after milking 15.81, teat canal length 24.38, while teat citern width decreaed The teat wall thickne/teat citern width ratio Table 3: eaured parameter of the front right teat front right teat TCL TEW TCW TWT TWT/TCW before milking () after milking () difference () ** n *** * difference () Significance level: * P 0.05,** P 0.01, *** P 0.001, n.. not ignificant Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Supplement

4 . STOJNOVIĆ and D. ALAGIĆ Table 4: eaured parameter of the rear right teat rear right teat TCL TEW TCW TWT TWT/TCW before milking () after milking () difference () *** * *** *** difference () Significance level: * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P (TWT/TCW) changed from to for the front right teat and from to for the rear right teat. Relative change of the ratio wa for the front right teat and for the rear right teat, which indicate that teat citern width decreae wa relatively higher than teat wall thickne increae, ince they change in the oppoite direction during milking. When comparing relative change in teat end width and teat canal length during milking, it i obviou that the change of teat canal length (15.44 and 24.38) were bigger than the change of teat end width (3.7 and 3.32), which matche with the concluion of Neijenhui et al. (2001) that teat tip i more under tre during milking in length than in width and with the concluion of Neijenhui (2004) that the change in teat end width are relatively mall compared with the other teat parameter. Table 5 and 6 how teat parameter before and after milking according to breed and teat poition. The difference in teat-end width for front teat of Siental breed and Siental Holtein croed breed cow i 9.58, which indicate greater poibility of bacterial teat duct colonization and a greater poibility of machine milking induced matiti incidence for thee cow. The difference in teat parameter before and after milking between breed were teted by F-tet and t-tet and they howed no tatitical ignificance, a well a the difference between front and rear quarter of udder. 4 CONCLUSIONS The reult obtained by ultraound canning of dairy cow teat parameter before and after milking procedure indicate the following: achine milking caue daily change of the teat in dairy cow. Length of the teat canal (TCL) after milking increaed on average by in the front right teat, ie by at the rear right teat. Teat end width (TEW) on average increaed after Table 5: Teat parameter of Holtein breed cow Parameter TCL TEW TCW TWT Teat poition front rear front rear front rear front rear before milking () after milking () difference () difference () * *** 1.25 n ** *** *** 5.22 n ** Significance level: * P 0.05, ** P 0.01, *** P Table 6: Teat parameter of Siental breed and Siental Holtein croed breed cow Parameter TCL TEW TCW TWT Teat poition front rear front rear front rear front rear before milking () after milking () difference () difference () ** ** 9.58 *** 0.00 n *** *** n n Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Supplement

5 ACHINE ILKING AND DAILY CHANGES OF COW S TEAT CONDITION milking by 3.7 in the front right teat, ie 3.32 at the rear right teat. Teat citern width (TCW) decreaed after milking by an average of for the front right teat, and by on the rear right teat. Teat wall thickne (TWT) wa increaed after milking an average of 7.86 for the front right teat, and by on the rear right teat. The teat wall thickne/teat citern width ratio (TWT/TCW) increaed relatively by at the front right teat, and by at the rear right teat. Relative change of teat end width after machine milking wa le than 5, indicating that there wa no increaed poibility of colonization of the teat canal by pathogenic micro-organim with the exception of front teat of Siental and Siental Holtein croed breed cow, where relative change of teat end width after machine milking reached 9.58 in average. The difference in relative change of meaured parameter after machine milking between breed and between quarter of udder were not tatitically ignificant. 5 REFERENCES Gleeon D.E., O Callaghan E.J., Rath.V Effect of liner deign, pulator etting and vacuum level on bovine teat tiue change and milking characteritic a meaured by ultraonography. Irih Veterinary Journal, 57: Gleeon D.E., O Callaghan E.J., eaney W.J., Rath.V Effect of two milking ytem on the milking characteritic, teat tiue change and new infection rate of dairy cow. Animal Reearch, 54: Neijenhui F., Hogeeven H., Klungel G Recovery time of cow teat after milking a determined by ultraound canning. In: Proceeding, International Conference on atiti and achine ilking, Fitzpatrick Silver Spring Hotel, Cork, Ireland, Friday 18 th June, 1999 Teagac oorepark Reearch Centre, Neijenhui F., Klungel G.H., Hogeveen H Recovery of Cow Teat after ilking a Determined by Ultraonographic Scanning. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, 12: Neijenhui F Teat condition in Dairy Cow. Diertation. Utrecht Univerity Faculty of Veterinary edicine. O Shea J achine milking factor affecting matiti A literature review. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 215: 5 32 Papić Primijenjena tatitika u S Excellu. Zagreb, ZORO d.o.o.: 261 p Zecconi A., Hamann J., Bronzo V., Ruffo G achineinduced teat tiue reaction and infection rik in a dairy herd free of contagiou matiti pathogen. Journal of Dairy Reearch, 59: Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Supplement