Carcass Gain, Efficiency, and Profitability of Steers at Extended Days on Feed

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1 Crss Gin, Effiieny, n Profitility of Steers t Extene Dys on Fee Roert G. Bonurnt, Jim C. MDonl, Glen E. Erikson, Kte Brooks, Rik N. Funston, n Kelly Bruns Summry Steers were iniviully fe for 22 n 44 ys longer thn the inustry verge mrketing point of.5 kft to etermine rss- se gin, effiieny, n eposition hnges throughout the feeing perio (,, n 84 ys on fee). Premiums n isounts for yiel gre, qulity gre, n overweight rsses were pplie to etermine profitility. Feeing steers for 22 n 44 ys longer inrese rss weight, qulity gre, n yiel gre 4 n 5s. Steers fe 44 ys longer h inrese totl revenue n profit per he espite erese in live gin n effiieny. Introution Reent inreses in se rss prie of fe ttle hve inrese the inentive to fee ttle longer. Extening the feeing perio inreses the risk of reeiving isounts for overweight rsses n inrese yiel gres (YG) while lso hving inrese likelihoo of reeiving premiums for higher qulity gres (QG) ue to ft eposition s ttle ontinue to e fe. Historilly, the optimum mrketing te of steers hs een etermine y hnges in fee effiieny for live weight gin where ost of gin shoul not surpss rekeven live prie. Sine energy eposite s ft on the rss stys with the niml through hrvest, ft is trnsferre to hot rss weight (HCW) n s vlue to the niml (24 Nersk Beef Report, pp 92 96). If itionl HCW sol, whih mkes up the lrgest portion of totl revenue, ouple with QG premiums n outweigh YG isounts, profitility my inrese when steers re fe longer ys on fee (DOF). The ojetive of this experiment ws to evlute the hnges in steer performne on live- niml n rsssis s steers re fe eyon the inustry verge.5 inh kft n to etermine if feeing ttle longer n remin profitle The Bor Regents of the University of Nersk. All rights reserve. Eonomi ftors were pplie to the niml performne n rss hrteristis to etermine totl profit/loss when mrketing steers t eh hrvest point uner urrent mrket onitions (Ferury 25 verges). Eonomi pries of importne inlue Nersk feeer, feese on mrket onitions when sol on gri sis. Proeure This stuy ws onute t the West Centrl Reserh n Extension Center (WCREC), North Pltte, Ne. Crossre steers (n = 4, initil BW = 736 ± 65 l) were iniviully fe using GrowSfe feeing system in n experiment to evlute the hnge in rss hrteristis throughout the feeing perio n the eonomi profit/loss relize y feeing ttle, 22 n 44 ys longer thn the inustry verge ft enpoint. Steers were limit fe iet ontining 55% Sweet Brn n 45% hy for 5 onseutive, with 2 weight ollete. On the seon, steers were implnte with Revlor- 2, strtifie y BW n ssigne rnomly to of 3 pens. Steers were pte to onentrte finishing rtion for 24 n move into GrowSfe feeing fility to llow for iniviul DMI lultion. Steers were weighe for 2 onseutive with 4% shrink pplie to ount for ifferenes in gut fill; onstnt gin (8 l) ws pplie to the limit fe weight n serve s initil BW t the time they entere the GrowSfe feeing system on. This ws neessry euse iniviul DMI oul not e lulte until steers were ple in GrowSfe system. Therefore, pttion perio ws not inlue in DOF lultion. Steers within pen were ssigne rnomly to 3 seril hrvest groups, llowing for 38 steers per hrvest (/3 of eh pen). Steers were not loke y initil BW in n ttempt to simulte vrition within pen, s might e oserve in n inustry setting. To mintin liitum intke, steers were fe twie ily ommon finishing rtion ontining 48% ry- rolle orn, 4% Sweet Brn, 7% pririe hy, n 5% supplement (DM sis) inluing Rumensin 9 (28g/ton iet DM), Tyln 4 (g/ton iet DM), vitmins, n tre minerls. At 8 DOF, steers were re- implnte with Revlor- 2 (2 fter initil implnt). Rel time rss ultrsoun mesurements inluing LM re, intr- musulr ft perentge, 2th ri ft thikness, n rump ft thikness were ollete on 76 steers (2 pens) t,, n DOF. Ultrsoun imge interprettion ws onute y The CUP L, Ames, IA. Steers were onsiere to e inustry verge when the group ws estimte to e t.5 2th ri ft thikness. The first set of lves ws hrveste t DOF, while the seon n thir groups were hrveste t n DOF, respetively. Crss t were ollete y Tyson Fresh Mets utilizing mer t. Dressing perent for eh hrvest group ws lulte using the totl HCW sol ivie y the gross live weight (no shrink). Crss juste live niml performne ws lulte using the lulte ressing perent of eh hrvest group rther thn ommon ressing perent. Inrementl rss- se gin n fee effiieny ws lulte in n ttempt to quntify performne over extene DOF on rss- sis using ifferent sets of steers. Crss- se gin n fee effiieny ws lulte using the following lultions: Crss ADG for DOF: ( DOF verge HCW DOF verge HCW)/22 DOF Crss ADG for DOF: ( DOF verge HCW DOF verge HCW)/23 DOF Crss F:G for DOF: DOF rss ADG/2.8 (verge DMI from ) Crss F:G for DOF: DOF rss ADG/23. (verge DMI from ) 26 Nersk Beef Cttle Report 9

2 stuffs, 5- Are mrket verge resse steer, n 5- Are mrket verge premiums n isounts pplie to the rss inluing HCW, QG, n YG. Yrge, vet./hute/ mis, eth loss, truking n interest on ttle n fee were lso inlue in the nlysis (Tle ). Mrket pries were otine from the Livestok Mrketing Informtion Center, Lkewoo, CO. All t were nlyze using the GLIM- MIX proeure of SAS (SAS Institute, In., Cry, N.C.). To evelop 2th ri ft thikness, mrling sore, n LM re t for the 2 pens of steers ultrsoune, t were nlyze seprte from non- ultrsoune steers using ovrite regression. Pen ws inlue s rnom effet. Orthogonl ontrsts were use to test liner n qurti effets of DOF for steers. Results Averge ressing perent t hrvest ws 63.54, 64.59, n 64.82% for,, n DOF, respetively. Crss juste finl live weight inrese linerly (P <.) from 295 to 392 l s steers were fe itionl DOF (Tle 2). Steer DMI ws not ifferent (P =.59) mong DOF. Live ADG erese linerly (P <.) while F:G inrese linerly (P <.) s steers were fe longer. As steers were fe from to DOF, HCW inrese linerly (P <.) from 823 to 93 pouns, respetively. Inrementl rss ADG ws.4 l etween ys n, n 2.3 l etween ys n. Crss F:G ws 5.38 etween n ys, n.87 etween n ys. Steer LM re qurtilly inrese (P =.4) from 3.8 to 4.5 in 2 ( n DOF, respetively) n i not hnge for DOF t 4.3 in 2. Atul mrling sore numerilly inrese from 475 to 56 ( n DOF, respetively) ut ws not signifintly ifferent (P =.4). Clulte YG n tul 2th ri ft thikness inrese linerly (P <.) s DOF inrese for steers. On when initil ultrsoun ws onute, 2th ri ft thikness, mrling sore, n LM re were not ifferent (P.42) mong hrvest groups. Steer 2th ri ft thikness inrese qurtilly (P <.) from.9 on to.65 on (Figure ). Steers ultrsoune on DOF h.47 kft, while those hrveste t DOF h n tul Tle. Pries use for eonomi nlysis of steers fe inresing ys on fee Yr Informtion, Yrge, $/h/.45 Vet./Chute/Mis., per h 5. Deth Loss 2.% Truking, $/h 5. Interest on Feelot Chrges 5.% Interest on Clf 5.% Feestuffs, $/ton DM Corn ($3.8/u) 6.3 Rtion ost Dresse Steer, Bse Choie 253. Nersk Feeer Clves, $/wt Crss Premiums n Disounts, $/wt HCW, (25.43) (22.82) (2.73) (23.47) Qulity Gre, Prime 5.88 Choie, Upper /3.54 Choie, Mile /3.99 Choie, Bottom /3 Selet (6.8) Stnr (7.9) Yiel Gre, (8.27) 5. (3.2) Vlues from the 5- Are Monthly Feestuffs verge for Ferury 25. Vlues from the 5- Are Weekly Dresse Steer verge for Ferury 25. Vlues from the Nersk Weekly Feeer Mrket Sles verge for Ferury 25. Vlues from 5- Are Mrket Premiums n Disounts reeive for resse steers verge for Ferury Nersk Beef Cttle Report

3 Tle 2. Feelot n rss performne of steers fe inresing ys on fee Live Animl Dys on fee Contrsts Performne, SE Liner Qurti Mesure 2th ri ft thikness, in Initil BW Finl BW, l <..35 Live DMI, l/ Live ADG, l <.. Live F:G, l/l <..3 Crss Performne, HCW <..56 LM re, in Mrling sore th ri ft thikness, in <..79 Clulte YG <..2 Live niml performne lulte using rss juste finl live weight: HCW ivie y tul ressing perent from eh seril hrvest time point (64.83, n 66.4%, respetively) 2=Tres, 3 = Slight, 4 = Smll, 5 = moest, 6 = moerte, 7 = Slightly Aunnt, 8 = Moertely Aunnt Clulte s: YG = (2.5 * ri ft thikness, in) (.35 * REA, in 2 ) + (.2 * 2.5 KPH) + (.38 * HCW, l) y = 8E-6x 2 +.9x Dys on Fee - Ultrsoun Bkft - Crss Bkft Figure. Mesure 2th ri kft thikness in inhes throughout ys on fee. Dys,, n were mesure using rel- time rss ultrsoun on 2 pens of ttle (n = 76) n verge. Dys,, n were mesure t time of hrvest for eh seril slughter group (38 he) n verge. Steer 2th ri kft thikness inrese qurtilly (P <.) from.9 t to.69 t ys on fee. 2th ri ft thikness of.44. This smll isrepny in ft thikness my e ue to hie pulling n rss trim t the hrvest fility or the inherent ifferenes in ultrsoun n mer mesurements. Mrling sore inrese qurtilly (P <.) from 346 t (initil ultrsoun) to 526 t DOF (Figure 2). Mesure LM re inrese qurtilly (P <.) from.3 in 2 (initil ultrsoun) on to 4.4 in 2 s steers were fe to DOF (Figure 3). The perentge of steers with finl YG 5 ws not ifferent mong DOF (Figure 4). The perentge steers within hrvest group with finl YG 4 inrese linerly (P <.) with DOF (2.63,.53, n 3.58%, respetively). Steers hrveste t DOF h.5% more YG 3 thn n DOF whih were not ifferent. The perentge of steers gring hoie or etter ws not ifferent ross DOF; however, the ttle h n inrese perentge of steers gring upper 2/3 hoie (Figure 5). Totl feelot osts inrese linerly (P <.) with inresing DOF for,, n ($43.36, $ n $549.58, respetively). There ws no ifferene (P.7) in HCW n QG premiums n isounts however; there ws liner inrese (P <.) in YG isounts s steers were fe inresing DOF. Steers fe for DOF h no HCW isount, $.4 n $6.23/ he premium for QG n YG, respetively. However, the DOF steers h no HCW isount, ut $6.4 n $.7/he isounts for QG n YG. Disounts of $6.72/he for HCW n $9.25 per he for YG were oserve with $5.2/he QG premium reeive for those steers fe to DOF. Revenue generte from HCW linerly inrese (P <.) with inresing DOF from to ($28.68 to $ per he, respetively). Similrly, totl revenue inluing premiums n isounts linerly inrese (P <.) from $289.4 to $ per he s DOF inrese. Totl profit per he inrese from $8.2 to $85.74 s steers were fe from to DOF; however, ue to vrition mong iniviuls within hrvest groups, totl profit per he only tene to inrese (P =.6). Steers fe for n DOF sol 3 n 8 l of itionl HCW ompre to the DOF whih equte to n itionl $79.6 n $2.69 per he, respetively (Tle 4). The inrementl ost of HCW gin e- 26 Nersk Beef Cttle Report 93

4 6 5 Mrling sore, 4 = smll y =.67x x Dys on Fee - Ultrsoun Bkft - Crss Bkft Figure 2. Mrling sore of steers throughout ys on fee. Dys,, n were mesure using rel- time rss ultrsoun on 2 pens of ttle (n = 76). Ultrsoun mesurement ws evlute s % IMF n onverte to mrling sore whih ws verge for totl group. Mrling sore for ys,, n ws lulte t time of hrvest for eh seril slughter group (38 he) n verge. Mrling sore qurtilly inrese (P <.) from t 346 to 526 t ys on fee Mesure LM re, in y =.x x Dys on Fee - Ultrsoun Bkft - Crss Bkft Figure 3. Mesure LM re (in 2 ) throughout ys on fee. Dys,, n were mesure using rel- time rss ultrsoun on 2 pens of ttle (n = 76) n verge. Dys,, n were mesure t time of hrvest for eh seril slughter group (38 he) n verge. Steer LM re inrese qurtilly (P <.) from.3 in 2 t to 4.3 in 2 t ys on fee. 7% 6% % of totl he hrveste tht y (38 he) 5% 4% 3% 2% % % Finl YG Figure 4. Perent of totl steers hrveste (38/ y) on ys,, n hving finl yiel gre (YG) 5. Finl YG linerly inrese (P <.) with inresing ys on fee from to Nersk Beef Cttle Report

5 rese from $.65 to $.37 per l s steers were fe n itionl 22 or 23 ( to n to DOF, respetively). Although rss juste live ADG erese n live F:G eme poorer with inresing DOF, steer HCW inrese signifintly. For steers fe longer DOF, the inrese in profit espite the e totl feelot osts n e ttriute to more HCW sol. Even though n inrese in YG ws oserve, the premium reeive for QG ouple with the vlue of itionl HCW in the urrent mrket equtes to n inrese in totl revenue. When ompring eonomis t urrent mrket onitions, steers n e fe for 44 ys longer thn inustry verge of.5 kft n inrese profit per he euse the ost of HCW gin is eresing. Roert G. Bonurnt, reserh tehniin Jim MDonl, ssoite professor Glen Erikson, professor, University of Nersk Linoln (UNL) Deprtment of Animl Siene, Linoln, Ner. Kte Brooks, ssistnt professor, UNL Deprtment of Agriulturl Eonomis, Linoln, Ner. Rik Funston, professor Kelly Bruns, professor, UNL West Centrl Reserh % of totl he hrveste tht y (38 he) 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% Stnr Selet Bottom /3 Mile /3 Upper /3 Prime Qulity Gre Figure 5. Perent of totl steers hrveste (38/y) on ys,, n hving qulity gre (QG) of stnr, selet, ottom /3, mile /3, upper /3, n prime. Tle 3. Feelot eonomis for steers fe inresing ys on fee Dys on fee Contrsts Inputs, SE Liner Qurti Purhse Cost, $/h Fee Cost, $/h <..2 Totl Feelot Costs, $/h <..9 Premiums/Disounts, HCW, Averge $/h (6.72) Qulity Gre, Averge $/h.4 (6.2) Yiel Gre, Averge $/h 6.23 (.7) (9.25) 7. <..33 Outputs, HCW Sol, $/h e <..56 Totl Revenue, $/h f <..57 Totl Profit, $/h g Clulte using Nersk Mrket sles with l weight groups multiplie y initil BW/ Clulte y: totl DM fee usge multiplie y rtion ost/ton DM. Totl feelot osts inluing fee, vet. n mis, yrge, truking, eth loss, n interest. Vlues from 5- Are Mrket premiums n isounts reeive for resse steers. e Clulte y: (HCW/) * Ferury 25, 5- Are Mrket Dresse Steer Prie. f Clulte y: HCW sol + Premiums n Disounts reeive. g Clulte y: Totl Sol (Purhse Cost + Totl Feelot Cost). Tle 4. Comprtive feelot eonomis of feeing n itionl 22 or 44 ys Dys on Fee Item, Ae Fee Cost, $/h Ae Totl Feelot Cost, $/h Aitionl HCW Sol, ls/h 3 49 Aitionl Revenue from HCW, $/h Totl Aitionl Revenue, $/h Cost of HCW Gin, $/l Vlues lulte per he for 22 or 44 itionl ys on fee, respetively. Inluing itionl fee, vet. n mis, yrge, truking, eth loss, n interest for e ys on fee. Aitionl $/h reeive inluing isounts n premiums. Clulte s: Ae Totl Feelot Cost / Aitionl HCW sol. 26 Nersk Beef Cttle Report 95