BEEF STUDY GUIDE Livestock Expo Madera County 4-H
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1 8/98
2 8/98
3 BEEF STUDY GUIDE Livestock Expo Madera County 4-H Level I Level II Level III Level IV Entry Form (market) (2) Entry Form (registered) (28) Wholesale Cuts (10) Parts (20) Parts (2) Parts (33) Matching (16), by-products, wholesale and retail cuts T/F (2 questions) T/F (2 questions) Quiz/Terms, Diseases, Parasites, Nutrition 30 questions Ruminant Digestive System I.D. (9) Feed ID () Feed ID (10) Feed ID (1) Matching (Quiz - 28, Nutrition - 24) Equipment ID (1) Equipment ID(20) Breed ID (10) Judging (1 class) Judging (1 class) Judging (1 class) Judging (1 class) Oral Reasons Skills and Showmanship Skills and Showmanship Management and Clipping Skills Management and Clipping Skills SKILLS Level I and II - May include tie and untie; into and out of blocking chute; use of neck rope and other basic project skills. - Member should be knowledgeable about basic fitting of beef including where to clip and how to work hair. - Questions may include where and when to use beef/sheep heads in clipping for show. Level III & IV - May include basic management skills - using balling gun, giving injections and reading medication labels. - Hands on clipping will be required in both levels. - Member should know how to adjust and lubricate both types of clippers (beef/sheep heads). - Some advanced fitting skills may be requested (e.g. tails) SHOWMANSHIP Level I and II - Basic skills - leading, posing, etc. ADDITIONAL STUDY MATERIAL Level III & IV - Compartments of ruminant stomach - rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum (function of each). - Common Diseases and Parasites - Brucellosis, leptospirosis, pneumonia, shipping fever, blackleg, white muscle, mastitis, IBR. - Basic nutrition - Vitamin A, B complex, C, D, E, K; Minerals - calcium, phosphorus. - General management - normal temperature, common injection sites (IM, SubQ, IV), symptoms of common parasites. REFERENCES: 4-H Dairy Project Manual (4-H 2009) (pages 8, 9, 19-22) 4-H Beef Project Manual (4-H 2006) Engsminger - Beef Cattle Science (available at Madera County Library) There are feed ID kits and breed ID slides available at the 4-H office for you to check out and study. 8/98
4 BEEF TERMS - LEVEL I & II LIVESTOCK EXPO - Madera County 4-H 1. Bloat - Excessive gas build up in the rumen (stomach). 2. Brand - Permanent marking on skin caused by scar tissue. 3. Bull - Male of cattle. 4. Calf - Young animal of cattle species, under one year of age.. Cow - Mature female of cattle. 6. Cull - Animal taken out of herd because below herd standard. 7. Dam - Mother of calf. 8. Dehorn - Removing of horns. 9. Dry cow - Cow not milking. 10. Fill - Amount of water and feed in a animal. 11. Heifer - Female of cattle under 3 years of age and has not produced a calf. 12. Nurse cow - Cow nursing calves other than its own. 13. Off feed - Cattle that stop eating or eat very little. 14. Ration - Total feed given during 24 hours. 1. Scours - Diarrhea or loose running manure. 16. Sire - Father of a calf. 17. Steer - Male cattle castrated at an early age. 18. Polled - Cattle born without horns. 19. Castrate - To remove testes of male cattle. 20. Weaner - Calf just taken away from its mother. 21. Concentrate - Feed stuffs (such as grains) that are low in fiber and high in digestible nutrients. 22. Gestation - Period cow is with calf (282 days). 23. Conformation - Refers to shape and design of body. 24. Barren - Not able to produce a calf. 2. Dressing % - Percent the chilled carcass is of live weight. (Carcass wt. divided by live wt. 100). 26. Roughage - Feeds high in fiber (hays, silage, hulls).
5 BEEF TERMS - LEVEL III & IV (May include Level I & II terms) LIVESTOCK EXPO - Madera County 4-H 1. Bred - Animal that is pregnant. 2. Carcass - Dressed body of a meat animal, with the insides (offal removed.) 3. Cod - Scrotum of steer that contains fat. 4. Colostrum - Thick yellow milk (first milk) produced by a cow after calving.. Condition - Degree of fatness in meat animals. 6. Cow hocked - Hocks turn in toward each other when standing or walking. 7. Crossbreeding - Mating of purebred cattle but of different breeds. 8. Cud - Regurgitated feed or bolus from stomach. 9. Dressing % - Dressed weight 100 = Dressing % Live weight 10. Dual purpose - Cattle breeds used for beef and milk production. 11. Estrus - Period of heat, able to conceive (18 hours). 12. Quality Grades (U.S.D.A.) of Beef --1) Prime, 2) Choice, 3) Select, 4) Standard ) Commercial, 6) Utility, 7) Cutter, 8) Canner 13. Marbling - Flecks of fat distributed throughout meat. (Used to determine quality grade.) 14. Yield Grades - Used to evaluate the amount of red meat in a carcass. (Yield grade 1, 2, 3, 4,, with 1 having the most meat and least fat). 1. Cutability - Refers to the amount of red meat in a carcass. A carcass with high cutability would have a high percentage of meat as compared to the percentage of fat. 16. Lactation - Period of producing milk. 17. Pedigree - Written statement giving the record of an animal s ancestry (family tree). 18. Post legged - Too straight in hind legs. 19. Registered - Purebred animals whose pedigree is recorded with a breed registry. 20. Replacement - Animal selected to keep in a breeding herd. 21. Ribeye - Measured between the 12th and 13th rib on beef carcass this measurement is the most reliable indicator of muscling in a carcass. 22. Kidney, Heart and Pelvic Fat - Indicates how much internal fat is in a beef carcass. 23. Average Daily Gain (ADG) - Final Weight - Beginning weight divided by the number of days on feed. Important indicator of an animal s feed efficiency and profitability.
6 BEEF CATTLE EQUIPMENT/SUPPLY I.D. LIVESTOCK EXPO - Madera County 4-H flexible ear tag ear tag applicator hog rings metal curry comb scotch comb hog ringer mane/tail comb trimming scissors tail ties wooden showstick aluminum show stick soft brush fiberglass show stick beef show halter spray bottle vinyl massage comb dairy show halter spray adhesive washer massage comb rope halter mineral oil rice root brush nylon rope halter alcohol neck rope Johnson halter sweat collar Electric clipmaster clippers Electric shearmaster clippers wire hoof brush top clipper blade bottom clipper blade nose lead (bull) hair dressing quick shed n blade eye patch tattoo pliers tattoo ink tattoo number cattle magnet elastrator scalpel calf drencher animal marker chalk emasculator metal balling gun plastic balling gun Burdizzo inseminating sleeve electric dehorner horn weights A.I. pipette disposable syringe calf snare manual dehorner disposable needle hoof nipper automatic syringe obstetrical chain hoof/horn rasp electric branding iron obstetrical chain handle branding iron paint branding iron emery cloth feed pan Circuiteer hot air blower
7 BEEF CATTLE SKILLS AND SHOWMANSHIP LEVEL I LIVESTOCK EXPO Madera County 4-H SKILLS DEMONSTRATION Possible Points Score Comments Safely Enter Stall & Untie Proper Tie (Quick release knot) Trimming Stand Use (In and Out Safely) 10 Fitting Question (1) TOTAL 2 SHOWMANSHIP - Loading Cattle Entering & Leaving Ring Walk and Stop Turn Step Up/Posing 10 TOTAL 2 BEEF CATTLE SKILLS AND SHOWMANSHIP LEVEL II LIVESTOCK EXPO Madera County 4-H SKILLS DEMONSTRATION Possible Points Score Comments Safely Enter Stall & Untie Proper Tie (Quick release knot) Trimming Stand Use (In and Out Safely) 10 Fitting Questions (2) 10 Total 30 SHOWMANSHIP Lead at Halter Entering & Leaving Ring Walk and Stop Turn Step Up/Posing 10 Back Up & Use of Hands TOTAL 30
8 BEEF CATTLE SKILLS LEVEL III LIVESTOCK EXPO Madera County 4-H SKILLS DEMONSTRATION Possible Points Score Commen Safely restrain animal Demonstrate use of balling gun Fill syringe with cc. Penicillin Where will injection be given? Read the Label: Give Expiration Date Read the Label: Give Withdrawal Time Demonstrate clipping skills: Safety Use of cattle heads only Clip Head, belly - one side, or neck - one side 20 TOTAL 0 BEEF CATTLE SKILLS LEVEL IV LIVESTOCK EXPO Madera County 4-H SKILLS DEMONSTRATION Possible Points Score Comments Attach and adjust clipper blades (Beef heads only) 10 Explain care and maintenance of clippers: Cleaning Lubrication Clip one side of animal: Belly Neck Head Side Shaping 10 Demonstrate how to put up and take down a tail 10 TOTAL
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